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Emergence of the Introduced Grass Agropyron cristatum and the Native Grass Bouteloua gracilis in a Mixed-grass Prairie Restoration Prairie restoration at the northern edge of the Great Plains can be frustrated by previously established non-native perennial grasses. We compared the emergence of a widely introduced grass, Agropyron cristatum, and a common native grass, Bouteloua gracilis, in a 4-year-old field experiment in which the Agropyron-dominated vegetation had either been left intact or treated annually with herbicide. This was done at two levels of water supply, reflecting conditions expected in wet and dry years, to examine the effects of among-year variability in precipitation. Water addition significantly increased the emergence of both surface-sown and buried (1 cm deep) seeds. Herbicide treatment of neighbors did not increase the... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Agropyron cristatum, Bouteloua gracilis, Great Plains, Restoration Ecology, emergence, All tags... grass, grassland, herbicide, introduced grass, native grass, neighbor control, seed bank, water availability, Fewer tags Report and Publications: Assessing Evapotranspiration Rate Changes for Proposed Restoration of the Forested Uplands of the DLCC Final Report - Executive Summary: This final project report is prepared to summarize the research project titled “Assessing evapotranspiration rate changes for proposed restoration of the forested uplands of the Desert Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCC)” for the Desert LCC of the Bureau of Reclamation as a requirement for closing out the project. This report includes the scope of work, summary of research project, results, and conclusions.Among all of the components of the terrestrial water cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) consumes the largest amount of water. Accurate estimation of ET is very important to understand the influence of ET to the hydrologic response of recharge and runoff processes in the water... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR, ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR, All tags... AZ-01, Applications and Tools, Arizona, Datasets/Database, EARTH SCIENCE, EARTH SCIENCE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Northern Arizona, Publication, Publication, Publication, Report, United States, WATER VAPOR PROCESSES, WATER VAPOR PROCESSES, adaptation, best management practice (BMP), biota, climate change, completed, drought, ecosystem services, fire, forest, groundwater, hydrology, land cover, management, model, native, plant, product, remote sensing, resilience, restoration, snow, soil, topography, vegetation, water availability, water budget, watershed, Fewer tags RiverWare Daily Simulated values of Streamflow from 2006-2099: Louisiana Daily streamflow and reservoir water elevation data for modeled locations in the Red River Basin. Values reported are for 18 different GCM (Global Climate Model) / RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) / GDM Downscaling scenarios. Climate data from each scenario was input into a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, that output flow values. These values were then input into RiverWare, to determine the impacts on regulated flows, lake levels and water availability. RiverWare was used for this project, because of its ability to simulate water use, reservoir operations, and local/interstate regulations. Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples, Louisiana, National CASC, Red River, All tags... RiverWare, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, South Central CASC, Tribes and Tribal Organizations, Water Availability, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags Elevated CO2 effects on semi-arid grassland plants in relation to water availability and competition 1. It has been suggested that much of the elevated CO2 effect on plant productivity and N cycling in semi-arid grasslands is related to a CO2-induced increase in soil moisture, but the relative importance of moisture-mediated and direct effects of CO2 remain unclear. 2. We grew five grassland species common to the semi-arid grasslands of northern Colorado, USA, as monocultures and as mixtures of all five species in pots. We examined the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ambient vs. 780 p.p.m.) and soil moisture (15 vs. 20% m/m) on plant biomass and plant N uptake. Our objective was to separate CO2 effects not related to water from water-mediated CO2 effects by frequently watering the pots, thereby eliminating... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: C3 and C4 grasses, Functional Ecology, elevated atmospheric CO2, forbs, greenhouse experiment, All tags... inter- and intraspecific competition, nitrogen dynamics, semi-arid grassland, water availability, Fewer tags RiverWare Daily Simulated values of Streamflow from 2006-2099: Texas Daily streamflow and reservoir water elevation data for modeled locations in the Red River Basin. Values reported are for 18 different GCM (Global Climate Model) / RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) / GDM Downscaling scenarios. Climate data from each scenario was input into a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, that output flow values. These values were then input into RiverWare, to determine the impacts on regulated flows, lake levels and water availability. RiverWare was used for this project, because of its ability to simulate water use, reservoir operations, and local/interstate regulations. Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples, National CASC, Red River, RiverWare, All tags... Rivers, Streams and Lakes, South Central CASC, Texas, Tribes and Tribal Organizations, Water Availability, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags Nitrogen Limitation in Dryland Ecosystems: Responses to Geographical and Temporal Variation in Precipitation We investigated the relationship between plant nitrogen limitation and water availability in dryland ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that at lower levels of annual precipitation, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is limited primarily by water whereas at higher levels of precipitation, it is limited primarily by nitrogen. Using a literature survey of fertilization experiments in arid, semi-arid, and subhumid ecosystems, we investigated the response of ANPP to nitrogen addition as a function of variation in precipitation across geographic gradients, as well as across year-to-year variation in precipitation within sites. We used four different indices to assess the degree of N limitation: (1) Absolute... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Arid, Biogeochemistry, Fertilization, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Net primary productivity, All tags... Nitrogen limitation, Semi-arid, Water availability, Fewer tags Data for figures 2 - 4 (Table A1) The dataset accompanies Figures 2–4 of Matchett and Fleskes (2018) and therein the subject data are referenced as "Table A1". Data summarize peak abundance (km2) of Central Valley waterbird habitats (i.e., wetland and flooded cropland types) that are available between August and April (of the following year) for each of 17 projected scenarios by planning basin, scenario, and habitat. Area of each habitat for each scenario-basin combination is provided for the month when the most area of the respective habitat is typically flooded and available for waterbird use (i.e., January for all wetlands and winter-flooded rice and corn, and September for other winter-flooded crops in Tulare Basin). The dataset also includes... Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Central Valley of California, basin, birds, climate change, cropland, All tags... habitat alteration, habitats, urbanization, water availability, water resource management, water resources, water use, waterbirds, wetland restoration, wetlands, Fewer tags RiverWare Daily Simulated values of Streamflow from 2006-2099: Arkansas Daily streamflow and reservoir water elevation data for modeled locations in the Red River Basin. Values reported are for 18 different GCM (Global Climate Model) / RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) / GDM Downscaling scenarios. Climate data from each scenario was input into a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, that output flow values. These values were then input into RiverWare, to determine the impacts on regulated flows, lake levels and water availability. RiverWare was used for this project, because of its ability to simulate water use, reservoir operations, and local/interstate regulations. Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Arkansas, Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples, National CASC, Red River, All tags... RiverWare, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, South Central CASC, Tribes and Tribal Organizations, Water Availability, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags RiverWare Daily Simulated values of Streamflow from 2006-2099: Oklahoma Daily streamflow and reservoir water elevation data for modeled locations in the Red River Basin. Values reported are for 18 different GCM (Global Climate Model) / RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) / GDM Downscaling scenarios. Climate data from each scenario was input into a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, that output flow values. These values were then input into RiverWare, to determine the impacts on regulated flows, lake levels and water availability. RiverWare was used for this project, because of its ability to simulate water use, reservoir operations, and local/interstate regulations. Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples, National CASC, Oklahoma, Red River, All tags... RiverWare, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, South Central CASC, Tribes and Tribal Organizations, Water Availability, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags Publication and Report: Ecosystem Water Balance in a Desert Grassland ​Abstract: Climate change predictions include warming and drying trends, which are expected to be particularly pronounced in the southwestern United States. In this region, grassland dynamics are tightly linked to available moisture, yet it has proven difficult to resolve what aspects of climate drive vegetation change. In part, this is because it is unclear how heterogeneity in soils affects plant responses to climate. Here, we combine climate and soil properties with a mechanistic soil water model to explain temporal fluctuations in perennial grass cover, quantify where and the degree to which incorporating soil water dynamics enhances our ability to understand temporal patterns, and explore the potential consequences... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags... Applications and Tools, Arizona, Big Bend ‐ Río Bravo & Lower Río Conchos Pilot Area, CA-08, CO-03, California, Chihuahua, Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado Plateau, Conservation NGOs, Data.gov Desert LCC, Datasets/Database, Decision Support, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Mexico, Mojave Desert, Mojave Desert Pilot Area, NM-02, NV-03, NV-04, New Mexico, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Publication, Report, Sonora, Sonoran Desert, TX-16, TX-23, Transboundary Madrean Watersheds Pilot Area, UT-02, UT-03, United States, User Manual, Utah, Vulnerability Assessment, biota, climate change, completed, desert southwest, ecohydrology, plants, product, soil water, vegetation change, water availability, Fewer tags Using a multiscale, probabilistic approach to identify spatial-temporal wetland gradients Wetland hydroperiod, the length of time water is available in wetlands, is sensitive to changes in precipitation, temperature and timing due to climate variation. Truncated hydroperiod has major implications for wetland-dependent species (e.g., waterfowl, amphibians) and human water allocation (PPP LCC Need 1). To characterize wetland hydroperiod in the Plains and Prairie Pothole Region, we first identify location and hydroperiod of wetlands using field-based and remotely sensed training data (RapidEye, Landsat). We define hydroperiod as wetland ephemerality, where ephemerality represents the persistence of a wetland across the growing season. We then link hydroperiod to climatic variation by relating climate time-series... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, 2012, 2013, EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LANDSCAPE, Federal resource managers, All tags... Informing Conservation Delivery, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, Landscape Conservation Cooperatives, Plains and Prairie Potholes Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Publication, Publication, Regional & county planners, Report, State agencies, climate change, completed, environment, environment, plains and prairie potholes landscape conservation cooperative, water availability, wetlands, Fewer tags Recent historical and projected (years 2006–99) areas (km2) of managed, flooded habitats used by waterbirds overwintering in Central Valley, California basins for 17 climate, urbanization, and water management scenarios Matchett and Fleskes (2018) evaluated availability of wetland and agricultural habitats used by waterbirds overwintering in the Central Valley of California under 17 scenarios of projected climate, urbanization, and water supply management (for more information about scenarios see scenario description and Table 1 in Matchett and Fleskes [2018]). Central Valley waterbird habitats investigated in this research included managed flooded wetlands and croplands and dry cropland habitats. Flooded cropland habitats are defined as winter-flooded rice, winter-flooded corn, and other winter-flooded cropland (in Tulare basin). Flooded wetlands are defined as summer-irrigated seasonal wetland, seasonal wetland that is not summer... Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Central Valley of California, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), basin, birds, climate change, All tags... cropland, habitat alteration, habitats, urbanization, water availability, water resource management, water resources, water use, waterbirds, wetland restoration, wetlands, Fewer tags Data for supplemental figure (Table A2) The dataset summarizes areas of Central Valley waterbird habitats (i.e., wetland and cropland types) that are available for each of 17 projected scenarios by planning basin, scenario, habitat, and month (August – April of the following year). The dataset also includes relatively recent (year 2005) area of habitat (i.e., “existing_km2”) for comparison with habitat areas based on scenarios. In contrast with the dataset referenced as "Table A1", which solely includes the three managed, flooded cropland habitats, cropland habitats in this dataset are defined as winter-flooded rice, unplowed dry rice, winter-flooded corn, unplowed dry corn, and other winter-flooded cropland (in Tulare basin). Wetlands are defined as... Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Central Valley of California, basin, climate change, cropland, habitat, All tags... urbanization, water availability, water management, waterbirds, wetland, wetland restoration, Fewer tags Final Report: Assessing the Drivers of Water Availability for Historic and Future Conditions in the South Central U.S. The increasing availability of climate projections provides natural resource managers and scientists with a number of scenarios from which to estimate variability in hydrologic response to future climatic conditions. This presents a need for consistent and efficient conversion of climate data into model-ready format, archiving and indexing of model simulation results, and the visualization and summation of model simulation results. Furthermore, decision-makers need this information at specific locations and for specific periods of record to effectively manage their water resources. This final report summarizes a collaborative effort to help address these issues through the construction of the Monthly Water Balance... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Consumptive Use, Data Visualization & Tools, Report: Report, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Science Tools For Managers, All tags... South Central CASC, South Central CASC, Water Availability, Water Balance Model, Water, Coasts and Ice, Fewer tags