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Chapter 24 - Life on land needs fresh water (SDG 15) Terrestrial ecosystems, such as forests, and the inland waters within them, such as bogs, floodplains, lakes, rivers, springs, and wetlands, are foundational for life on earth. They provide critical ecosystem services such as carbon storage and sequestration, clean water, primary production, pollination, soil fertility, and erosion control. The human footprint on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems continues to expand, imposing pressures from deforestation, invasive species, climate change, overexploitation of species, and land conversion for agricultural production. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 (Life on Land) aims to address these changes by promoting the protection, restoration,... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Early tree regeneration response following adaptive silviculture treatments in northern hardwood ecosystems Abstract (from ScienceDirect): Climate change poses threats to forests, creating a need for adaptation to novel and changing conditions. This need has led to the creation of adaptation frameworks including the resistance, resilience, transition (RRT) framework, which proposes management strategies along a gradient of change and adaptation. Although management within this framework is grounded in theory and past management experience, little is known about how these approaches may influence regeneration, a critical phase in forest development. To address this gap, we examined five-year outcomes of treatments implemented using the RRT framework as part of the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change network in northern... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Supporting climate adaptation for rural Mekong River Basin communities in Thailand Climate change impacts on large river basins, such as the Mekong River Basin (MRB), are complex due to shared governance and interconnected socioeconomic areas, making them highly vulnerable to change. The MRB, spanning six countries including Thailand, is crucial for the food and economic security of > 60 million people. However, in 2021, Thailand was ranked as the 9th highest risk country affected by climate change. To integrate climate adaptation in Thailand's MRB, we examined the effects of climate change on rapidly developing farmer and fisher communities in northeastern Thailand and explored feasible adaptation options. Using an interdisciplinary approach that included literature review, participatory action... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest Mounting evidence shows overall insect abundances are in decline globally. Habitat loss, climate change, and pesticides have all been implicated, but their relative effects have never been evaluated in a comprehensive large-scale study. We harmonized 17 years of land use, climate, multiple classes of pesticides, and butterfly survey data across 81 counties in five states in the US Midwest. We find community-wide declines in total butterfly abundance and species richness to be most strongly associated with insecticides in general, and for butterfly species richness the use of neonicotinoid-treated seeds in particular. This included the abundance of the migratory monarch (Danaus plexippus), whose decline is the focus... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Diminishing productivity and hyperstable harvest in northern Wisconsin walleye fisheries Managing fisheries in a changing socio-ecological environment may require holistic approaches for identifying and adapting to novel ecosystem dynamics. Using 32 years of Ceded Territory of Wisconsin (CTWI) walleye (Sander vitreus) data, we estimated production (P), biomass (B), biomass turnover (P/B), yield (Y), and yield over production (Y/P) and tested for hyperstability in walleye yield. Most CTWI walleye populations showed low P, and B, and Y/P < 1. Yet, production overharvest (Y/P > 1) was prevalent among Wisconsin walleye recruitment-based management approaches (natural recruitment [NR], sustained only by stocking, combination). Production, B, and P/B have declined in NR populations, while Y and Y/P have remained... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Germination information for common Arizona restoration species Seed-based ecological restoration is an approach used to revegetate damaged and disturbed habitats by spreading seed with the expectation that germination will occur and plants will become established and flourish. Although restoration can enhance the health and productivity of landscapes by reinvigorating ecosystem services both directly and indirectly, successful restoration is difficult to achieve – particularly in arid systems (Copeland et al. 2018). Germination is a well known bottleneck to plant growth that prohibits successful restoration (James at al. 2011). Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Aquatic Cores and Buffers, CT River Watershed This dataset is a component of a complete package of products from the Connect the Connecticut project. Connect the Connecticut is a collaborative effort to identify shared priorities for conserving the Connecticut River Watershed for future generations, considering the value of fish and wildlife species and the natural ecosystems they inhabit. Click here to download the full data package, including all documentation. These datasets represent aquatic core areas and aquatic buffers, in combination with terrestrial cores and connectors they spatially represent the ecological network derived from the CTR LCD project. Lotic cores: This set of lotic (river and stream) core areas, in combination with the lotic cores... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Citation, Downloadable, Map Service; Tags: CT, Connecticut, Data, LCC Network Science Catalog, North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Data.gov, All tags... aquatic, completed, connect, core, design, lake, lakes, landscape, lentic, lotic, ponds, river, rivers, stream, streams, Fewer tags Linear-referenced Geomorphology and Relative Vulnerability to Erosion at the 2013 – 2014 conterminous U.S. Gulf of Mexico National Hydrography Dataset Coastline Coastal Mean High Water (MHW) is contoured in intertidal zones open to oceans, behind barrier coasts in bays, lagoons, and estuaries, and sometimes where tidal currents reach upstream (landward) of the embayed foreshore water bodies. In the National Geospatial Program (NGP), surface water hydrography is maintained in the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Flowline Network projects Mean High Water level (MHW) as the linear-referenced 1:24,000-scale resolution NHD Coastline (http://nhd.usgs.gov/). NHDCoastline Geomorphology and associated Risk line-event feature classes that rank the relative risk of horizontal erosion on a scale of 1 to 5 (least to most risk, respectively) have been developed using the Hydrography... Categories: Data, Data Release - In Progress, Publication; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Citation, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Shapefile; Tags: Geomorphology, Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, HEM, Hydro linked data, All tags... Hydrologically linked data, Linear-referenced, Mean High Water, NHD, National Hydrography Dataset, Risk, barrier coast, conterminous US, estuary, intertidal, line-event, Fewer tags The role of climate change in the proliferation of freshwater harmful algal blooms in inland water bodies of the United States Abstract (from AMS): Harmful algae and cyanobacteria blooms are increasing in frequency and intensity in freshwater systems due to anthropogenic impacts such as nutrient loading in watersheds and engineered alterations of natural waterways. There are multiple physical factors that affect the conditions in a freshwater system that contribute to optimal habitats for harmful algae and toxin-producing cyanobacteria. A growing body of research shows that climate change stressors also are impacting water-body conditions that favor harmful algae and cyanobacteria species over other phytoplankton. The overgrowth of these organisms, or a “bloom,” increases the opportunity for exposure to toxins by humans, companion animals,... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Structural outcomes of climate adaptation treatments in two contrasting northern temperate forests Abstract (from ScienceDirect): Forest managers require climate adaptation strategies that are regionally relevant and translatable into planning processes. Adaptation frameworks, such as the resistance, resilience, transition framework, can guide the development of these strategies. However, there are limited examples of how these concepts can be operationalized with concomitant estimates of changes in forest structural complexity and diversity, which may support adaptive capacity. To address this knowledge gap, two operational-scale, replicated experiments were studied to understand how application of the resistance, resilience, transition framework influences stand structure in two contrasting northern forests:... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Predation risk for hoary marmots in Washington’s North Cascades Mountains Declines in populations of small mammals associated with high elevations, e.g., marmots (Marmota spp.) and pikas (Ochotona spp.), have been attributed to both direct and indirect effects of environmental changes caused by humans. For example, populations of Olympic marmots (M. olympus) and Vancouver Island marmots (M. vancouverensis) have declined in response to increased predator access to high-elevation marmot habitats. In the North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA), observed mean abundance of hoary marmots (M. caligata) declined by 74% from 2007 to 2016. Although these declines have been linked to harsh winter conditions, the role of predation and its association with decreasing snowpack has yet to... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Soil amendment mitigates mortality from drought and heat waves in dryland tree juveniles Mortality of tree species around the globe is increasingly driven by hotter drought and heat waves. Tree juveniles are at risk, as well as adults, and this will have a negative effect on forest dynamics and structure under climate change. Novel management options are urgently needed to reduce this mortality and positively affect forest dynamics and structure. Potential drought-ameliorating soil amendments such as nanochitosan – a biopolymer upcycled from byproducts of the seafood industry – may provide an additional set of useful tools for reducing juvenile mortality during hotter droughts. Nanochitosan promotes water and nutrient absorption in plants but has not been tested in the context of drought and heat stress.... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Sapling recruitment as an indicator of carbon resiliency in forests of the northern USA Tree regeneration shapes forest carbon dynamics by determining long-term forest composition and structure, which suggests that threats to natural regeneration may diminish the capacity of forests to replace live tree carbon transferred to the atmosphere or other pools through tree mortality. Yet, the potential implications of tree regeneration patterns for future carbon dynamics have been sparsely studied. We used forest inventory plots to investigate whether the composition of existing tree regeneration is consistent with aboveground carbon stock loss, replacement, or gain for forests across the northeastern and midwestern USA, leveraging a recently developed method to predict the likelihood of sapling recruitment... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Información de germinación para especies comunes de restauración de Arizona La restauración ecológica basada en semillas es un enfoque utilizado para revegetar hábitats dañados y perturbados mediante la dispersión de semillas con la expectativa de que ocurra la germinación y las plantas se establezcan y prosperen. Aunque la restauración puede mejorar la salud y productividad de los paisajes al revitalizar los servicios ecosistémicos tanto directa como indirectamente, lograr una restauración exitosa es difícil de lograr, especialmente en sistemas áridos (Copeland et al., 2018). La germinación es un cuello de botella bien conocido para el crecimiento de las plantas que dificulta una restauración exitosa (James et al., 2011). Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Linear-referenced Geomorphology and Relative Vulnerability to Erosion at the 2013 – 2014 conterminous U.S. Pacific Ocean National Hydrography Dataset Coastline Coastal Mean High Water (MHW) is contoured in intertidal zones open to oceans, behind barrier coasts in bays, lagoons, and estuaries, and sometimes where tidal currents reach upstream (landward) of the embayed foreshore water bodies. In the National Geospatial Program (NGP), surface water hydrography is maintained in the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Flowline Network projects Mean High Water level (MHW) as the linear-referenced 1:24,000-scale resolution NHD Coastline (http://nhd.usgs.gov/). NHDCoastline Geomorphology and associated Risk line-event feature classes that rank the relative risk of horizontal erosion on a scale of 1 to 5 (least to most risk, respectively) have been developed using the Hydrography... Categories: Data, Data Release - In Progress, Publication; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Citation, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: California, Geomorphology, HEM, Hydro linked data, Hydrographically linked data, All tags... Hydrologically linked data, Line event, Linear-referenced, Mean High Water, NHD, National Hydrography Dataset, Oregon, Pacific, Puget Sound, Risk, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, barrier coast, coast, conterminous US, estuary, intertidal, line-event, Fewer tags Using native plants to control buffelgrass Here, we explore if there is a relationship between variation in seed size or seed mass and germination percentage across commonly used restoration species and within function group (i.e., grasses and forbs). Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Northwest CASC Cycle 1 Report (2017-2023) The Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center (NW CASC) delivers science to help fish, wildlife, water, land and people adapt to a changing climate. The Center combines academic expertise with federal resources to advance climate science development and delivery for managers and policy makers across Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Western Montana. The University of Washington became the host of the NW CASC in August 2017, leading a consortium including Boise State University, University of Montana, Washington State University and Western Washington University. In Year 3 of its first funding cycle, the NW CASC expanded to bring on Oregon State University as its sixth consortium institution. The NW CASC Consortium... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Benthic cyanobacterial proliferations drive anatoxin production throughout the Klamath River watershed, California, USA Blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria are an enduring public health threat in lakes and rivers. In addition to more commonly studied planktonic taxa in lakes, attached cyanobacteria covering riverbeds and lake littoral zones can produce anatoxins, potent neurotoxins of growing concern. However, relative to planktonic blooms, the geographical and temporal extent and ecology of anatoxin-producing benthic cyanobacteria are poorly documented. To increase understanding of the distribution of these cyanobacteria and their relationships with physicochemical variables, we surveyed sites throughout the Klamath River watershed in Northern California, USA, for anatoxins from benthic mats. We used visual surveys, composite... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation Using climate-fire analog mapping to inform climate change adaptation strategies for wildland fire in protected areas of the conterminous US Abstract (from ScienceDirect): Potential changes in wildland fire regimes due to anthropogenic climate change can be projected using data from climate models, but directly applying these meteorological variables to long-term planning and adaptive management activities may be difficult for decision makers. Analog mapping, in contrast, creates more intuitive assessments of changing fire regimes that also recognize the complex, multivariate, and multi-scalar nature of ecosystems. Here, we use data from 20 downscaled climate models under two climate forcing scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5), to identify and map future climate-fire analogs for 655 protected areas in the conterminous U.S.... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation