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Problem – Flooding is an annual problem along Egypt Creek in Dryden. Increased runoff from expanding development, sediment clogged channels, and undersized culverts that cannot convey increased flows contribute to the problem. Flood maps for extreme floods are available through the effective FEMA flood insurance study (FEMA, 1978), but these maps, which became effective in 1979, are considered no longer valid by the Village of Dryden owing to development in the basin, which presumably has increased runoff and, in at least one instance, encroached on the floodplain. In addition, similar data for lower, intermediate, and higher floods are non-existent. Emergency responders and the public would benefit from a series...
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American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has worked in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy (TNC) over the past 11 years to study the effects of channel geomorphology and impoundments on the distribution of common and rare mussels in the Neversink River and to characterize fish assemblages in tributaries to the Upper Delaware River in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The focus of this research and monitoring program has recently shifted toward studies of the rapidly declining American eel (Anguilla rostrata) populations in rivers of the tri-state region. There are many factors that could potentially cause the observed declines in local and continental populations of...
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Problem Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality that until recently has been cost-prohibitive to monitor extensively in both space and time. Continuous water-quality data, particularly in coastal environments with bidirectional tidal flow, is necessary for resource managers to understand the dynamic changes in water quality that occur tidally, daily, seasonally, and during aperiodic events. In the estuaries surrounding Long Island, such events may include wastewater treatment plant failures, harmful algal blooms, and extreme weather. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has extensive experience with continuous water-quality monitoring at fixed locations along the coast that provides valuable...
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Project Summary. The Western Adirondack Stream Survey (WASS), conducted in 2003-2005, showed that acidic deposition was causing toxic forms of Al to move from soils to streams in 66% of the 565 watersheds assessed in the study region. The WASS encompassed only 20% of the Adirondack region, and for the remaining 80% (referred to hereafter as the East-Central Adirondack region), there is little information on the extent of soil and stream acidification. Based on lake-chemistry data, acidification in the East-Central Adirondack region has been considered minimal relative to the Western Adirondack region. However, some lake acidification has been identified, and WASS results showed that lake acidification under...
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Background Every day, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) supplies more than one billion gallons of drinking water to more than nine million people. To do this, the DEP maintains an extensive network of reservoirs and aqueducts. A major part of this system, the West of Hudson (WOH) network, in the Delaware and Hudson River drainages, includes six reservoirs (fig. 1) – Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie – which were constructed from the early 1900s to the 1960s and have an estimated combined storage capacity of more than 460 billion gallons. Problem and Objective The daily and seasonal management of the WOH reservoirs by DEP depends on accurate bathymetric...
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Background Since 1980 the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in upstate New York, first in cooperation with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), and later in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), Division of Water. The objective of this program is to define the hydrogeology of important stratified-drift aquifers in upstate New York, and to present the information as individual sets of maps at a 1:24,000 scale. Each published report from this program describes the hydrogeology of a specific aquifer or section of aquifer, and depicts selected hydrogeologic characteristics. These reports form the foundation of NYSDEC's...
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PROBLEM The valley-fill aquifers in the West Branch Cayuga Inlet and Fish Kill valleys (designated as aquifer 15, fig.1), within the Town of Newfield, were mapped by Miller (2000) and identified as one of 17 unconsolidated aquifers in Tompkins County that need to be studied in more detail. The valley-fill in the West Branch Cayuga Inlet and Fish Kill valleys contain a heterogeneous mix of glacial deposits and recent alluvium under mostly unconfined conditions, but may they be under confined conditions in some places. The valley-fill deposits are sources of water for the Village of Newfield, homeowners, farms, and small businesses in these valleys. The Village of Newfield has recently been searching for another location...
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Background The Ashokan Reservoir is located in the Catskill Mountains of New York State and is part of New York City’s (NYC) water supply system. The NYC water-supply system is operated by the NYC Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) under a filtration avoidance determination (FAD) issued by the New York State Department of Health. The Ashokan Reservoir watershed is 255 mi2 and is one of two reservoirs in the New York City Catskill Reservoir system and one of six reservoirs in the West-of-Hudson Catskill-Delaware system. The upper Esopus Creek is the primary tributary to the Ashokan Reservoir, with a 192 mi2 watershed from the source, Winnisook Lake, to the Ashokan Reservoir near Boiceville, NY. Suspended-sediment...
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Problem The quality of surface water has important effects on human and ecological health. Surface water is an important drinking water source and is used for swimming, fishing, and recreation, and the quality of surface water can have profound effects on the health, diversity, and resilience of ecological communities. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is tasked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to monitor ambient water quality of the State. The NYSDEC is also tasked to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for state waters that fail to meet their intended use. A critical first step in maintaining high quality of surface-water is assessment of existing...
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Problem Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and turbidity are primary water-quality concerns in New York City’s (NYC) water-supply system (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007). In the NYC water-supply system turbidity is largely caused by clay and silt rather than organic material (Effler et al. 1998, Peng et al. 2002, 2004). Sediment can originate from the watershed land surface and the active stream corridor (the stream bed and its adjacent banks and hillslopes) (Walling 2005). In the upper Esopus Creek watershed, the main source of water to the Ashokan Reservoir, the active stream corridor is the primary source of sediment and turbidity to the stream. Terrestrial sources of sediment and turbidity are...
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Purpose and Scope The Natural Resources Department of the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Odanah, Wisconsin has requested assistance with compiling existing mercury (Hg) concentration data from measurements in a variety of environmental media in an effort to evaluate risks to ecosystem and human health and to identify key data gaps that could be addressed through future sampling. These data include Hg concentrations in fish, frogs, otters, birds, wild rice, the atmosphere, surface water, and sediment. The purpose of this proposed study is to compile existing Hg data collected by the Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, evaluate the potential risks to humans and to local ecosystems, and to recommend...
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The current Adirondack Long-Term Monitoring Program combines monitoring of streams and soils based on a watershed design. Not only are headwater streams an important component of Adirondack ecosystems, they are closely tied to the terrestrial environment through runoff that is strongly influenced by soil and vegetation processes. This linkage makes headwater streams a useful tool for monitoring the overall condition of the watershed, and by combining stream and soil monitoring within watersheds, the response of Adirondack ecosystems to environmental disturbances such as acid rain and climate change can be better understood. For example, the unexpectedly slow reversal of stream acidification from decreased atmospheric...
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Introduction Relatively little data describing the quality of groundwater in New York State exists, yet groundwater is used as a source of drinking water by approximately one quarter of the population of the state. The objective of the 305(b) Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring project is to quantify and report on ambient groundwater quality from bedrock and glacial-drift aquifers in upstate New York. An ongoing cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), this study supports NYSDEC’s responsibilities under Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977. The project began in 2002 with a pilot study in the Mohawk...
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The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is developing a unit management plan/environmental impact statement (UMP/EIS) for the Hudson Gorge Primitive Area, an area of Forest Preserve land encompassing a scenic stretch of the Hudson River in the Adirondack Park. Two goals of the UMP/EIS are to inventory natural resources and ecosystems and take actions to protect those resources while providing for appropriate types and levels of public recreational use. Because of the river's extensive whitewater reaches, it is the setting for a commercial rafting industry that operates during spring, summer, and fall. To increase flows in the Indian and Hudson Rivers, the Town of Indian Lake conducts...
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Background The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Village of Patchogue and the New York Department of State, collected water-quality samples from 10 shallow wells within the village to document the effects of onsite wastewater disposal on groundwater discharging into the Patchogue River. The onsite disposal of wastewater within the Patchogue River basin - a riverine estuary that discharges into Great South Bay, Suffolk County, Long Island, NY - has adversely affected water quality and aquatic habitats within both the tidal and non-tidal portions of the river. Of particular concern are increased loads of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphorus) to the shallow groundwater system which...
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Problem - Geomorphologic techniques for stream channel and bank restoration are fast becoming the techniques of choice among federal, state, county, and local agencies to reduce suspended sediment loads, reduce flood damage, improve aquatic habitat, and generally stabilize stream channels. One reason for this upswing in use is that appropriate application of these techniques has been shown to reduce the need for repetitive visits to a reach to remove sediments or repair stream banks, and thus reduce long-term channel maintenance expenses. Geomorphologic restoration projects require data that define what a stable stream channel should look like in a given region. Regional hydrologic curves and regional channel-geomorphologic...
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PROBLEM Hook Pond, an 83-acre freshwater pond in East Hampton, N.Y., has historically shown indications of impaired water quality. Impairments in this shallow pond include elevated nutrient concentrations and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in bottom waters as a result of current and historical land-use practices (Lombardo, 2015). Recent (2016) harmful algal blooms in Hook Pond and other eastern Long Island freshwater bodies have spurred local concerns about the loading of nutrients from septic systems to groundwater (and ultimately to surface water), and land-use practices that contribute to contaminated stormwater runoff. To properly evaluate the basic ecological health of the pond, an understanding of the...
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Problem The City of Ithaca, Tompkins County, N.Y., is in the process of developing a flood management plan for the streams that flow through the City. Flooding in the City is an annual problem caused by a variety of distinct and sometimes interconnected reasons. Flooding often is a result of snowmelt and rain during the winter and spring. Slow ice-melt and breakup can lead to ice jams and subsequent flooding. Flash floods are produced by summer thunderstorms. All of these flood types are compounded by two factors: the storm-sewer system in the City and the elevation of Cayuga Lake. The storm sewers drain to the nearby streams at points below the tops of the streambanks. Because the streamward ends of the storm sewers...
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Problem Statement More than nine million people rely on the New York City Water-Supply System for their daily-drinking water needs. Approximately 40 percent of this water comes from the Schoharie and Ashokan Reservoirs (fig. 1). This water is transported from the Catskill Area to New York City through Esopus Creek and a series of man-made tunnels and aqueducts built starting in the early 1900s (fig. 1). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been measuring streamflow continuously in the Upper and Lower Esopus Creeks for many decades. Specifically, streamflow has been measured in the Upper Esopus Creek at Coldbrook (station number 01362500) for about 80 years and in the Lower Esopus Creek at Mount Marion (station...
map background search result map search result map Shallow groundwater quality in the Patchogue River basin, Suffolk County, New York Regionalization of Channel Geomorphology Characteristics for Streams of New York State, Excluding Long Island Assessing American Eel Populations in Tributaries to the Upper Delaware River Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in Upstate New York Detailed Aquifer Mapping in the Greene-Kattelville area of New York Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers Bathymetry of New York City's West of Hudson Reservoirs 305b Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring in New York Continuous and Spatially Distributed Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Long Island Estuaries in Support of Coastal Resource Management. Estimated Non-reservoir Streamflows of Esopus Creek at Coldbrook and Mount Marion, New York Geohydrology of the Valley-Fill Aquifer in the West Branch Cayuga Inlet and Fish Kill Valleys, Town of Newfield, Tompkins County, New York Adirondack Long-Term Stream and Soil Monitoring Assessment of Acidic Deposition Effects on the Chemistry and Benthos of Streams of the East-Central Adirondack Region Flood-inundation mapping of Egypt Creek, Dryden, Tompkins County Flood-Inundation Maps for Four Stream Reaches, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York Surface-water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin (Pilot RIBS/TMDL) Esopus Creek Sediment and Turbidity Study Stony Clove Basin Sediment and Turbidity Monitoring Assessment of the Water Quality of Hook Pond, East Hampton, New York Compilation of Mercury Data and Associated Risk to Human and Ecosystem Health, Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Assessment of the Water Quality of Hook Pond, East Hampton, New York Flood-inundation mapping of Egypt Creek, Dryden, Tompkins County Geohydrology of the Valley-Fill Aquifer in the West Branch Cayuga Inlet and Fish Kill Valleys, Town of Newfield, Tompkins County, New York Detailed Aquifer Mapping in the Greene-Kattelville area of New York Esopus Creek Sediment and Turbidity Study Stony Clove Basin Sediment and Turbidity Monitoring Compilation of Mercury Data and Associated Risk to Human and Ecosystem Health, Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Estimated Non-reservoir Streamflows of Esopus Creek at Coldbrook and Mount Marion, New York Continuous and Spatially Distributed Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring in Long Island Estuaries in Support of Coastal Resource Management. Effects of recreational flow releases on natural resources of the Indian and Hudson Rivers Bathymetry of New York City's West of Hudson Reservoirs Assessing American Eel Populations in Tributaries to the Upper Delaware River Surface-water Quality in the Mohawk River Basin (Pilot RIBS/TMDL) Assessment of Acidic Deposition Effects on the Chemistry and Benthos of Streams of the East-Central Adirondack Region Adirondack Long-Term Stream and Soil Monitoring Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in Upstate New York 305b Ambient Groundwater Quality Monitoring in New York Regionalization of Channel Geomorphology Characteristics for Streams of New York State, Excluding Long Island