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This data release contains input data used in model development and TIF raster files used to predict the probability of high arsenic (As) and high manganese (Mn) in groundwater within the glacial aquifer system in the northern United States. Input data include measured As and Mn concentrations at groundwater wells, and associated predictor variable data. The probability of high As and high Mn was predicted using boosted regression tree methods using the gbm package in R version 4.0.0. The response variables for individual models were the occurrence of: (1) As >10 µg/L, and (2) Mn >300 µg/L. Water-quality data were compiled from three sources, as described in Wilson and others (2019): a compilation of data from numerous...
This data release contains input data used in model development and TIF raster files used to predict the probability of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high dissolved iron (Fe) in groundwater within the glacial aquifer system in the northern continental United States. Input data include measured DO and Fe concentrations at groundwater wells, and associated predictor variable data. The probability of low DO and high Fe was predicted using boosted regression tree methods using the gbm package in R (v. 4.0.0) in RStudio (v. 1.2.5042). The response variables for individual models were the occurrence of: (1) DO ≤0.5 mg/L, (2) DO ≤2 mg/L, and (3) Fe >100 µg/L. Water-quality data were compiled from three sources, as described...
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This data release documents nine Microsoft Excel tables that contain data for understanding groundwater ages in the Glacial aquifer system. Results for the three sample networks (PAS, principal aquifer study; MSS, modeling support study; FPS, flow path study) are described by three tables each: dissolved gas modeling results, environmental tracer concentrations (tritium, tritiogenic helium-3, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon-14, and radiogenic helium-4), and results for the mean age and age distribution. Tables are labeled by network and data type (as described below) separated by an underscore (_). For example, dissolved gas modeling results from the PAS network is label ‘PAS_NGmodel’. Dissolved gas modeling results...
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A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was developed to predict pH conditions in three-dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system (GLAC) of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,258 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of soils and aquifer materials strongly controls pH and when coupled with long flow paths, results in the most alkaline conditions. Conversely, in areas where glacial sediments are thin and carbonate-poor, pH conditions remain acidic. At depths typical of drinking-water supplies, predicted pH > 7.5 – which is associated with arsenic mobilization – occurs more frequently...
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Ensemble-tree machine learning (ML) regression models can be prone to systematic bias: small values are overestimated and large values are underestimated. Additional bias can be introduced if the dependent variable is a transform of the original data. Six methods were evaluated for their ability to correct systematic and introduced bias: (1) empirical distribution matching (EDM); (2) regression of observed on estimated values (ROE); (3) linear transfer function (LTF); (4) linear equation based on Z-score transform (ZZ); (5) second machine learning model used to estimate residuals (ML2-RES); and (6) Duan smearing estimate applied after ROE is implemented (ROE-Duan). The performance of the methods was evaluated using...
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This model archive makes available the calibrated Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential recharge for the glacial aquifer system east of the Rocky Mountains in the conterminous United States at a 1-kilometer (km) resolution for the period 1980-2011. The calibrated SWB model in this model archive and associated U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report is referred to as the glacial SWB model. Potential groundwater recharge was determined on a daily basis as precipitation in excess of interception, runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil water storage capacity. Daily groundwater recharge amounts were aggregated to an annual basis for grids available in this model archive. Potential recharge...
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This data release contains groundwater-quality data and well information for the glacial aquifer system in the northern USA. Water-quality data and well information were derived from a dataset compiled from three sources: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS; USGS, 1998, 2002), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS; USEPA, 2013), and numerous agencies and organizations at the state, regional, and local level. The data compilation of the National Water Quality Program’s groundwater assessment team is an internal dataset informally referred to as the National Groundwater Aggregation (NGA). The current study of groundwater...


    map background search result map search result map Dissolved Gas, Environmental Tracer Concentrations, and Lumped Parameter Modeling Results for Groundwater Age Dating in the Glacial Aquifer System, Conterminous United States Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential groundwater recharge for the glacial aquifer system east of the Rocky Mountains, 1980-2011 Data used to evaluate drinking water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Groundwater data, predictor variables, and rasters used for predicting redox conditions in the glacial aquifer, northern continental United States Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Groundwater data, predictor variables, and rasters used for predicting the probability of high arsenic and high manganese in the Glacial Aquifer System, northern continental United States Data Release for Evaluation of Six Methods for Correcting Bias in Estimates from Ensemble Tree Machine Learning Regression Models Dissolved Gas, Environmental Tracer Concentrations, and Lumped Parameter Modeling Results for Groundwater Age Dating in the Glacial Aquifer System, Conterminous United States Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model used to simulate potential groundwater recharge for the glacial aquifer system east of the Rocky Mountains, 1980-2011 Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Groundwater data, predictor variables, and rasters used for predicting redox conditions in the glacial aquifer, northern continental United States Groundwater data, predictor variables, and rasters used for predicting the probability of high arsenic and high manganese in the Glacial Aquifer System, northern continental United States Data used to evaluate drinking water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA Data Release for Evaluation of Six Methods for Correcting Bias in Estimates from Ensemble Tree Machine Learning Regression Models