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Invasion by nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) often results in replacement of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the inland western United States, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We conducted a four-year removal experiment to test for population-level mechanisms (i.e., changes in recruitment, survival, emigration, and immigration) promoting invasion success of brook trout and causing decline of native Colorado River cutthroat trout (O. c. pleuriticus). We chose 700–1200 m segments of four small mountain streams where brook trout had recently invaded cutthroat trout populations, two each at mid elevation (2500–2700 m) and high elevation (3150–3250 m), and annually removed...
Dams create barriers to fish migration and dispersal in drainage basins, and the removal of dams is often viewed as a means of increasing habitat availability and restoring migratory routes of several fish species. However, these barriers can also isolate and protect native taxa from aggressive downstream invaders.We examined fish community composition two years prior to and two years after the removal of a pair of low-head dams from Boulder Creek,Wisconsin, U.S.A. in 2003 to determine if removal of these potential barriers affected the resident population of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Despite the presence of other taxa in the downstream reaches, and in other similar streams adjacent to the Boulder...
Naturalized populations of nonnative salmonid fishes have been implicated in the decline of many native aquatic organisms, including amphibians (Bradford 1989), invertebrates (Polhemus 1993), and fishes (Moyle et al. 1986). Potential mechanisms by which nonnative fishes may interact with native biota include predation, competition, parasite and disease transmission, and hybridization, which may operate directly or indirectly (see Taylor et al. 1984 for a general review). Nonnative salmonids are frequently implicated in declines of native salmonids in the western United States (Allendorf and Leary 1988, Young 1995, Duff 1996). For example, loss of threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi)...