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The data in this release describe various aspects of the impacts of urbanization on evapotranspiration at local to global spatial scales. This data release is associated with the publication of these results in a concurrent journal article. Analyses in the journal article included comparisons between urban and non-urban ET in a variety of climate settings and spatial scales. Urbanization has been shown to locally increase the nighttime temperatures creating urban heat islands, which partly arise due to evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. It is unclear how the direction and magnitude of the change in local ET due to urbanization varies globally across different climatic regimes. This knowledge gap is critical, both...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Land Use Change,
Remote Sensing,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
World,
evapotranspiration,
SPARROW model dataset for total suspended solids in North Carolina, including simulated stream loads
To better understand the influence of human activities and natural processes on surface-water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed the SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) (Schwarz and others, 2006; Alexander and others, 2008) model. The framework is used to relate water-quality monitoring data to sources and watershed characteristics that affect the fate and transport of constituents to receiving surface-water bodies. The core of the model consists of using a nonlinear-regression equation to describe the non-conservative transport of contaminants from point and nonpoint sources on land to rivers, lakes and estuaries through the stream and river network. In North Carolina,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: North Carolina (state),
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
surface water quality
This dataset consists of measurements of the digestive gland in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis orally exposed to uranium. The objective of the study was to assess the morphological effects of uranium on the snail digestive gland by light microscopy. Laboratory-cultured L stagnalis were exposed to either synthetic or natural solid phases of uranium and a subset (6 controls and 6 exposed) were euthanized and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological assessment. Slides were processed and stained with hematoxalin and eosin as per standard procedure (Luna 1968). The size of each sample, the length and width of digestive gland tubules (5 random glands per sample) and height of digestive cells...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Environmental Health,
Lymnaea stagnalis,
Madison, Wisconsin,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wildlife Biology,
The point data file ("Soda Fire Point and Pasture Data (2016).Point Data.csv") includes 2016 vegetative cover values of exotic annual grass and perennial grass measured within three different types of plots for 75 pastures in the Soda Fire, which burned in 2015: 6m² plot using a grid-point intercept photo software, SamplePoint (Booth et al. 2006), 1m² quadrat using an unguided rapid ocular estimate in the field, 531m² circular plot using an unguided rapid ocular estimate in the field. Smaller plots were nested within larger plots. The pasture data file ("Soda Fire Point and Pasture Data (2016).Pasture Data.csv") includes pasture level metrics of area, elevation, precipitation, slope, heatload, soils, and herbicide...
Five principal components are used to represent the climate variation in an original set of 12 composite climate variables reflecting complex precipitation and temperature gradients. The dataset provides coverage for future climate (defined as the 2040-2070 normal period) under the RCP4.5 emission scenarios. Climate variables were chosen based on their known influence on local adaptation in plants, and include: mean annual temperature, summer maximum temperature, winter minimum temperature, annual temperature range, temperature seasonality (coefficient of variation in monthly average temperatures), mean annual precipitation, winter precipitation, summer precipitation, proportion of summer precipitation, precipitation...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Colorado Plateau,
Great Basin,
This Benthic Invertebrate Community Analysis dataset, a conceptual subgroup of the Lake Erie Ecological Investigations (LEEI) dataset, focuses on the benthic invertebrates sampled at Areas of Concern (AOCs) on Lake Erie. Per the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), the invertebrate samples were taken from sediments remaining from the sediment analysis. Identification of the invertebrates was completed by the same invertebrate taxonomist for both the 1998-2000 evaluation and 1986-87 historical evaluation (Smith et al. 1994) for increased consistency. Oligochaetes were identified to species if possible, chironomids were identified to genus, as adult specimens are needed for specific identification, and other taxa...
Five principal components are used to represent the climate variation in an original set of 12 composite climate variables reflecting complex precipitation and temperature gradients. The dataset provides coverage for future climate (defined as the 2040-2070 normal period) under the RCP8.5 emission scenarios. Climate variables were chosen based on their known influence on local adaptation in plants, and include: mean annual temperature, summer maximum temperature, winter minimum temperature, annual temperature range, temperature seasonality (coefficient of variation in monthly average temperatures), mean annual precipitation, winter precipitation, summer precipitation, proportion of summer precipitation, precipitation...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Colorado Plateau,
Great Basin,
All gillnet data represented here expand upon vessel operations (OP table) data, all of which are collected by the United States Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center and its partners. The Gillnet Tables contain data collected from the research vessel deploying various gear used for gillnet data collection. The database uses sample_type to indicate the gear deployed. The tables relating to Gillnet are: GN_Annulus.csv, GN_Catch.csv, GN_Effort.csv, GN_Fish.csv, GN_L, GN_LF.csv, GN_OP.csv, GN_Prey.csv, GN_Stomach.csv, LMMB_Fish_Prey.csv, and LMMB_Invert_Prey.csv Data Quality: Note that the following data release is a snapshot of the database at the time of release. Some data quality checks are still being...
Zebra and quagga mussel veligers were exposed to eleven distinct cultures (isolates) of cyanobacteria representing Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Planktothrix species and the cyanotoxin microcystin to determine the lethality of cyanobacteria on dreissenid veligers. Six-day laboratory bioassays were performed in microplates using dreissenid veligers collected from the Detroit River, Michigan, USA. Veligers were exposed to increasing concentrations of cyanobacteria and microcystin using the green algae Chlorella minutissima as a control. Raw data were fit to dose response curves formulated from a Probit model to calculate LC50 values. This data release presents the raw data summarized and...
Long-term monitoring of stream-bed sediments reveals spatial and temporal trends in metal concentrations. Here we use concentration gradient “heat maps” as a visualization tool to report annual mean arsenic, cadmium and copper concentrations along a contamination gradient in the Clark Fork River (CFR) in Western Montana. The CFR has been heavily impacted by large-scale mining operations since the 19th century. Legacy mine waste and tailings have been deposited within the streambed, banks, and floodplains more than 200 kilometers downstream. Sieved sediment samples (<63µm) have been collected at 10 stations along a 200 kilometer contamination gradient annually since 1996. Ongoing remediation activities in the upper...
Categories: Data;
Types: Data;
Tags: Clark Fork River,
Metals,
Sediment,
Trace-element,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
As part of a NASA-funded study of diurnal thermal imaging at a Mars analog site, we conducted simultaneous oblique thermal imaging and in situ temperature measurements within two regions of interest on the Pisgah lava field, near Ludlow, California. Both regions of interest contained either cave or cave-like alcoves. Data released in this report was collected from 03/23/2010 to 03/25/2010. The experiment was conducted at Pisgah lava field, which is located about 175 miles northeast of Los Angeles on Bureau of Land Management lands. Consisting of Quaternary basaltic lava and a cinder cone superimposed on alluvial deposits and lacustrine sediments of Lavic Lake playa (Dibblee, 1966), the flow is approximately 21,000...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Ludlow,
Pisgah Crater,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
USGS:609aa8a3d34ea221ce36e98c,
These data include 217 median groundwater elevations computed from compiled measurements made in the year 2010 within the transboundary Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos Basin, United States and Mexico, along with their corresponding interpolated groundwater elevations and standard errors from the application of kriging. Of the 217 median groundwater elevation locations, 109 were in the United States and 108 were in Mexico. Considered measurements were limited to wells thought to be completed in the basin-fill/Santa Fe Group aquifer based on well records. This dataset includes a comma-separated values file (Control_points.csv) that provides the median groundwater elevations that were kriged to yield rasters of estimated groundwater...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Chihuahua (state),
Dona Ana county (county),
Hydrology,
New Mexico (state),
Texas (state),
This data release is currently being revised and is temporarily unavailable. Please contact rhkent@usgs.gov with any immediate requests. The U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (USGS GAMA-PBP) collected samples to be analyzed for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from domestic and public supply wells from May 2019 to September 2020. The datasets presented here include identification of the 28 PFAS constituents monitored by the project, Identification and brief characterization of the 211 GAMA-PBP wells for which samples were analyzed for PFAS during the study period, and analytical results for those groundwater samples, along with results for quality...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Colusa County,
Environmental Health,
Geochemistry,
Humboldt County,
Three regression models were developed for describing variability of host-specific flux data in eight Great Lakes tributaries. Models include one for Lachnospiraceae flux, one for human bacteroides flux, and one for ruminant bacteroides flux. Models were developed using the R project for statistical computing with core functionality and the survival, smwrBase, and smwrQW packages. Predictor variables for these models are included in the data file and input files provided. These include sampling dates and times, rainfall depth, percent of watershed underlain by tile drainage, cattle population (for the ruminant marker model) and human population (for the human marker models). Sample collection and laboratory analyses...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Bacteria,
Great Lakes Region,
Regression analysis,
Surface water quality,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
At recent technical conferences, many coal geoscientists in academia and government institutions as well as in industry organizations have expressed concern about the dwindling number of students and young staff members interested in careers in coal geoscience. To better understand what is driving these trends and to identify potential ways that the community can increase interest and participation in coal geoscience, two different surveys were sent to 94 coal geoscientists who were current or past members of The Society of Organic Petrology (TSOP) in February 2020. As the trends and perceptions in industry and government organizations may be different than in universities, one distinct survey was sent to members...
This dataset utilized available water-quality data from the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and streamflow from the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads and changes in loads from water years 2008 through 2018. Nutrient loads and changes in loads were estimated at 22 state ambient water-quality network sites, and were estimated using LOADEST regression models, Beale-Ratio Estimator, or WRTDS (Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season). The method selected is based on the evaluation of the flux-bias statistic and use of multiple graphical tools through EGRET to identify and characterize issues with particular models for each given dataset and is included...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Mississippi,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
Water Quality,
annual loads,
This data set contains historical data on concentrations of total and dissolved organic carbon in Massachusetts streams from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) database. The data were compiled from NWIS using site and sample selection criteria to retrieve all publicly available data from surface-water samples that contained analysis of both total and dissolved organic carbon. The data set was screened, as much as possible from the site and sample description information in NWIS, to retain only routine environmental samples from stream sites. The final data set consists of 223 samples from 52 sites and were collected from 1978 to 2007.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Massachusetts,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
surface water quality
This data release contains the boundaries of assessment units, assessment input data and resulting fact sheet data tables for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Mesozoic petroleum systems of the Central European Basin System. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations...
This data release provides the georeferenced boundaries that delimit each spatial unit of the Great Lakes Regional Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (GLGap) Coastal Hydrospatial Framework at each spatial scale from the local 90m cell to the entire Laurentian Great Lakes system and from the shoreline to the deepest offshore waters. The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collaborated to design a universal framework of spatial areas that encompass all space of the Laurentian Great Lakes proper. Agglomeration of the finest units (90m cells) form coarser, broader scale units. Finer units are nested within the coarser units at six spatial scales, labeled as Local Cells, Aquatic Habitat Areas, Coastal...
We investigated fine-scale genetic patterns of the federally threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus) on a relatively undisturbed island in northern Michigan, USA. This species often persists in habitat islands throughout much of its distribution due to extensive habitat loss and distance-limited dispersal. These data are from 102 individual Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes sampled at Bois Blanc Island, Michigan and genotyped at 15 microsatellite loci. Samples were collected as part of a study to examine functional connectivity for the Eastern Massasauga. We found that the entire island population exhibited weak genetic structuring with spatially segregated variation in effective migration...
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