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A number of studies have shown that dust delivers essential nutrients that sustain terrestrial productivity over millennia. Dust, however, contains a range of elements ranging from base cations, N and P, to heavy metals. Some of these elements will stimulate primary productivity over the time scale of soil development while others, such as metals, could inhibit biological activity. As dust accumulates, it also influences water flux and availability by altering soil texture. We are examining the ecological impacts of dust accumulation in Canyonlands National Park in Utah. Using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for far-traveled dust, we have established transects in sandy surficial deposits (50-90% sand) in which...
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This map shows the factors that may contribute to potential dust sources that could contribute to accelerated snow melt. These factors include soil factors, low vegetation cover, invasive annual vegetation, and land use. These data are provided by Bureau of Land Management (BLM) "as is" and may contain errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider...
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The CLIM-MET stations are meteorological/geological stations that are designed to function in remote areas for long periods of time without human intervention. These stations measure meteorological and wind-erosion parameters under varying climatic and land-use conditions to detect and describe ongoing landscape changes. Combined with historic and other data, CLIM-MET data can provide inputs into regional climatic models that describe how the Southwest will respond to future climatic conditions.
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Rock-derived nutrients in soils originate from both local bedrock and atmospheric dust, including dust from far-distant sources. Distinction between fine particles derived from local bedrock and from dust provides better understanding of the landscape-scale distribution and abundance of soil nutrients. Sandy surficial deposits over dominantly sandstone substrates, covering vast upland areas of the central Colorado Plateau, typically contain 5–40% silt plus clay, depending on geomorphic setting and slope (excluding drainages and depressions). Aeolian dust in these deposits is indicated by the presence of titanium-bearing magnetite grains that are absent in the sedimentary rocks of the region. Thus, contents of...
An ongoing project monitors modern dust accumulation in the arid southwestern United States to (1) determine the rate and composition of dust inputs to soils and (2) relate dust accumulation to weather patterns to help predict the effects of climate change on dust production and accumulation. The 16-year records of 35 dust-trap sites in the eastern Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin reveal how generation and accumulation of dust, including the silt-clay, carbonate, and soluble-salt fractions, is affected by the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall and the behavior of different source types (alluvium, dry playas, and wet playas). Accumulation rates (fluxes) of the silt-clay fraction of dust, including...
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Dust deposition in the Rocky Mountains may be an important biogeochemical flux from upwind ecosystems. Seasonal (winter/spring) dust mass fluxes to the San Juan Mountains during the period from 2004 to 2008 ranged from 5 to 10 g m?2, with individual deposition events reaching as high as 2 g m?2. Dust deposited in the San Juan Mountains was primarily composed of silt- and clay-sized particles, indicating a regional source area. The concentrations of most major and minor elements in this dust were similar to or less than average upper continental crustal concentrations, whereas trace element concentrations were often enriched. In particular, dust collected from the San Juan Mountain snowpack was characterized by enrichments...
Dust deposition to mountain snow cover, which has increased since the late 19(th) century, accelerates the rate of snowmelt by increasing the solar radiation absorbed by the snowpack. Snowmelt occurs earlier, but is decoupled from seasonal warming. Climate warming advances the timing of snowmelt and early season phenological events (e.g., the onset of greening and flowering); however, earlier snowmelt without warmer temperatures may have a different effect on phenology. Here, we report the results of a set of snowmelt manipulations in which radiation-absorbing fabric and the addition and removal of dust from the surface of the snowpack advanced or delayed snowmelt in the alpine tundra. These changes in the timing...
Soil analyses and measurements with the Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) were conducted on 16 soil types in an area heavily affected by off-road vehicle (ORV) driving. Measurements were performed in ORV trails as well as on undisturbed terrain to investigate how ORV driving affects the vulnerability of a soil to emit PM10 (particles<10microm), during the driving as well as during episodes of wind erosion. Particular attention is paid to how the creation of a new trail affects those properties of the topsoil that determine its capability to emit PM10. Also, recommendations are given for adequate management of ORV-designed areas. The type of surface (sand, silt, gravel, drainage) is a key factor...
The Bibliography of Aeolian Research (The BAR) contains 36,342 references to papers and reports that focus on aeolian research — the study of detachment, transport, and deposition of sediments by wind. Aeolian research spans a broad array of disciplines and may include: * the study of the physics of blowing sand, dust, and other granular material (i.e., saltation, suspension, creep and abrasion); * the study of geomorphic processes in arid environments and associated aeolian landforms, deposits, and sedimentary features; * the study of wind erosion and its control by tillage, cover crops, shelterbelts, and other management practices; and * the study of mineral dust, dust emissions, atmospheric transport and the...
Soil erosion is driven by not only aeolian but also fluvial transport processes, yet these two types of processes are usually studied independently, thereby precluding effective assessment of overall erosion, potential interactions between the two drivers, and their relative sensitivities to projected changes in climate and land use. Here we provide a perspective that aeolian and fluvial transport processes need to be considered in concert relative to total erosion and to potential interactions, that relative dominance and sensitivity to disturbance vary with mean annual precipitation, and that there are important scale-dependencies associated with aeolian–fluvial interactions. We build on previous literature...
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This dataset shows high risk of water erodibility. This means the NRCS water erodibility Kw factor is < 0.20 (and slope is > 40%), or Kw factor is between 0.20 and 0.36 (and slope is > 35%) or Kw factor is > 0.36 (and slope is > 25%. These data were drawn from the 1:24,000 SSURGO soil surveys and the USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED)
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Dispersion of dust depends on many complex factors related to the nature of the disturbed materials, climate, dust control measures, and localized weather patterns. This dataset presents wind speed and rainfall as climate factors that influence dust dispersion. These two basic factors were identified as a subset of the many factors that can lead to dust dispersion. Arpacioglu and Er (2003) reviewed historical data from selected mine sites and suggested that days when the windspeed was at least 5.4 meters per second (m/s) at 10 meters above land surface and rainfall was less than 0.25 centimeter (cm) might lead to greater dust dispersion. Existing publicly available precipitation and wind speed data from NASA’s North...
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These data were compiled to measure airborne horizontal mass flux of sediments moved by wind across soils, climates, vegetation types, and land uses on the Colorado Plateau. Objectives of our study were to quantify spatial and temporal patterns in wind erosion and further our understanding of how soil and site setting, climate, and land uses are controlling wind erosion and horizontal mass flux. These data represent seasonal cumulative horizontal mass flux as measured using passive aspirated sediment traps, Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) samplers. These data were collected in Grand and San Juan counties, Utah, and Mesa County, Colorado, USA between August 2017 and November 2020. These data were collected by the...
Categories: Data; Tags: Bears Ears National Monument, Big Springs Number Eight samplers, Canyonlands National Park, Climatology, Colorado Plateau, All tags...
Scientists within the Geospatial Analyses and Applications Team develop and apply geospatial analytical methods to answer broad-scale questions about source-sink and cause-effect relationships between contaminants and vulnerable communities. Multivariate statistics are used to identify connections between landscape gradients and observational data. These connections are used to develop risk assessments and make predictions across broad, regional scales. Datasets and analytical tools developed by the CTT support multiple projects seeking to understand complex source-sink relationships between observational data and landscape characteristics. Datasets, tools, and methods detailed and stored on this community page...
The shrub-steppe area near Shaartuz, Tadzhik, S.S.R., is shown to be a net accumulator of dust despite being an occasional source of dust. For the accumulation of the dust to form the observed surface crust, a net deposition of about 290–490 g m−2 yr−1 of particles smaller than 20 Î&frac14;m is required, depending on the duration of the deposition period. The particles smaller than 20 Î&frac14;m are mixed with particles brought up from the sandy material below the surface crust by bioturbation and are incorporated into the surface crust. Measurements during the 16 and 20 September 1989 dust storms provided a total deposition of 41.1 g m−2 of particles smaller than 20 Î&frac14;m. Because 10–30 dust storms...
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Four corners dust in upper left corner of image 5/22/10. Acquired from Rian Bogle (USGS) per Jayne Belnap's request, on 02/11/2011.
Tags: dust, imagery
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Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and one not grazed since 1974 and dominated by annual weeds with little biocrusts. We used two currently grazed sites: one dominated by annual weeds and the other dominated by perennial plants, both with little biocrusts. Precipitation was highly variable, with years of average, above-average, and extremely low precipitation. During years with average and above-average...
The interactions between playa hydrology and playa-surface sediments are important factors that control the type and amount of dust emitted from playas as a result of wind erosion. The production of evaporite minerals during evaporative loss of near-surface ground water results in both the creation and maintenance of several centimeters or more of loose sediment on and near the surfaces of wet playas. Observations that characterize the texture, mineralogic composition and hardness of playa ? surfaces at Franklin Lake, Soda Lake and West Cronese Lake playas in the Mojave Desert (California), along with imaging of dust emission using automated digital photography, indicate that these kinds of surface sediment are...
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Light-absorbing particles in atmospheric dust deposited on snow cover (dust-on-snow, DOS) diminish albedo and accelerate the timing and rate of snow melt. Identification of these particles and their effects are relevant to snow-radiation modeling and water-resource management. Laboratory-measured reflectance of DOS samples from the San Juan Mountains (USA) were compared with DOS mass loading, particle sizes, iron mineralogy, carbonaceous matter type and content, and chemical compositions. Samples were collected each spring for water years 2011-2016, when individual dust layers had merged into one (all layers merged) at the snow surface. Average reflectance values of the six samples were 0.2153 (sd, 0.0331) across...
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These data represent a one-time synoptic survey of sampled soils, pavement dust, and stream sediment in 10 urban watersheds in three regions of the United States (Pacific Northwest, northeast, and southeast) to evaluate sources of sediment and two groups of common urban contaminants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. Analyses of samples from six of the watersheds included fallout radionuclides to facilitate identification of sediment sources to the streams. Scripts used in R to test selected explanatory variables for the urban contaminants using Generalize Additive Models (GAMs) are included. The percentage of the watershed that was sealed pavement and the percentage of the sediment sample from...
map background search result map search result map Contemporary geochemical composition and flux of aeolian dust to the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, United States Atmospheric dust in modern soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA Soils with High Risk of Water Erodibility - Southern Rockies LCC - North, USA Climate Impact Meteorological Stations (CLIM-MET) Data from The Mojave National Preserve, California and Canyonlands National Park, Utah 1998-2016 Combined Occurrence Frequency of Wind Speeds and Precipitation Amounts Conducive to Dust Dispersion from Disturbed Mine and Mill Sites in the United States, 2007–16 BLM REA COP 2010 Colorado Plateau (COP) Dust Sources that may Accelerate Snow Melt Data for Dust deposited on snow cover in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, 2011-2016: Compositional variability bearing on snow-melt effects Concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radionuclides for soils, pavement dust, and stream sediment for 10 urban watersheds Aeolian mass flux data for the Colorado Plateau Data for Dust deposited on snow cover in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, 2011-2016: Compositional variability bearing on snow-melt effects Contemporary geochemical composition and flux of aeolian dust to the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, United States Atmospheric dust in modern soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA Aeolian mass flux data for the Colorado Plateau Climate Impact Meteorological Stations (CLIM-MET) Data from The Mojave National Preserve, California and Canyonlands National Park, Utah 1998-2016 Soils with High Risk of Water Erodibility - Southern Rockies LCC - North, USA Combined Occurrence Frequency of Wind Speeds and Precipitation Amounts Conducive to Dust Dispersion from Disturbed Mine and Mill Sites in the United States, 2007–16 BLM REA COP 2010 Colorado Plateau (COP) Dust Sources that may Accelerate Snow Melt Concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radionuclides for soils, pavement dust, and stream sediment for 10 urban watersheds