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Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface-water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface-water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface-water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine...
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We characterized seafloor sediment conditions near the mouth of the Elwha River from underwater photographs taken every four hours from September 2011 to December 2013. A digital camera was affixed to a tripod that was deployed in approximately 10 meters of water (Tripod location from September 2011 to April 2013: 48.15333, -123.55931; tripod location from April 2013 to December 2013: 48.15407, -123.55444). Each photograph was qualitatively characterized as one of six categories: (1) base, or no sediment; (2) low sediment; (3) medium sediment; (4) high sediment; (5) turbid; or (6) kelp. For base conditions, no sediment was present on the seafloor. Low sediment conditions were characterized by a light dusting of...
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Bathymetric survey data of the Brandon Road Dam spillway was collected on May 27 and May 28, 2015 by the US Geological Survey (USGS) using Trimble Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) equipment. The base station was set up over a temporarily installed survey pin on both days. This pin was surveyed into an existing NGS benchmark (PID: BBCN12) within the Brandon Road Lock property. In wadeable sections, a GPS rover with 2.0 meter range pole and flat-foot was deployed. In sections unable to be waded, a 2.0 meter range pole was fix-mounted to a jon boat, and a boat-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used to collect the depth data. ADCP depth data were reviewed in the WinRiver II...
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Acetylene fermentation assays, nitrogen fixation assays, and growth studies were performed with Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93 and Pelobacter acetylenicus DSM3246. Data includes concentrations of acetylene and ethylene over time, and growth measured with OD680 and cell counts.
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This USGS Data Release supports USGS Scientific Investigations Report (SIR) 2017-5079. Following is the abstract from SIR 2017-5079: This report documents methodology and results of a study to evaluate groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration (GWET) in sparsely vegetated areas of Amargosa Desert and improve understanding of hydrologic-continuum processes controlling groundwater discharge. Evapotranspiration and GWET rates were computed and characterized at three sites over 2 years using a combination of micrometeorological, unsaturated zone, and stable-isotope measurements. One site (Amargosa Flat Shallow [AFS]) was in a sparse and isolated area of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) where the depth to groundwater...
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This dataset consists of point cloud data collected in 2016 and 2017 of the lower and upper Scenic Drive landslide locations in La Honda, California. Point cloud data were collected in 2016 to establish baseline for movement detection of past landslides. Point cloud data were collected in 2017 adjacent and upslope of 2016 data to document a newly formed landslide. The data were collected with a Riegl VZ400 Terrestrial Laser Scanner and georeferenced using a Leica Viva GS15 survey grade GPS. The data are delivered as georeferenced (NAD83 UTM zone 10N ellipsoid) classified point clouds, 5 cm resolution digital elevation models, and a text file of surveyed GPS control points. The included files are: LH2017_Jan.laz...
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Temporal and spatial sources of silica for chert remain poorly constrained. Modern sources to the worlds oceans include silica in rivers > aeolian (dust) deposition > sea floor vents and submarine weathering. However, changes in aridity and dust flux during the Phanerozoic may explain variations in the ocean silica cycle and times and places of chert formation. The chemistry of fine quartz dust (FQD) provides a chemical mechanism for the transformation of FQD to polymorphs of silica in chert; FQD is readily dissolved, then reprecipitated as Opal-A by either biotic or abiotic processes. An unequivocal relation between increases in dust flux and biogenic opal-A in the western Pacific Ocean during the past 200 kyr...
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The data in this release describe various aspects of the impacts of urbanization on evapotranspiration at local to global spatial scales. This data release is associated with the publication of these results in a concurrent journal article. Analyses in the journal article included comparisons between urban and non-urban ET in a variety of climate settings and spatial scales. Urbanization has been shown to locally increase the nighttime temperatures creating urban heat islands, which partly arise due to evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. It is unclear how the direction and magnitude of the change in local ET due to urbanization varies globally across different climatic regimes. This knowledge gap is critical, both...
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These data are bathymetry (river bottom elevation) in XYZ format, generated from the March 29-30, 2017 and April 13, 2017, bathymetric survey of the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana. The bathymetry was collected from approximately the confluence of Driftwood and Flatrock rivers, downstream to the confluence of Haw Creek. Hydrographic data were collected using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with integrated Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Data were collected as the surveying vessel traversed the river, approximately perpendicular to the velocity vectors at 55 cross sections which were spaced 200 feet apart along the river. Additional cross sections were collected upstream and...
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New Zealand’s Alpine Fault (AF) ruptures quasi-periodically in large-magnitude earthquakes. Paleoseismological evidence suggests that about half of all recognized AF earthquakes terminated at the boundary between the Central and South Westland sections of the fault. There, fault geometry and the polarity of uplift change. The South Westland AF exhibits oblique-normal fault motion on a structure oriented 055/82SE that, for at least 35 km along strike, contains saponite-rich principal slip zone gouges. New hydrothermal friction experiments reveal that the saponite fault gouge is frictionally weak, exhibiting friction coefficients between =0.12 and =0.16 for a range of temperatures (T=25–210 C) and effective normal...
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From 2013 to 2015, bathymetric surveys of New York City’s six West of Hudson reservoirs (Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie) were performed to provide updated capacity tables and bathymetric maps. Depths were surveyed with a single-beam echo sounder and real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) along planned transects at predetermined intervals for each reservoir. A separate set of echo sounder data was collected along transects at oblique angles to the main transects for accuracy assessment. Field survey data was combined with water-surface elevations in a geographic information system to create three-dimensional surfaces representing reservoir-bed elevations in the...
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To better understand the influence of human activities and natural processes on surface-water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed the SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) (Schwarz and others, 2006; Alexander and others, 2008) model. The framework is used to relate water-quality monitoring data to sources and watershed characteristics that affect the fate and transport of constituents to receiving surface-water bodies. The core of the model consists of using a nonlinear-regression equation to describe the non-conservative transport of contaminants from point and nonpoint sources on land to rivers, lakes and estuaries through the stream and river network. In North Carolina,...
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This collection of GIS layers was prepared for the report Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5038). The layers display geographic distribution and sampling locations for Arctic marine fish species in the region of United States sectors of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Certain diadromous species (for example, Pacific salmon, char, and whitefishes) are treated as marine fishes (McDowall, 1987) because much of their life cycle is in marine and brackish environments. This synthesis of information is meant to provide current information and understanding of this fauna and its relative vulnerability to changing Arctic conditions. There are 104 species...
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Sediment samples and samples for water-toxicity testing were collected during 2014 from several streams in San Antonio, Texas known locally as the Westside creeks (Alazán, Apache, Martínez, and San Pedro Creeks) and from the San Antonio River. Samples were collected once during base-flow and again after periods of storm-water runoff (post-storm conditions) to determine baseline sediment- and water-quality conditions. Streambed-sediment samples were analyzed for selected constituents, including trace elements and organic contaminants such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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These data were collected using a 600 kHz Rio Grande ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) in mode 12 from a moving boat. The data were georeferenced with a Hemisphere A101 Smart Antenna differential GPS. These data were processed with Teledyne RD Instruments' software, WinRiver II. These data were collected concurrently with several water quality parameters that were collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in the same reach. This data release supports the following publication: VonIns, B.L., and Jackson, P.R., 2017, Response of currents and water quality to changes in dam operations in Hoover Reservoir, Columbus, Ohio, August 24–28, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5027,...
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Water quality and optical absorbance data for journal article entitled, "The removal kinetics of dissolved organic matter and the optical clarity of groundwater" by Francis H. Chapelle, Yuan Shen, Eric W. Strom, and Ronald Benner. Hydrogeology Journal. In Press.
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Water surface elevations within seven Willamette River off-channel features (OCF; alcoves and side channels) were measured using submerged pressure transducers. Transducers were installed from late May through mid-October, 2016, when discharge of the Willamette River was between approximately 5,500 and 45,000 cubic feet per second at Salem, Oregon (USGS gage 14191000) and 3,500 to 17,500 cubic feet per second at Harrisburg, Oregon (USGS gage 14166000). Pressure transducer sensor depth was measured at all seven sites. For five of the sites, pressure transducer sensor depths were converted to water surface elevations by surveying the water surface at each transducer with a real-time kinematic global positioning system...
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These data were compiled during a laboratory experiment showing the turbidity response to increasing silt and clay concentration. The sediment used for the laboratory experiment was collected in the Grand Canyon study area, from the bank of the Little Colorado River, approximately 1 kilometer upstream from its confluence with the Colorado River. The sediment was passed through a 63 µm sieve to isolate the silt-and-clay-size fraction. The silt and clay was completely dried in an oven (at 105 degrees Celsius for 12 hours), weighed, mechanically disaggregated, and added in stages to a measured volume of water to calculate concentration. The sediment was kept in suspension with an electric stirrer and turbidity was...
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This data release contains environmental and quality control results for chemical, biological, and physical sampling of water and bed sediment from Albemarle Sound and associated tributaries between 2012 and 2014 referenced in USGS OFR 2016-1171. Appendix 1 contains all quality control results to characterize the bias and variability of sampling, handling, and analysis of water, phytoplankton, and bed sediment samples. Appendix 2 contains all the chemical, biological, and physical results for water samples collected in July and August of 2012. Appendix 3 contains all the chemical, biological, and physical results for water samples collected from March 2013 to February 2014. Data are included for discrete samples...
This data file contains a list of journal articles found in a recent search for research relevant to studying landscape perceptions. We collected all peer reviewed academic articles containing the keywords “landscape” and “perception” on the web of science resulting in 3497 records. To eliminate studies not directly addressing landscape perception we filtered out medical journal articles (n=1211). We also chose to limit our assessment to journals directly concerned with the landscape perception topic, omitting those with fewer than 5 articles pertaining to these keywords (n=1044). The abstract and title of the remaining articles (n=1242) were further scanned to discard irrelevant studies and evaluate specific methods...
map background search result map search result map Water quality and optical absorbance data for groundwater samples collected during 2010 to 2012 from select Principal Aquifers of the United States Survey of velocity and bathymetry in Hoover Reservoir, ADCP source data, Columbus, OH (August, 2015) Associated data for Water Quality and Sediment Quality in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, 2012–14 Sediment-quality and water-toxicity data from 10 sites on the Westside Creeks and San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014 Bathymetric survey of the Brandon Road Dam Spillway, Joliet, Illinois Geospatial Bathymetry Dataset and Elevation-Area-Capacity Table for Neversink Reservoir, 2014 Dataset for Alaska Marine Fish Ecology Catalog Discovery of Two Biological Mechanisms for Acetylene Metabolism in a Single Organism Water surface elevations recorded by submerged water level loggers in off-channel features of the middle and upper Willamette River, Oregon, Summer, 2016 Characterization of seafloor photographs near the mouth of the Elwha River during the first two years of dam removal (2011-2013) Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, and Unsaturated-Zone Data, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 2011-13 Bathymetry on the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana, March 29-30 and April 13, 2017 Terrestrial lidar data from the 2017 Upper Scenic Drive Landslide, La Honda, California: classified point cloud and gridded elevation data from 2016-2017 Laboratory experiment data—turbidity response to increasing silt and clay concentration Data release for Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction The chemistry of eolian quartz dust and the origin of chert Data for Frictional Properties and 3-D Stress Analysis of the Southern Alpine Fault, New Zealand (2013) SPARROW model dataset for total suspended solids in North Carolina, including simulated stream loads Urbanization Impacts on Evapotranspiration Across Various Spatio-temporal Scales Characterization of seafloor photographs near the mouth of the Elwha River during the first two years of dam removal (2011-2013) Bathymetric survey of the Brandon Road Dam Spillway, Joliet, Illinois Survey of velocity and bathymetry in Hoover Reservoir, ADCP source data, Columbus, OH (August, 2015) Bathymetry on the East Fork White River at Columbus, Indiana, March 29-30 and April 13, 2017 Geospatial Bathymetry Dataset and Elevation-Area-Capacity Table for Neversink Reservoir, 2014 Sediment-quality and water-toxicity data from 10 sites on the Westside Creeks and San Antonio River, San Antonio, Texas, 2014 Data for Frictional Properties and 3-D Stress Analysis of the Southern Alpine Fault, New Zealand (2013) Terrestrial lidar data from the 2017 Upper Scenic Drive Landslide, La Honda, California: classified point cloud and gridded elevation data from 2016-2017 Discovery of Two Biological Mechanisms for Acetylene Metabolism in a Single Organism Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, and Unsaturated-Zone Data, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 2011-13 Associated data for Water Quality and Sediment Quality in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, 2012–14 Laboratory experiment data—turbidity response to increasing silt and clay concentration SPARROW model dataset for total suspended solids in North Carolina, including simulated stream loads Data release for Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction Water quality and optical absorbance data for groundwater samples collected during 2010 to 2012 from select Principal Aquifers of the United States Dataset for Alaska Marine Fish Ecology Catalog The chemistry of eolian quartz dust and the origin of chert Urbanization Impacts on Evapotranspiration Across Various Spatio-temporal Scales