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This release presents data collected during airborne volcanic gas monitoring flights at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, that were completed between 2004-2017. Instrumented fixed-wing aircraft were used to collect in situ trace gas measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The sensor payload also included an upward-looking correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and/or differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system. The remote sensing instruments were used to derive volcanic SO2 emission rates by measuring incident scattered solar ultraviolet radiation while traversing beneath the plume. Gas compositions and COSPEC output (volts) were recorded at 1 Hz and DOAS...
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Olivine and glass major and minor element chemistry for select eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i as measured by electron microprobe, with secondary standard analyses.
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The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California formed about 760,000 years ago following the eruption of ~600 km3 of high-silica rhyolite. The Long Valley volcanic-hydrothermal system contains sufficient heat to support the Casa Diablo binary geothermal power plant sited on the margin of the resurgent dome. Present day volcanic activity is evidenced by periods of seismicity and deformation and the presence of magmatic volatiles in thermal fluids. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses a variety of techniques to monitor the volcanic system that underlies the Long Valley Caldera. Monitoring data include measurements of seismicity and deformation and chemical analyses of thermal waters and gases that are emitted at...
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Following the 2018 collapses of the caldera floor at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano (Anderson and others, 2019; Neal and others, 2019), the enlarged and deepened depression hosted a variety of volcanic activity between 2019 and 2022. These events included an unprecedented water lake and two prolonged episodes of lava lake activity. This data release includes images from a stationary thermal camera poised on the western caldera rim, with the camera providing a continuous record of the summit changes over this period. The thermal images provide an excellent observational record of the activity owing to the ability to see through thick volcanic fume, and the clarity with which they highlight active portions of the...
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This Data Release contains continuous gravity records from two instruments on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: the HOVL gravimeter, located on the east rim of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater directly above the 2008-2018 summit eruptive vent, and the PUOC gravimeter, located on northern rim of Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone. Both instruments were collocated with GNSS stations. The HOVL gravimeter was installed in 2010 and operated until 2018, when it was destroyed by summit collapse. The PUOC gravimeter was installed in 2013 and operated until 2018, when it was removed following the cessation of eruptive activity at Puʻu ʻŌʻō. Although both gravimeters have data gaps of varying lengths owing to equipment outages, the...
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Tiltmeter data from station Jonika Flow (JKA) used in the publication "Pre-existing ground cracks as lava flow pathways at Kīlauea in 2014" by Tim R. Orr, Edward W. Llewellin, Kyle R. Anderson, and Matthew R. Patrick. These data were collected in 2014 by Asta Miklius of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
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Mammoth Mountain is a dacitic dome complex located on the southwestern rim of Long Valley Caldera, California. Mammoth Mountain has exhibited unrest over the past ~30 years, characterized by seismicity over a broad range of depths, elevated 3He/4He ratios in fumarolic gas and large-scale diffuse CO2 emissions. Monitoring of this unrest has included collection of fumarole gas samples for geochemical analysis and tree cores for radiocarbon analysis of annual growth rings. This report updates the long-term geochemical record at Mammoth Mountain, compiling the chemical and isotopic (d13C-CO2, 3He/4He) compositions of 59 gas samples collected from Mammoth Mountain fumarole from 1998 to 2016. In addition, we report radiocarbon...
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The files consist of two types: tabulated data files and graphical map files. Data files consist of three .csv files, representing three experiment dates (2017_05_23, 2017_05_24, 2017_05_25). Each of these files contains multiple columns of data, with each column representing either a time measurement or the value of a physical quantity measured at that time (e.g., flow depth, pore pressure, normal stress, etc.). Map files consist of three .pdf files, each representing an experiment date listed above. The maps show the thickness of the sediment deposited onto the runout pad after each experiment. Sediment thickness was determined using photogrammetery software from Agisoft.
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This dataset contains Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) footage from the 2018 summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. The intrusion of magma into Kīlauea’s lower East Rift Zone triggered draining of the summit lava lake and magma withdrawal from the shallow reservoir. This resulted in 62 subsequent collapse events at the summit between May and early-August 2018. Each collapse event released energy equivalent to a magnitude-5.3 earthquake. The total collapse volume was about 0.8 km^3, with subsidence of more than 500 m in some places. There are 73 UAS videos in this publication, recorded from May 19 to September 5, which have been separated into subpages by month. Sub-pages for each month also contain...
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Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during June 2012 along 556 line-kilometers over Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. These data were collected in support of alteration and volcano flank instability mapping as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program. Data were acquired by SkyTEM Survey ApS SkyTEM304 system with the Soloy Helicopters Eurocopter Astar 350 B3 and Bell 407 dual-moment, time-domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic system together with a Geometrics G822A cesium vapor magnetometer with Kroum KMAG4 counter. The survey was flown at a nominal flight height of 30 meters (m) above terrain along block-style lines with a nominal spacing of 250 m. The survey...
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This data release includes audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) sounding data collected in July 2018 in the Silverton Caldera complex, Colorado, in the Southern Rocky Mountain Volcanic Field, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Along with geologic mapping, airborne magnetics, airborne electromagnetics, and magnetotellurics, the USGS collected AMT data at 24 sites along four profiles ranging from 3 to 6 kilometers in length across the north-western structural margin of the Silverton caldera in Mineral Basin (MB01-MB05), across the south-eastern margin of the caldera along Cunningham Creek (CC01-CC05), within the caldera in Eureka Graben (EG01-EG05), and within the caldera along upper Cement Creek near the Gold King mine...
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The data files consist of four .csv files, with one file for each of four experiment dates (1994_06_21, 1994_06_23, 1997_05_20, and 1997_05_22). Each file contains multiple columns of data, with each column representing either a time measurement or the value of a physical quantity (flow depth, h, flow speed, u, or run-up height, H) measured at that time. Detailed descriptions of column headings are provided below. The .csv files are easily imported into Microsoft Excel as well as a wide variety of other programs. The data are unclassified and no legal restrictions pertain to their use.
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This dataset includes raw and rinex data from 2020 campaign gps data from the Island of Hawai`i in 2020. There was a total of 57 sites occupied. All data are included along with metadata, log sheets and raw/rinex data.
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This dataset holds data associated with the stratigraphic descriptions and grain size analyses and the radiocarbon age dating for the journal article "Stratigraphy and eruption history of maars in the Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California"
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LiDAR scans were taken using a tripod mounted Riegl VZ-400 scanning LiDAR. The tripod was set up such that the scanner was between 1.5 and 2.5 m tall. The VZ-400 is a near infrared (1550 nm) scanner. Geometric control was achieved using a pair of Trimble RB GPS antennae, one mounted on the LiDAR scanner (rover) and the other setup as a base station. Before taking a LiDAR scan, the VZ-400 would use the GPS to fix a real time kinematic (RTK) solution for the scanner’s location and then use that position (scan position) as a reference for LiDAR returns. Post processing was done using RIScan-Pro version 2 (scanner specific software). Also, in post-processing, overlapping areas of point clouds were merged and inaccuracies...
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In May 2018, the onset of new eruptive activity on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, accompanied the draining of the lava lake at the summit, 40 km upslope. The lava lake draining lasted over seven days, and transitioned into the largest collapse event at the summit of Kīlauea in over 200 years, with the paired flank and summit activity marking a historic episode in the modern record of Kīlauea. We present two important datasets that characterize draining of the Kīlauea summit lava lake in 2018. First, we present high-precision elevation data of the lava lake surface measured by an industrial laser rangefinder. To our knowledge, this is the highest-precision lava lake elevation data ever collected over...
The northern half of the Lake Walcott 30 x 60 minute quadrangle shows the geology of the southern part of the Craters of the Moon lava field, the complex geologic features of the Holocene Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, and the southern part of the Great Rift volcanic rift zone. The long extent and distribution of skylights in lava-tube systems of the Horse Butte and Wapi Park lava fields are depicted on this map. 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar age determinations give detail to the Holocene, late Pleistocene, and late middle Pleistocene volcanic for lava fields in this quadrangle. Most of the younger basalt eruptions (<150 ka) have occurred along the Great Rift volcanic rift zone, but two of the younger lava fields are located...
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This data release includes documentation of rock core recovered from three shallow holes drilled during the summer of 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, on the Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii. Holes were drilled to accommodate installation of U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory volcano-monitoring instruments in the year 2000. Rock core recovered from the holes, which extend 112–119 m (367–392 ft) below the ground surface, were logged to characterize the sub-surface local geology. Core are described by depth below the ground surface, lithologic unit type and class, phenocryst type and abundance, groundmass type, vesicle abundance, morphology, and distribution, alteration, fracturing, and unit contacts....
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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the distance between sets of nails spanning ground cracks at discrete locations in Nāpau Crater, installed in 1997 as "crack stations" to monitor change. See fig. B-1 in the associated publication for a map of crack...
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On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, Washington, exploded in a spectacular and devastating eruption that resulted in previously unimaginable events that drastically altered the mountain and the surrounding area. One unprecedented event was the collapse of the summit and north flank of the volcano forming a huge landslide known as the ‘debris avalanche’ with a total volume of about 2.5 km3 (3.3 billion cubic yards). The debris avalanche swept around and up ridges to the north, but most of it turned westward as far as 23 km (14 mi) down the valley of the North Fork Toutle River and formed a hummocky deposit. This had a profound effect on the topography of the area, including transforming the summit cone of the volcano...
map background search result map search result map Data from debris-flow run-up experiments conducted in June, 1994, and May, 1997, at the USGS Debris-flow Flume, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon Data Release for Geologic Map of the north half of the Lake Walcott 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Idaho Sensor data from debris-flow experiments conducted in May, 2017, at the USGS debris-flow flume, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon Audiomagnetotelluric sounding data in the Silverton Caldera complex, Colorado, 2018 Fumarole gas geochemistry and tree-ring radiocarbon data at Mammoth Mountain, California (1989-2016) Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data, Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, June 2012 Lava level and crater geometry data during the 2018 lava lake draining at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) video of the 2018 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Continuous gravity data from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 – 2020 Campaign GPS measurements on the Island of Hawai`i collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2020 Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017 Olivine and glass analyses for select eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i NASA GIFT Iceland Highlands: 2019 Oskjuvatn LiDAR Thermal camera data for the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, 2019–2022 Core logs from three shallow holes drilled in summer 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Clear Lake Volcanic Field maar deposit grain size distributions, Inman grain size statistics, and radiocarbon ages Digital elevation model of Mount St. Helens, Washington and vicinity prior to the 1980 eruption Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone station JKA from August 1 to September 15, 2014 Appendix B - Line lengths for crack stations in Nāpau Crater Sensor data from debris-flow experiments conducted in May, 2017, at the USGS debris-flow flume, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon NASA GIFT Iceland Highlands: 2019 Oskjuvatn LiDAR Fumarole gas geochemistry and tree-ring radiocarbon data at Mammoth Mountain, California (1989-2016) Thermal camera data for the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, 2019–2022 Appendix B - Line lengths for crack stations in Nāpau Crater Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) video of the 2018 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Lava level and crater geometry data during the 2018 lava lake draining at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Audiomagnetotelluric sounding data in the Silverton Caldera complex, Colorado, 2018 Continuous gravity data from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 – 2020 Olivine and glass analyses for select eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i Digital elevation model of Mount St. Helens, Washington and vicinity prior to the 1980 eruption Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data, Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, June 2012 Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone station JKA from August 1 to September 15, 2014 Clear Lake Volcanic Field maar deposit grain size distributions, Inman grain size statistics, and radiocarbon ages Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017 Core logs from three shallow holes drilled in summer 2000 into the flanks of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i, Hawaii Campaign GPS measurements on the Island of Hawai`i collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2020