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The table contains oxide and cation compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were calculated based on the oxide compositions and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Olivine is a magnesium iron orthosilicate mineral with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4. Olivine forms a solid solution series with magnesium (Mg) at one end and iron (Fe) at the other. Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is the magnesium endmember and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) is the iron endmember. Minor elements can substitute into the crystal structure, such as manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni). To better understand...
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor disease of marine turtles associated with Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) that has historically been refractory to growth in tissue culture. Here, we show for the first time de novo formation of ChHV5-positive intranuclear inclusions in cultured green turtle cells, which is indicative for active lytic replication of the virus. The minimal requirements to achieve lytic replication in cultured cells included 1) either in-vitro culturing of ChHV5-positive tumor biopsies or organotypic cultures consisting of ChHV5-positive turtle fibroblasts in collagen rafts seeded with ChHV5-negative or -positive turtle keratinocytes and 2) keratinocyte maturation, which occurred naturally in explanted...
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Echinoderms such as urchins are important in marine ecosystems, particularly as grazers, and unhealthy urchins can have important ecological implications. For instance, unexplained mortalities of Diadema sp. in the Caribbean were followed by algal overgrowth and subsequent collapse of coral reef ecosystems. Unfortunately few tools exist to evaluate echinoderm health making management of mortalities or other health issues problematic. Hematology is often used to assess animal health in many animal groups including invertebrates but is seldom applied to echninoderms. We used a standard gravitometric technique to concentrate fixed ceolomocytes from the collector urchin Tripneustes gratilla onto microscope slides permitting...
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The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) endmembers. Wollastonite (Wo) is the Ca-endmember with the formula Ca2Si2O6. Ferrosilite (Fs) is the Fe-endmember with the formula Fe2Si2O6, and enstatite (En) is the Mg-endmember with the formula Mg2Si2O6. In order to better understand the chemical compositions of the pyroxenes, the percent...
Sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is a suite of poorly described non-specific clinical signs including abnormal posture, epidermal ulceration, and limb autotomy (sloughing) causing mortalities of over 20 species of sea stars and subsequent ecological shifts throughout the northeastern Pacific. While SSWD is widely assumed to be infectious with environmental conditions facilitating disease progression, little data exist on cellular changes associated with disease that could inform mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host susceptibility. Here, we replicated SSWD by exposing captive Pisaster ochraceus to a suite of non-infectious organic substances and show that development of gross lesions is a basal to surface process...
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The table contains oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were then calculated and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Feldspar grains are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals with potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) endmembers. Anorthite has a chemical formula CaAlSi3O8; albite has the formula NaAlSi3O8; and orthoclase has the chemical formula KAlSi3O8. To better understand the composition of the measured feldspars, we calculated the anorthite content (An%) as (Ca/(Ca+Na+K)) x 100 and report the values in mol%. Albite (Ab%)...
    map background search result map search result map Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Chelonid herpesvirus 5 virus isolation data Data on blood cells of the collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Sea star wasting disease pathology Data on blood cells of the collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota Chelonid herpesvirus 5 virus isolation data