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South of Interstate 40 mule deer reside in Game Management Units (GMU) 8 and 6B in Arizona. The herd summers in high-elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat southwest of Flagstaff, Arizona. In late October, the herd migrates west to lower elevation pinyon-juniper and shrub habitats near the junction of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 89. With funding support by the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) through Secretarial Order 3362, research on this herd’s migration began in February 2020. Additional GPS collars were deployed in January 2022 with support from the U.S. Forest Service, Mule Deer Foundation, and other partners. Primary threats to the herd’s migration involve high volume roads including Interstate...
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The Siskiyou mule deer herd migrates from winter ranges primarily north and east of Mount Shasta (i.e., Day Bench, Lake Shastina, Montague, Mount Dome, Mount Hebron, Sheep-Mahogany Mountain, Tionesta, and Wild Horse Mountain) to sprawling summer ranges scattered between the Mount Shasta Wilderness in the west and the Burnt Lava Flow Geological Area in the east. A small percentage of the herd are residents, residing largely within winter ranges across the central and northeast areas of the herd’s annual distribution. The total population size of the Siskiyou herd is unknown, but adult deer densities averaged 6.01 deer per km2 on summer ranges in 2017 and 5.16 deer per km2 on winter ranges in 2019 (Wittmer and others,...
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Mule deer within the Jackson segment of the Sublette herd winter mainly in the valley and south-facing slopes of the buttes. These geologic features are characteristic of the Jackson Hole area near Jackson, Wyoming. Winter ranges in the Jackson valley are a mixture of national forest public land as well as private urban and exurban land. The lower elevation, south-facing hillslopes are typified by stands of Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper) or mixed mountain shrub communities of Artemisia tridentata (mountain big sagebrush), Artemisia tripartite (three-tip sagebrush), Purshia tridentata (antelope bitterbrush), Amelanchier alnifolia (Saskatoon serviceberry), Symphoricarpos albus (common snowberry), chokecherry,...
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South of Interstate 40 mule deer reside in Game Management Units (GMU) 8 and 6B in Arizona. The herd summers in high-elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat southwest of Flagstaff, Arizona. In late October, the herd migrates west to lower elevation pinyon-juniper and shrub habitats near the junction of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 89. With funding support by the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) through Secretarial Order 3362, research on this herd’s migration began in February 2020. Additional GPS collars were deployed in January 2022 with support from the U.S. Forest Service, Mule Deer Foundation, and other partners. Primary threats to the herd’s migration involve high volume roads including Interstate...
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The Blue Canyon mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada south of Interstate 80. The winter range includes dense conifer and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the Blue Canyon herd migrates from their winter range eastward along two main paths both north and south of the Forest Hill Divide to higher elevation terrain near Soda Springs and the crest of the Sierra Nevada in the Granite Chief Wilderness. The summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is not well known due to limited surveys, but is considered stable...
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The Downieville-Nevada City mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada range. The winter range includes dense conifer and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the herd migrates north and east of Nevada City on both sides of the middle fork of the Yuba River, staying north of Interstate 80, to high-elevation summer range along the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The summer range is primarily mixed conifer habitat opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited survey capacity, but the population is considered stable to declining, affected primarily...
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The Downieville-Nevada City mule deer herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada range. The winter range includes dense conifer and oak woodland that is shared with a resident portion of the herd on a mix of public and private lands. In the spring, the herd migrates north and east of Nevada City on both sides of the middle fork of the Yuba River, staying north of Interstate 80, to high-elevation summer range along the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The summer range is primarily mixed conifer habitat opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited survey capacity, but the population is considered stable to declining, affected primarily...
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The Chelan mule deer herd occupies a mix of private and public lands from the Columbia River to the crest of the Cascade Range in central Washington. U.S. Highway 2, northwest of Wenatchee, Washington, serves as the southern boundary for this herd and Lake Chelan bounds the northern edge. The high-use winter range includes the southeastern shore of Lake Chelan, the breaks of the Columbia River, the lower Entiat River drainage, and the foothills east of Cashmere, Washington. In the spring, migratory individuals travel northwest into the Entiat and Chelan Mountains to their summer ranges, such as regional Wilderness areas. A small sample of Chelan mule deer was captured near the Swakane Wildlife Area in January 2020...
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Along the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Chelan and Kittitas counties, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer herd inhabits a matrix of private and public lands. Historically, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer were separated into two sub-herds, Chelan and Kittitas; however, recent movement data from GPS-collared individuals associated with Secretarial Order 3362 (Department of the Interior, 2018) revealed that the mule deer south of U.S. Highway 2 and north of Interstate 90 represent one population. Their high-use winter range extends along the foothills west and south of Wenatchee, Washington and throughout the foothills of the Kittitas Valley outside Ellensburg, Washington. The low-use winter range occurs...
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Along the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Chelan and Kittitas counties, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer herd inhabits a matrix of private and public lands. Historically, the Wenatchee Mountains mule deer were separated into two sub-herds, Chelan and Kittitas; however, recent movement data from GPS-collared individuals associated with Secretarial Order 3362 (Department of the Interior, 2018) revealed that the mule deer south of U.S. Highway 2 and north of Interstate 90 represent one population. Their high-use winter range extends along the foothills west and south of Wenatchee, Washington and throughout the foothills of the Kittitas Valley outside Ellensburg, Washington. The low-use winter range occurs...
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The Medicine Bow pronghorn population is one of the largest herds in the United States with an estimated population of 38,400 animals. The herd summers in the sagebrush steppe and grasslands of Shirley Basin, north of Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Most pronghorn migrate either west to the southern edge of the Seminoe Reservoir or north to Bates Hole, an area south of Casper, Wyoming. During harsh winters, some pronghorn migrate 65–75 miles (105–121 km) as far west as Rawlins, Wyoming. The Shirley Basin is a mostly intact landscape that is dominated by private lands, with only limited public lands along some foothill habitats. During the early 2000s, several large wind energy facilities were developed; some are in high-use...
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The Big Lake pronghorn herd resides in the White Mountains of eastern Arizona within Game Management Unit 1. Mid-March, the Big Lake pronghorn migrate, crossing the Little Colorado River approximately four miles north of River Reservoir, to their high-elevation summer range. The summer range consists primarily of high-elevation grasslands and large alpine meadows near Big Lake. Some individuals continue several miles farther south to summer near Middle Mountain. Fall migration occurs in early to mid-October, when the herd moves north to low-elevation grassland habitats west of Eagar, Arizona. The primary threat to this migration corridor is State Route 260, which experiences high traffic volume and requires crossing...
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The Kern River deer herd includes primarily California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus), but some Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis) associate with California mule deer on the summer range. The population size peaked at 11,000 individuals in 1949, but in recent decades numbers have decreased to an estimated 3,500 deer in 1995 and 2,000 deer in 2001. The population size estimate is now, conservatively, approximately 4,000 individuals owing primarily to habitat expansion by the 2001 McNally Fire (California Department of Fish and Wildlife unpublished data). The Kern River herd winters in Sequoia National Forest north of Johnsondale and east of Slate Mountain. In the spring, they migrate northward...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Manache mule deer herd contains both California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus californicus) and Inyo mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus inyoensis). The herd predominantly covers the east slopes and crest of the Sierra Nevada. Elevation stretches from 3,200 ft on the Owens Valley winter range, to above 11,000 ft on the summer ranges in Sequoia National Park. The Manache herd migrates from winter ranges just west of U.S. Route 395 on the steep slopes and valleys of the Sierra Nevada near Dunmovin and Haiwee east to some of the highest elevations in the continental United States in Inyo and Sequoia National Forests. Deer numbers were very low by 1900, attributed largely to extreme overgrazing by domestic sheep and...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Pend Oreille elk sub-herd is part of the larger Selkirk elk herd located in northeast Washington on nine Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 101, 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, 124, and 204). Elk used in this analysis were collared in GMUs 117 and 121 on winter ranges located east and west of the Huckleberry Mountain Range, along the Colville River Valley that splits the two GMUs, and west of the Pend Oreille River. In this area, private landowners manage 77 percent of the land (primarily for timber), the U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. Montane conifer forests dominate the...
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The Salt Springs herd winters in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada predominantly on private property from Tylers Corner south to Sheep Ranch. The summer range is in high-elevation terrain near Lower Bear River Reservoir and Salt Springs Reservoir. The winter range consists of mainly oak woodland habitat and the summer range includes primarily mixed conifer opening up to high alpine granite near the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The population size is unknown due to limited data. This GPS collaring project was designed as part of a region-wide effort to obtain abundance estimates for deer using fecal DNA and home range analyses, with pinpointing migration routes and identifying winter ranges a secondary priority....
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The Selkirk White-tailed Deer Management Zone (WDMZ) is home to the largest population of white-tailed deer in the state and consists of seven Game Management Units (GMU; GMUs 105, 108, 111, 113, 117, 121, and 124) located in northeast Washington. Aside from the southern portion of GMU 124, dominated by the metropolitan area of Spokane, Washington, most of these GMUs have similar rural characteristics. Private landowners manage most of the Selkirk WDMZ (77 percent), primarily for commercial timber harvest. The U.S. Forest Service manages 16 percent of the land, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, and Bureau of Land Management manage the remaining 7 percent. White-tailed deer...
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With substantial forest habitat in the Sierra Madre, the Sierra Madre elk population is one of the most productive elk herds in the state. The herd occupies typical year-round habitat for elk in Wyoming. They winter largely in expansive sagebrush growing in the foothills and at low elevations in the valley of the Little Snake River and its various drainages. In spring, most animals migrate to higher elevation forested habitat within the Sierra Madre. Like many elk herds, their seasonal migrations tend to be diffuse without a clear delineation of narrowly defined corridors; the average migration length is approximately 25 miles. Some animals migrate farther distances, with a maximum length of 62 miles, south across...
map background search result map search result map Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Stopovers Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Winter Range Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Routes California Mule Deer Blue Canyon Winter Range California Mule Deer Downieville-Nevada City Routes California Mule Deer Downieville-Nevada City Winter Range California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Mule Deer Manache Corridors California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range California Mule Deer Salt Springs Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range California Mule Deer Siskiyou Routes Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Washington Mule Deer Chelan Corridors Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Stopovers Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Winter Range Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Routes Wyoming Elk Sierra Madre Routes Wyoming Mule Deer Jackson Routes Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes California Mule Deer Manache Winter Range Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Winter Range California Mule Deer Blue Canyon Winter Range Arizona Pronghorn Big Lake Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Winter Range Wyoming Mule Deer Jackson Routes California Mule Deer Salt Springs Routes California Mule Deer Downieville-Nevada City Winter Range Arizona Mule Deer South of I 40 Stopovers California Mule Deer Kern River Stopovers California Mule Deer Downieville-Nevada City Routes California Mule Deer Manache Corridors Wyoming Elk Sierra Madre Routes Washington Mule Deer Chelan Corridors Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Winter Range Washington Elk Pend Oreille Corridors Washington White-Tailed Deer Selkirk Routes Washington Mule Deer Wenatchee Mountains Stopovers California Mule Deer Siskiyou Routes Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes