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This paper proposes a regional and sectoral model of global final energy demand. For the main end-use sectors of consumption (industrial, commercial and public services, residential and road transportation), per-capita demand is expressed as an S-shaped function of per-capita income. Other variables intervene as well, like energy prices, temperatures and technological trends. This model is applied on a panel of 101 countries and 3 aggregates (covering the whole world) and it explains fairly well past variations in sectoral, final consumption since the beginning of the 2000s. Further, the model is used to analyze the dynamics of final energy demand, by sector and in total. The main conclusion concerns the pattern...
Joseph A. Dammel, Jeffrey M. Bielicki, Melisa F. Pollak, and Elizabeth J. Wilson at the University of Minnesota Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy have published a feature article titled “A Tale of Two Technologies: Hydraulic Fracturing and Geologic Carbon Sequestration” that appears in the online version of the science journal, Environmental Science & Technology [subscription required]. In comparing, contrasting, and analyzing the regulatory landscape governing the use of hydraulic fracturing and geologic carbon sequestration, they conclude that “A shift toward a 21st Century vision of regulation is required. Hydraulic fracturing and geologic sequestration are both technologies that could reduce...
A [`]discount rate' for the consumption of future generations from current investments for their benefit is typically composed of two parts: [`]time preference' and an allowance for the lower marginal utility of consumption due to higher average levels of consumption in the future. Time preference would be involved if one were postponing one's own consumption; it has little or nothing to do with income redistribution, which is what greenhouse abatement is about. A lower marginal utility of consumption is an anomaly in income redistribution: we rarely deliberately transfer consumption from the less to the more well-to-do. Time may serve as a kind of measure of distance; we may prefer beneficiaries who are closer...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: International,
business,
corporations,
dynamics,
economic,
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
This paper proposes a regional and sectoral model of global final energy demand. For the main end-use sectors of consumption (industrial, commercial and public services, residential and road transportation), per-capita demand is expressed as an S-shaped function of per-capita income. Other variables intervene as well, like energy prices, temperatures and technological trends. This model is applied on a panel of 101 countries and 3 aggregates (covering the whole world) and it explains fairly well past variations in sectoral, final consumption since the beginning of the 2000s. Further, the model is used to analyze the dynamics of final energy demand, by sector and in total. The main conclusion concerns the pattern...
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
A system dynamic model is presented, which considers the feedback between supply and demand and oil revenue of the existing system in Iran considering different sectors of the economy. Also the export of the oil surplus and the injection of the gas surplus into the oil reservoirs are seen in the model by establishing a balance between supply and demand. In this model the counter-effects and existing system feedbacks between supply and demand and oil revenue can be seen considering different sectors of the economy. As a result, the effects of oil and gas policies in different scenarios for different sectors of Iran's economy together with the counter-effects of energy consumption and oil revenue are examined. Three...
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
Abstrac As a pilot study potential biophysical and human land use drivers in Costa Rica were evaluated using multi-variate statistical methods in a nested scale analysis. The reconstructed land use drivers and their quantified effects on land use were applied within a dynamic framework CLUE (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects) to model land use dynamics in Costa Rica from 1973 to 1984. Our pilot study demonstrates that a land use/cover system can be described as a scale-dependent hierarchical system and that its dynamics can be satisfactorily modelled as functions of biophysical and human drivers.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Costa Rica,
Modelling,
biophysical,
dimensions,
dynamics,
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
With increasing levels of wind generation capacity on electricity systems, system operators will need to adapt their system operation policy to facilitate the efficient and cost effective integration of wind power. This paper illustrate the relative merits of adopting different system operational approaches on a system with significant wind power capacity. The impact on conventional generation, reserve levels and emissions are assessed and the implications are discussed. The illustrations show that an operational approach, which incorporates wind forecast information, while considering an increased need for reserve due to wind power, results in a more efficient integration of the wind capacity.
This paper revisits the recent developments in biofuel markets and their economic, social and environmental impacts. Several countries have introduced mandates and targets for biofuel expansion. Production, international trade and investment have increased sharply in the last few years. However, some analysts linked biofuels to the 2007–2008 global food crisis. Existing studies diverge on the magnitude of the projected long-term impacts of biofuels on food prices and supply, with studies that model only the agricultural sector showing higher impacts and studies that model the entire economy showing relatively lower impacts. In terms of climate change mitigation, biofuels reduces GHG emissions only if GHG emissions...
This paper analyzes the co-benefits of transport sector electrification in terms of reductions of greenhouse gas and local environmental emissions, improvement in energy security and employment generation during 2015–2050 in the case of Nepal—a developing country with large hydropower potential. A bottom up energy system model of Nepal based on the MARKAL framework was developed to assess the effects of meeting a part of the land transport service demand through electrified mass transport system and electric vehicles. The present study shows that if the share of electricity based transport services is to grow from 10% in 2015 to 35% by 2050, the hydropower generation capacity would have to increase by 495 MW by...
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