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This dataset consists of 122 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings collected in 2016 in the northern Harrat Rahat, located near the holy city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah in Saudi Arabia. These data were collected as part of a joint project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Saudi Geological Survey examining the volcanic hazard associated with the harrat. Imaging the 3-D electrical resistivity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the harrat will help in understanding the magmatic system at depth.
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This data release provides access to a low-altitude aeromagnetic survey flown over a part of the Cascade Range of the US Pacific Northwest, approximately centered over the town of Cascade Locks, Oregon. The Cascade Locks magnetic survey encompasses two large stratovolcanoes of the Cascade Range: Mt. Hood (3426 m) in Oregon and Mt. Adams (3742 m) in Washington. Data were acquired between October 17, 2021, and February 26, 2022, by KBM Resources Group, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, working under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey. The survey is underlain by a diverse magnetic terrane, including Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group and Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic and intrusive rocks of the...
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The 1983-2018 Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, consisted of many different episodes and several phases of lava flows threatening residential areas (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). One of these crises occurred in 2014-2015, when lava erupting from Puʻuʻōʻō advanced north of the rift zone, towards the town of Pāhoa (Poland and others 2016; Brantley and others 2019). This slow-moving crisis unfolded over approximately four months, as pāhoehoe lava gradually flowed towards the town. In the end, the lava flow fortunately stalled at the edge of the residential area, destroying only one home. During the crisis, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano...
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This dataset is intended to provide seamless, integrated geologic mapping of the U.S. Intermountain West region as a contribution to The National Geologic Map supported by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Surficial and bedrock geology are included in this data release as independent datasets at a variable resolution from 1:50,000 to 1:250,000 scale. No original interpretations are presented in this dataset; rather, all interpretive data are assimilated from referenceable publications. Derivative polygon features created for this dataset demonstrate the distribution of SIGMa-GeMS Geologic Provinces derived from the distribution of map units. Initial contributions to...
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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study on the magnetic record contained in subsurface basalts within coreholes at the Idaho National Laboratory. Standard 1 inch paleomagnetism core samples were collected from 11 coreholes. The samples were characterized for polarity and average paleomagnetic inclinations over the entire length of the drill core. However, paleomagnetic declination data were not obtained due to the original azimuth of the drill cores not being preserved during drilling. The samples were extracted from individual lava flows based on identification of flow tops and bottoms in the drill core. These samples were then transported to the USGS Paleomagnetic...
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The catastrophic, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, is the most well-known eruption of the volcano. Less well known is the May 18th eruption marked the beginning of a period of eruptive activity that lasted through 1986. From October 1980 through October 1986, a series of 17 dome-building episodes added millions of cubic meters of lava to the crater floor. Most of the growth occurred when magma extruded onto the surface of the dome, forming short (650 to 1,300 feet), thick (65 to 130 feet) lava flows. This data release is a 1-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a corresponding hillshade raster derived from a previously unpublished 1:2,000 scale topographic contour...
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LiDAR scans were taken using a tripod mounted Riegl VZ-400 scanning LiDAR. The tripod was set up such that the scanner was between 1.5 and 2.5 m tall. The VZ-400 is a near infrared (1550 nm) scanner. Geometric control was achieved using a pair of Trimble RB GPS antennae, one mounted on the LiDAR scanner (rover) and the other setup as a base station. Before taking a LiDAR scan, the VZ-400 would use the GPSs to fix a real time kinematic (RTK) solution for the scanner’s location and then use that position (scan position) as a reference for LiDAR returns. Post processing was done using RIScan-Pro version 2 (scanner specific software). Also, in post-processing, overlapping areas of point clouds were merged and inaccuracies...
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Yellowstone National Park (YNP; Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA) contains more than 10,000 hydrothermal features, several lakes, and four major watersheds. For more than 140 years, researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey and other scientific institutions have investigated the chemical compositions of hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, rivers, and lakes in YNP and surrounding areas. Water chemistry studies have revealed a range of compositions including waters with pH values ranging from about 1 to 10, surface temperatures from ambient to superheated values of 95°C, and elevated concentrations of silica, lithium, boron, fluoride, mercury, and arsenic. Hydrogeochemical data from YNP research have...
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Tiltmeter data from borehole tilt stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020, spanning a Kīlauea summit intrusion and summit eruption that began on December 20, 2020. These data were collected in 2020 by Andria P Ellis and Ingrid A Johanson of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The authors thank Sarah Conway for conducting the nearly monthly clock resets for these tiltmeters in 2020.
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La Soufrière Volcano is a 1,220 m high stratovolcano that occupies the northern half of the island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, Eastern Caribbean. It has a long history of explosive and sometimes devastating eruptions. Beginning in December 2020 and ending in April 2021, La Soufrière Volcano produced a Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) 4 eruption that greatly impacted the landscape, communities, and infrastructure on the island of St. Vincent. The eruption produced intense ash plumes, heavy ashfall, and pyroclastic flows down several river valleys. During and following the eruption, destructive lahars (volcanic mudflows) impacted rivers valleys and coastal communities for months. The USGS-USAID Volcano Disaster...
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and surrounding region is made up of over 3 billion years of geologic history, with 300+ separate rock types. To increase our understanding of the evolution of this active system and direct priorities for sample collection and field study, we compiled whole rock geochemical datasets from numerous thesis and papers (17 in total). We present these data in a standardized format and include location information and details on analytical methods when available.
This collection consists of geological samples associated with the research of USGS Scientist Emeritus Michael J. Kunk. The collection contains rock samples stemming from Kunk’s earth science research in North America on geochronology, geochemistry, landscape evolution, volcanology, mineralogy, and structural geology. This collection contains four pallets of geological samples and materials.
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A total of 100 samples were collected from two proximal sections of Keanakākoʻi, Tephra unit D deposits. Samples were analyzed on Microtrac CAMSIZER® P4 and X2 instruments for grain size and shape data in the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) tephra lab. Data release includes sample descriptions, half phi grain size distributions, and statistical output from DECOLOG deconvolution modeling of grain size distributions. Grain size is reported using the sieve compatible Xcmin parameter (CAMSIZER® manual, 2020). Data of 2D shape parameter means of sphericity, Krumbein roundness and compactness of samples as well as for half phi grain size bins at 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, and -1 phi are also included. Please refer to associated...
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The youngest and largest island in the State of Hawaii—the Island of Hawai‘i—is formed by five volcanoes, three of which have erupted within recent geologic history: Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai. This data release provides a chronology for activity and impacts at Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, and Hualālai over approximately the past two and a half centuries. This data release includes a word document, “HI_volcanoes_chronology_description,” that describes the data compilation process and provides simple summary tables of eruptive activity and maps. A CSV file contains the compiled eruption chronology data for all volcanoes—"HI_volcanoes_chronology_data”—references for which are provided in a separate CSV file titled “HI_volcanoes_chronology_references.”...
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The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
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This dataset includes wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) major-oxide and trace-element whole-rock analyses, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) trace-element whole-rock analyses, and glass analyses by electron microprobe of scoria and lava samples from the Kamakaiʻa Hills of the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Whole-rock chemical analyses were performed at the Hamilton Analytical Laboratory at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, USA, whereas glass chemical analyses were performed at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, USA.
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This Data Release contains continuous gravity records from two instruments on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: the HOVL gravimeter, located on the east rim of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater directly above the 2008-2018 summit eruptive vent, and the PUOC gravimeter, located on northern rim of Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone. Both instruments were collocated with GNSS stations. The HOVL gravimeter was installed in 2010 and operated until 2018, when it was destroyed by summit collapse. The PUOC gravimeter was installed in 2013 and operated until 2018, when it was removed following the cessation of eruptive activity at Puʻu ʻŌʻō. Although both gravimeters have data gaps of varying lengths owing to equipment outages, the...
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Tiltmeter data from station Jonika Flow (JKA) used in the publication "Pre-existing ground cracks as lava flow pathways at Kīlauea in 2014" by Tim R. Orr, Edward W. Llewellin, Kyle R. Anderson, and Matthew R. Patrick. These data were collected in 2014 by Asta Miklius of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the distance between sets of nails spanning ground cracks at discrete locations in Nāpau Crater, installed in 1997 as "crack stations" to monitor change. See fig. B-1 in the associated publication for a map of crack...
map background search result map search result map Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016 Continuous gravity data from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Major- and trace-element chemical analyses of whole-rock and glass from the Kamakaiʻa Hills of the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi Keanakākoʻi Tephra unit D, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: sample details, grain size, and grain shape data for 100 tephra samples The USGS Michael J. Kunk Geological Sample Collection NASA GIFT Iceland Highlands: 2015-2019 Baugur LiDAR Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Whole Rock Analyses from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field Timelapse camera and webcam images of the fissure 8 lava flow during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Digital elevation model of the lava dome in the crater of Mount St. Helens, November 12, 1986 Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone station JKA from August 1 to September 15, 2014 Paleomagnetic inclination data collected from Coreholes EREF-GW-1, STF-PIE-AQ-02, TAN 2336, USGS 138, USGS 139, USGS 142, USGS 143, USGS 144, USGS 145, USGS 147, and USGS 148A, located at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey Over Cascade Locks, Oregon, and Surrounding Areas Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea summit stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020 Airborne lidar survey of St Vincent, Eastern Caribbean, following the 2020-21 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano Seamless Integrated Geologic Map Database of the Intermountain West: Contributions to The National Geologic Map Appendix B - Line lengths for crack stations in Nāpau Crater Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano Digital elevation model of the lava dome in the crater of Mount St. Helens, November 12, 1986 NASA GIFT Iceland Highlands: 2015-2019 Baugur LiDAR Appendix B - Line lengths for crack stations in Nāpau Crater Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano Major- and trace-element chemical analyses of whole-rock and glass from the Kamakaiʻa Hills of the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi Keanakākoʻi Tephra unit D, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: sample details, grain size, and grain shape data for 100 tephra samples Timelapse camera and webcam images of the fissure 8 lava flow during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Continuous gravity data from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi Airborne lidar survey of St Vincent, Eastern Caribbean, following the 2020-21 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone station JKA from August 1 to September 15, 2014 Paleomagnetic inclination data collected from Coreholes EREF-GW-1, STF-PIE-AQ-02, TAN 2336, USGS 138, USGS 139, USGS 142, USGS 143, USGS 144, USGS 145, USGS 147, and USGS 148A, located at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey Over Cascade Locks, Oregon, and Surrounding Areas Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016 Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea summit stations UWE and SDH from January 1 to December 31, 2020 Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Whole Rock Analyses from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field Seamless Integrated Geologic Map Database of the Intermountain West: Contributions to The National Geologic Map Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 The USGS Michael J. Kunk Geological Sample Collection