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Studies of nearshore environmental health by the USGS focus on the interface between health and the environment, where interactions among people, the environment, and other living organisms affect the risk of toxicological and infectious disease. Understanding nearshore ecosystem health is complex, in part, because it is affected by a wide variety of environmental and anthropogenic stressors. The nearshore environment serves a variety of functions such as habitat for plants and animals as well as a variety of human activities. The introduction of contaminants can deteriorate these aquatic resources through degradation of ambient water quality. Contaminants introduced in this manner may accumulate in the sediments...
Scientific information, when reliably obtained and wisely applied, can strengthen our efforts to build resilient coastal communities before storms strike, and guide our response and recovery strategies after landfall. Documenting the height, extent, and timing of overland storm tide and wave dynamics across natural and man-made landscapes, is critical for improved storm-surge modeling for floodplain mapping and real-time forecasting. This leads to better planning, more effective early warning of storm-driven flooding, and strengthening of coastal resilience. The USGS Surge, Wave, and Tide Hydrodynamics (SWaTH) Network developed for the Northeastern Atlantic coast provides critical information on nearshore storm...
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Problem The shallow groundwater of Nassau and Suffolk Counties is prone to contamination from current land-use, including agricultural, residential, and recreational. The aquifer system of Long Island is highly susceptible to human-derived contamination, in particular, because the soils and underlying sediments are generally composed of sandy, permeable materials that allow contaminants to move readily from the land surface into the groundwater below. Of increasing concern are the human-derived contaminants stemming from past and present uses of pesticides. In addition to the threat of direct runoff to adjacent waterbodies, pesticide transport through the shallow aquifer from inland sources may discharge to the...
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Summary: This study aims to do a thorough analysis of trends in peak streamflows on Long Island. Reliable information about the magnitude and frequency of floods is essential for flood insurance studies, flood-plain management, and the design of transportation and water-conveyance infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, culverts, dams, and levees. Federal, State, regional, and local officials need peak flow information to effectively plan and manage land use and water resources, protect lives and property in flood-prone areas, and determine flood-insurance rates, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Long Island is a regional economic driver which has experienced public health and safety issues due to extreme...
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Introduction Ongoing efforts to improve the health of New York's South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) require continuously recorded water-quality data to understand the short-term effects of stormwater runoff and other pollution sources. To document the diel and tidal variability of water quality in the western bays of the SSER, the USGS monitors select physical and chemical parameters at two sites within the SSER. One site, station 01310740 on Reynolds Channel at Point Lookout, is near the estuary mouth and operated in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and Town of Hempstead Department of Conservation & Waterways. The second, station 01311143...
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Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) is located on the barrier island along the extreme southern shore of western and central Suffolk County, New York. Interspersed throughout FIIS are seventeen residential beach communities that in the summer months greatly increase in population due to the arrival of summer residents and vacationers. Wastewater from the numerous homes and businesses in the barrier island communities generally is discharged directly into the shallow ground-water system through use of private septic systems. Contaminants entering the ground-water system can pose a threat to coastal habitats, as they are transported by ground water that discharges to ocean and estuary shorelines. In October 2004,...
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This data release contains the input, output, and model code used to run a transient simulation of a previously published (Walter and others, 2020) steady-state regional model of Long Island, N.Y. The original model code was updated to MODFLOW 6 (version 6.3.0) and incorporates monthly transient stress periods to simulate conditions from 2005-2019 following methods described in Walter and others (2020). Selected remedial stresses (groundwater extraction and return) were incorporated for select locations in southeastern Nassau County. No modifications were made to the hydrologic boundaries, model layers, or hydraulic properties specified in the original model. A uniform value of 0.25 was used to represent specific...
Beach and barrier dynamics for the Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes can vary extensively based on the sedimentary environments of these systems. Likewise, the settings can be complex and include components of mainland beachs, barrier islands and dunes, tidal flats and barrier platforms, salt marshes and lagoons, ponds, alluvial fans and inlet deltas, to name a few. The combination of wave, tidal, and storm impacts to coastal morphology also can differ by geographic location. However, barrier islands and spits may be the most vulnerable to changing sedimentary conditions due to human intervention, periodic extreme storms, and accelerating sea-level rise. The USGS is working to enhance mapping of these dynamic settings...
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The coastal areas of southeastern New York (fig. 1) are highly vulnerable to tidal flooding (fig. 2). Timely evacuation of people from flood-threatened areas in advance of approaching hurricanes and nor'easters (northeast coastal storms) requires adequate flood-warning time. To begin addressing this need for immediate information on coastal flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Town of Hempstead Department of Conservation & Waterways, Village of Freeport, and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, has operated a network of real-time tidal water-elevation and meteorological stations since 1997 in the coastal areas of Long Island and New York City. Each tidal water-elevation...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Climate Impacts, Climate Impacts, Climate impacts, Coastal Science, Coastal Science, All tags...
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Hurricane Sandy has created three open breaches in the barrier island system along the south shore of Long Island, N.Y. In response, the National Park Service has sought assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New York Water Science Center (NYWSC) to help evaluate the open breach condition in Federal Wilderness near the Old Inlet area of Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y. The NYWSC evaluation is initially focusing on two activities: measurement of water velocities and depths within the Wilderness breach, and collection of water levels within Great South Bay (GSB) adjacent to the breach. Measurement of water velocities and depths within the Wilderness breach is being done with a Sontek 1 M9 acoustic...
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Problem The presence of pathogens in Long Island marine embayments and the hazards they pose to marine resources and human health is of increasing concern. Many waterbodies on the New York State Section 303(d) List of Impaired Waters have pathogens listed as the primary pollutant that are suspected to originate from urban/storm runoff. There is neither a clear understanding of the relative magnitude and geographic origin of sources of loadings of pathogens (from urban/storm runoff, submarine groundwater discharge, etc) on Long Island, nor clear understanding about the host organisms from which they originate (such as human, mammals, or birds). Pathogen loads to specific embayments are affected by watershed land-use,...
The NYWSC carries out multidisciplinary science activities across the State’s diverse coastal waters and landscapes on the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, including the many interconnected waterways, the barrier beaches that form and erode continually, the open waterways that are prone to the effects of major storms and hurricanes, and upland surface-water and groundwater source areas. These areas are also some of the most productive ecosystems in the State and host most of the population and economic development of the State. As a result, the interplay of environmental- and human-health concerns is a prominent thread that connects much of the coastal science activities of the USGS and involves cooperation not...
Coastal planners and resources managers require information about potential future climate and land-use changes for nearshore areas, in terms that are relevant for the human and natural environments that are likely to be affected by climate change. The collection and synthesis of climate and climate-derived data sets, as well as, land-use and impervious-area data would allow practitioners to analyze and visualize a coastal area's potential impacts caused by future climate and land-use changes. The USGS studies climate and land-changes to provide the tools to understand a changing world and how it impacts our natural resources, our livelihoods, and our communities. Planners and resource managers use a variety of...
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Introduction Mosquitoes are the principle vector of the West Nile Virus (WNV) which causes infections in humans and animals and has emerged as a public health threat throughout Long Island, NY. The WNV was first detected among birds and mosquitoes by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) in 2000. In response to the public health concern, the USGS in cooperation with the SCDHS, began a 3-year study in 2002 to sample surface waters in selected wetlands for insecticides which were sprayed seasonally from a truck or helicopter as part of the county's vector-control program. These insecticides include Altosid (methoprene) and Scourge [1:3 ratio of resmethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO)]. Methoprene...
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Problem The groundwater supply of Nassau and Suffolk Counties is prone to contamination from past and current land uses, including practices related to agriculture, industry, and residential development, because the soils and underlying sediments are generally composed of sandy, permeable materials that allow contaminants to move readily from the land surface into the groundwater below. Of increasing concern are the human-derived contaminants stemming from on-site disposal of residential wastewater and industrial processes. The centralized distribution of water through purveyors to most residents provides them with a reliable source of potable water that is consistently monitored at the wellhead. However, increased...
As a Science Topic for New York Water Science Center’s (NYWSC) Coastal Science Capability Team, Flood Hazards includes documenting and analyzing flood data for the Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes and their many interconnected waterways. In cooperation with State and local organizations, the NYWSC is working to sustain and enhance vital flood-warning networks. The NYWSC leverages its institutional knowledge and that of its partners (like the National Weather Service) to provide regional and local emergency managers with timely information on flood hazards, including statistics such as annual exceedance probabilities (for example, on 100-year-recurrence-interval coastal-flood events). Results are disseminated through...
Wetlands provide numerous ecological and economic benefits to coastal communities having value as nursery, feeding, and refuge areas for many commercial and recreational fisheries, and they significantly contribute to the base of the food web. Wetlands trap sediments, reduce turbidity, and absorb nutrients and pollutants thereby improving water quality. They also provide an important buffer against wave energy from coastal storms; however, these benefits are deteriorating with the health of these ecosystems. Wetland health and sustainability are dependent on several factors including hydrology, sediment flux, vegetation, nutrient inputs, coastal development, and invasive species. Over the past several decades...
    map background search result map search result map Simulation of the Shallow Ground-Water Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York Southeastern New York Tide-Telemetry and Coastal-Flood-Warning System Monitoring of Waterways for Mosquito Insecticides, Suffolk County, New York Evaluation of a barrier-island breach created by Hurricane Sandy at Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y. South Shore Estuary Reserve Total Maximum Daily Load Monitoring Sentinel Monitoring for New and Legacy Pesticides in the Shallow Groundwater of Long Island Using Microbial Source Tracking to Identify Pollution Sources in Pathogen Impaired Embayments in Long Island, New York Sentinel Monitoring of Groundwater for Contaminants of Emerging Concern to Provide Advanced Warning for Supply Wells on Long Island, New York An Analysis of Trends in the Magnitude of Floods in Urbanized Watersheds on Long Island, New York MODFLOW 6 Model Scenario used to Simulate Transient Stresses, Heads, and Flows in the Regional Aquifer System of Long Island, New York, 2005-2019 Simulation of the Shallow Ground-Water Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York Using Microbial Source Tracking to Identify Pollution Sources in Pathogen Impaired Embayments in Long Island, New York Monitoring of Waterways for Mosquito Insecticides, Suffolk County, New York Sentinel Monitoring for New and Legacy Pesticides in the Shallow Groundwater of Long Island Sentinel Monitoring of Groundwater for Contaminants of Emerging Concern to Provide Advanced Warning for Supply Wells on Long Island, New York An Analysis of Trends in the Magnitude of Floods in Urbanized Watersheds on Long Island, New York Evaluation of a barrier-island breach created by Hurricane Sandy at Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y. MODFLOW 6 Model Scenario used to Simulate Transient Stresses, Heads, and Flows in the Regional Aquifer System of Long Island, New York, 2005-2019 Southeastern New York Tide-Telemetry and Coastal-Flood-Warning System South Shore Estuary Reserve Total Maximum Daily Load Monitoring