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Several studies have documented the potential and existing environmental degradation due to all-terrain vehicle (ATV) use in sub-arctic terrain. Impacts include vegetation damage or destruction, changes in vegetation community composition and structure, substrate thermal change and permafrost thaw, and soil erosion and subsequent development of thermokarst features and terrain degradation. One of the most evident effects of prolonged ATV use in sub-arctic tundra is the development of extensive trail braiding. Trail braiding results from alternate trails that are created by users in order to avoid mud bogs and standing water (ponding) that develop on ATV trails which are underlain by ice ridge permafrost. One option...
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There is a trend towards development of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park to accomodate increased visitor use and to generate additional tourism revenue for the state of Alaska. Master planning should be utilized in setting Park goals, zoning areas for visitor use and wilderness, and ensuring that developments do not erode the conservation values of the Park. Specifically, information on grizzly bears should be incorporated carefully into planning recreational facilities in order to avoid important grizzly bear habitats. Fundamental measures designed to minimize bear-human conflicts should include management of human food and garbage; public education on bears; monitoring of bear data; problem bear control; planning...
The Canadian North finds itself in a period of Canadian history with unprecedented levels of social and environmental complexity, political uncertainty and economic change. Within the Mackenzie River valley of the Northwest Territories, major industrial resource development projects are underway. At the same time, innovative natural resource management (NRM) governance institutions are being proposed. This dissertation explores how socio-cultural and political practices enable people to become institutional bricoleurs in resource management. From Déline, Northwest Territories, I examined how outside resource managers from federal and territorial governments, environmental non-government organizations, and aboriginal...
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A systematic water-quality study of the Fortymile River and many of its major tributaries in eastern Alaska was conducted in June of 1997 and 1998. Surface-water samples were collected for chemical analyses to establish regional baseline geochemistry values and to evaluate the possible environmental effects of suction-dredge placer gold mining and bulldozer-operated placer gold mining (commonly referred to as “cat mining”). In general, the water quality of the Fortymile River is very good, with low total dissolved solids and only two cases in which the concentration of any element exceeded primary or secondary drinking-water quality standards. In both cases, iron exceeded secondary drinking-water limits. At...
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This dissertation presents results from four recently discovered archeological sites in southcentral Alaska. The sites range from the Younger Dryas to middle Holocene in age and provide valuable contextual information for the human process of colonizing a region that was heavily glaciated during the LGM. The deglaciation and human colonization of southcentral Alaska is one of the most significant aspects of the settling phase in eastern Beringia not only for its potential to inform about the human response to post-glacial landscapes but also for what we can learn about subsequent migrations to the southern coast of Alaska. Understanding how early foraging societies spread throughout eastern Beringia, after its initial...
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In the Yukon Territory and District of Mackenzie, coal-bearing strata, ranging in age from Mississippian to Oligocene, have been found in some 27 areas. In the Yukon, such rocks underlie 37,000 km2, while in the District of Mackenzie, 3000 km2 are believed to contain coal in the Brackett Basin alone, with additional potential in the Liard River, Godlin Lake and Great Bear Lake areas. The three most important basins are the Whitehorse Trough and Bonnet Plume Basin in the Yukon Territory and the Brackett Basin in the District of Mackenzie. In the Whitehorse Trough, coal exploration has been carried out at Mount Granger near Whitehorse and at Division Mountain, west of Braeburn. Coal mining has been actively carried...
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The general goal of this research was to address the broad question, does consensus work in resource management decision-making? Its purpose was to identify success factors for employing the consensus decision-making model specifically in land use planning; to examine the models incepted by the government of British Columbia during the period 1992–1995; and to investigate the application and effectiveness of the models as actually employed in integrated resource planning in British Columbia. The specific objective was to develop a general diagnostic framework for evaluation, based on indicators and success factors derived from a review of pertinent literature; from interviews with stakeholder participants in these...
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Mining landscapes are avowedly complex and dynamic cultural resources, representing an important part of the nation's cultural heritage. They reflect changes in technology, social organization, and the influence of outside events. Mining landscapes are also representative of the experiences of change over time. This representative experience is not well-represented in the typical approach to considering preservation of mining districts during the review of federal projects. This thesis takes a different approach, developing a classification system with a greater focus on the changes that occur, and tests this against a small-scale lode mining district in Southcentral Alaska. While the ability to factor in change...
In the Arctic, permafrost extends up to 500 m below the ground surface, and it is generally just the top metre that thaws in summer. Lakes, rivers, and wetlands on the arctic landscape are normally not connected with groundwater in the same way that they are in temperate regions. When the surface is frozen in winter, only lakes deeper than 2 m and rivers with significant flow retain liquid water. Surface water is largely abundant in summer, when it serves as a breeding ground for fish, birds, and mammals. In winter, many mammals and birds are forced to migrate out of the Arctic. Fish must seek out lakes or rivers deep enough to provide good overwintering habitat. Humans in the Arctic rely on surface water in many...
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In Canada, little is known about the governance of private protected areas (PPAs) and their contribution to the public interest. This dissertation evaluates the extent to which PPAs in Canada adhere to generally advanced principles of good governance---Direction, Legitimacy, Fairness, Performance and Accountability---and it assesses their contribution to the public interest. Findings from descriptive analysis of six case studies of Individual, Corporate, Non-Government and First Nation authorities indicate that principles are adhered to with relative vigor and visibility and that the public interest is generally advanced. The governance pattern is not strongly differentiated and it is generally uniform in strengths...
We measured the surface velocity field during the summers of 1999 and 2000 on the 7 km long, 185 m thick Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA. In the spring of both years, a short-lived pulse of surface velocity, 2-4 times the annual mean velocity, propagated up-glacier from the terminus at a rate of similar to 200-250 m d super(-1). Displacement attributable to rapid sliding is similar to 5-10% of the annual surface motion, while the high-velocity event comprised 60-95% of annual basal motion. Sliding during the propagating speed-up event peaked at 6-14 cm super(-1), with the highest rates in mid-glacier. Continuous horizontal and vertical GPS measurements at one stake showed divergence and then convergence of the ice surface...
map background search result map search result map Governance of private protected areas in Canada: Advancing the public interest? Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum-Arctic Permafrost Regions The mining landscape from a diachronic perspective: Examining the Kenai Star mining district, Southcentral Alaska Regional baseline geochemistry and environmental effects of gold placer mining operations on the Fortymile River, eastern Alaska Coal resources of Northern Canada with emphasis on Whitehorse Trough, Bonnet Plume Basin and Brackett Basin Consensus processes in land use planning in British Columbia: the nature of success Trophic interactions, community organization, and the Kluane ecosystem All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Trail Mitigation Study: Comparison of Natural and Geosynthetic Materials for Surface Hardening within Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska Wrangell - St. Elias National Park and Preserve : Alaska : Water resources scoping report Glacial transport of human waste and survival of fecal bacteria on Mt. McKinley’s Kahiltna Glacier, Denali National Park, Alaska Preliminary Wrangell-St Elias National Park & Preserve Bear Management Plan Overview (Discussion Points) Prehistoric colonization of southcentral Alaska: Human adaptations in a post glacial world Growing together: A principle-based approach to building collaborative Indigenous partnerships in Canada’s forest sector Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables Impacts of Climate Warming on River Ice Break-up and Snowmelt Freshet Processes on the Porcupine River in Northern Yukon The mining landscape from a diachronic perspective: Examining the Kenai Star mining district, Southcentral Alaska Impacts of Climate Warming on River Ice Break-up and Snowmelt Freshet Processes on the Porcupine River in Northern Yukon Governance of private protected areas in Canada: Advancing the public interest? Trophic interactions, community organization, and the Kluane ecosystem Glacial transport of human waste and survival of fecal bacteria on Mt. McKinley’s Kahiltna Glacier, Denali National Park, Alaska Regional baseline geochemistry and environmental effects of gold placer mining operations on the Fortymile River, eastern Alaska All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Trail Mitigation Study: Comparison of Natural and Geosynthetic Materials for Surface Hardening within Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska Wrangell - St. Elias National Park and Preserve : Alaska : Water resources scoping report Preliminary Wrangell-St Elias National Park & Preserve Bear Management Plan Overview (Discussion Points) Prehistoric colonization of southcentral Alaska: Human adaptations in a post glacial world Coal resources of Northern Canada with emphasis on Whitehorse Trough, Bonnet Plume Basin and Brackett Basin Consensus processes in land use planning in British Columbia: the nature of success Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum-Arctic Permafrost Regions Growing together: A principle-based approach to building collaborative Indigenous partnerships in Canada’s forest sector Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables