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Development of oil and gas wells leads to the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitat. Oil and gas wells also increase noise levels which has been shown to be detrimental to some wildlife species. Therefore, the density of oil and gas wells in the western United States was modeled based on data obtained from the National Oil and Gas Assessment.
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Identification of genes underlying genomic signatures of natural selection is key to understanding adaptation to local conditions. We used targeted resequencing to identify SNP markers in 5321 candidate adaptive genes associated with known immunological, metabolic and growth functions in ovids and other ungulates. We selectively targeted 8161 exons in protein-coding and nearby 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of chosen candidate genes. Targeted sequences were taken from bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) exon capture data and directly from the domestic sheep genome (Ovis aries v. 3; oviAri3). The bighorn sheep sequences used in the Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) exon capture aligned to 2350 genes on the oviAri3 genome...
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This dataset is a running trend analysis of baseflow from USGS stream gage records from as early as 1911 to 2016 for 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. First, we separated mean daily flow into direct run‐off and baseflow with the “lfstat” separation procedure in R, which employs the Institute of Hydrology (1980) standard baseflow separation procedure of 5‐day blocks to identify minimum flow, called a turning point. The turning points are then connected to obtain the baseflow hydrograph. For each stream, Sen's slope and Mann–Kendall statistic were calculated incrementally using the R package “trend” to give window sizes from 10‐107 years depending...
This model is based on how house cats utilize wildlands near human habituation. These predators can have detrimental effects on wildlife populations (Alterio et al. 1998). We based our model on the data collected by Odell and Knight (2001) that investigated habitat utilization of these predators with regard to distance from housing and on the probability for a homeowner to possess a house cat. We buffered the populated areas distance layer in ARC/INFO using a probability function [P = 0.216 - 0.96 * Distance (km)] where any cell with distance less than 0.18km received a probability between 0.216 to 0. All distances greater than or equal to 0.18km from populated areas were assigned a probability of 0. The resulting...
Abstract: "Oil and natural gas development in the Intermountain West region of North America has expanded over the last 2 decades, primarily within sagebrush dominated landscapes. Although the effects of energy development on high-profile game species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been documented, studies examining responses of non-game birds are lacking. Simultaneously, many songbirds that breed within sagebrush steppe habitats have shown range-wide population declines that are likely due to widespread habitat loss and alteration. We evaluated songbird abundance and species richness across gradients of oil and natural gas development intensity, as indexed by well density, at 3...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: WLCI Related Publication
The topographic accessibility index is a measure of elevation in relation to valley floor corrected for variation in valley floor elevation across the western United States (i.e., valley floor elevation at California's coast is much lower compared to a valley floor in Wyoming). This index was based on 90-m resolution digital elevation model grids (DEM; National Elevation Dataset, USGS EROS [Earth Resources Observation Systems],3), and a landform model of the western United States (Manis et al. 2001), which delineates valley flats and near level plateaus or terraces (cell values, 1 or 4). We reclassified the landform model (cell value, 1) and multiplied this layer by the DEM to derive valley floor elevation. Using...
Density of linear features, such as roads, power lines, telephone lines, and railroad tracks have been shown to influence synanthropic predator abundance patterns (Knight et al. 1995). Following Knight et al. (1995), we used linear features such as roads, railroads, and power line spatial data sets, but also included irrigation canals, to build a linear features spatial data set. However, we lacked spatial data on telephone and feeder-power lines and therefore our linear feature spatial data set vastly underestimates the number of linear features in some areas.
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This dataset is a running trend analysis of runoff from USGS stream gage records from as early as 1911 to 2016 for 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands: Kauai, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. First, we separated mean daily flow into direct run‐off and baseflow with the “lfstat” separation procedure in R, which employs the Institute of Hydrology (1980) standard baseflow separation procedure of 5‐day blocks to identify minimum flow, called a turning point. The turning points are then connected to obtain the baseflow hydrograph. For each stream, Sen's slope and Mann–Kendall statistic were calculated incrementally using the R package “trend” to give window sizes from 10‐107 years depending...
This is a map of populated areas with population density greater than or equal to 1 individual/ha (i.e., rural/exurban but including suburban and urban as defined by Marzluff et al. 2001) as determined from U.S. Census data corrected for public lands.
Humans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion, construction of roads, power lines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. We developed the map of the human footprint for the western United States from an analysis of 14 landscape structure and anthropogenic features: human habitation, interstate highways, federal and state highways, secondary roads, railroads, irrigation canals, power lines, linear feature densities, agricultural land, campgrounds, highway...
This is a map of populated areas with population density greater than or equal to 1 individual/ha (i.e., rural/exurban but including suburban and urban as defined by Marzluff et al. 2001) as determined from U.S. Census data corrected for public lands.
This model was constructed to model the risk of invasion by exotic plant species. Roads may directly influence exotic plant dispersal via disturbance during road construction or via alterations in soil regimes. For example, in Californian serpentine soil ecosystems, exotic plant species can be found up to 1km from the nearest road and Russian thistle (Salsola kali), an exotic forb growing along roads, is wind-dispersed over distances greater than 4km. Roads may also indirectly facilitate the dispersal of exotic grasses, such as crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), via human seeding along road verges or in burned areas near roads as a management strategy to curb the establishment of less desirable exotic grass...
Locations of landfills and waste transfer stations in 11 western states. Data was obtained from state and federal agencies in GIS, tabular, and map format.
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Methane (CH4) emissions from the northern high-latitude region represent potentially significant biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system. We compiled a database of growing-season CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems located across permafrost zones, including 303 sites described in 65 studies. Data on environmental and physical variables, including permafrost conditions, were used to assess controls on CH4 emissions. Water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition strongly influenced emissions and had interacting effects. Sites with a dense sedge cover had higher emissions than other sites at comparable water table positions, and this was an effect that was more pronounced at low soil...
Human-induced fires have increased the frequency at which fires occur on the landscape. Fires increase the probability of invasion by exotic plant species as well as destroy existing habitats. This model was developed to depict the density of human caused fire ignition points throughout the western United States. Data from the National Fire Ignition Database from 1986 to 2001 was used to calculate the density of human-induced fire ignitions (ignitions / km).
This map depicts the forested regions in the western United States. Data was obtained from the the Sagestitch map and other state-level GAP land cover maps and merged into 90m raster dataset.
map background search result map search result map Probability of Synanthropic Feral House Cat Presence in the Western United States Exotic Plant Invasion Risk in the Western United States Human Caused Fire Density in the Western United States (1986 - 2001) Forested Areas in the Western United States The Human Footprint in the West All Interstates in the Western United States Landfills in the Western United States Density of Line Features in the Western United States Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the western United States (1989-2002) Oil and Gas Well Density in the Western United States Populated Areas in the Western United States Populated Areas in the Western United States Soil Depth in the Western United States All State and Federal Highways in the Western United States Topographic Accessibility Index SNP discovery in candidate adaptive genes using exon capture in a free-ranging alpine ungulate Running trend analysis for mean annual baseflow from 1911 to 2016 for 23 streams across the Hawaiian Islands Running trend analysis for mean annual runoff from 1911 to 2016 for 23 streams across the Hawaiian Islands Running trend analysis for mean annual baseflow from 1911 to 2016 for 23 streams across the Hawaiian Islands Running trend analysis for mean annual runoff from 1911 to 2016 for 23 streams across the Hawaiian Islands The Human Footprint in the West Exotic Plant Invasion Risk in the Western United States Density of Line Features in the Western United States Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the western United States (1989-2002) Human Caused Fire Density in the Western United States (1986 - 2001) Landfills in the Western United States All Interstates in the Western United States All State and Federal Highways in the Western United States Forested Areas in the Western United States Probability of Synanthropic Feral House Cat Presence in the Western United States Oil and Gas Well Density in the Western United States Topographic Accessibility Index SNP discovery in candidate adaptive genes using exon capture in a free-ranging alpine ungulate Populated Areas in the Western United States Populated Areas in the Western United States Soil Depth in the Western United States