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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
A sensitivity analysis of groundwater-recharge estimates from a water-budget model was completed for the islands of Oahu and Maui, Hawaii (Johnson and others, 2023). Results of the sensitivity analysis were used to quantify the relative importance of selected model parameters to recharge estimates for three moisture zones (dry, mesic, and wet) on Oahu and Maui. These shapefiles contain the boundaries of the moisture zones and boundaries of the model subareas that were used in the model simulations for Oahu and Maui. Attributes in the shapefiles include the names of the land-cover types assigned to model subareas and the mean annual recharge values determined for the model subareas for the baseline scenario of the...
LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 Canopy Base Height (CBH) supplies information used in fire behavior models to determine the critical point at which a surface fire will transition to a crown fire in conjunction with other environmental factors, such as wind speed and moisture content. CBH data are continuous from 0 to 9.9 meters (to the nearest 0.1m) and describe the lowest point in a stand where there is enough available fuel (0.25in diameter) to propagate fire vertically through the canopy. Critical CBH is defined as the lowest point at which the Canopy Bulk Density (CBD) is .012kg m-3. Under different scenarios of disturbance and based on previous research incorporating plot-level CBH calculations, CBH for disturbed areas...
LANDFIRE’s (LF) 2022 Vegetation Departure (VDep) product categorizes departure between current vegetation condition and reference vegetation condition, according to the methods outlined in the Interagency Fire Regime Condition Class Guidebook (FRCC Guidebook (Hann et al 2010)). VDep differs from the FRCC Guidebook, however, because it is based on the departure of current vegetation condition only, whereas the FRCC Guidebook approach includes departure of current fire regimes for the reference period. For VDep, summary units are defined as a BioPhysical Setting (BpS) with identical reference condition values regardless of map zone. For example, when a BpS is present in map zone 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, the reference...
Measurements of fog, wind, fog interception, soil moisture, and fog effects on plant water use and plant survival were collected to test a model to estimate CWI as a function of fog-water movement and vegetation characteristics.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Canopy Water Balance,
Climate Model,
Cloud Water Interception,
Fog Gauge,
Hawaii,
This research provides insight on Native Hawaiian relationships to drought historically as well as current practices within community-based management. Of importance are historical records of drought spanning short term in one section of an island to three generations across multiple islands. This dataset represents a survey of the Ulukau, Papakilo Database, and Kuluwaimaka Collection from the Bishop Museum for drought related environmental changes and natural climate indicators, traditional responses to related disasters. First, a review of Hawaiian proverbs (‘ōlelo no‘eau) related to drought and elements impacted by drought (e.g., plants, food resource, death, famine) identify perspectives that reflect household...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Drought,
Environmental Change,
Hawaii,
Hawaiian language,
Native communities,
We tested the utility of a protocol using genetic markers that previously proved successful to identify the sex of Vespertilionid bats on tissues collected from live bats and carcasses of varying age from the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus). This molecular method is based on genes unique to X and Y chromosomes in mammals and previously was used successfully on North American hoary bats (L. cinereus). Using genotyping, we determined the sex of 123 of 125 Hawaiian hoary bat tissue samples from carcasses. This dataset includes all 73 samples from the original data release, plus 58 additional samples. NOTE: While previous versions are available from the author, all the records in previous versions can be found...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Hawaii,
Hawaiian Islands,
Hawaiian hoary bat,
Maui,
Oahu,
LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 40 Scott and Burgan Fire Behavior Fuel Models (FBFM40) product represents distinct distributions of fuel loadings found among surface fuel components (live and dead), size classes, and fuel types (Scott & Burgan 2005). The fuel models are described by the most common fire carrying fuel type (grass, brush, timber, or slash), loading and surface area-to-volume ratio by size class and component, fuel bed depth, and moisture of extinction. FBFM40 contains more fuel models for every fuel type than 13 Anderson Fire Behavior Fuel Models (FBFM13), and the number of fuel models representing relatively high dead fuel moisture content is increased. In FBFM40 fuel models with an herbaceous component are...
LANDFIRE (LF) disturbance products are developed to provide temporal and spatial information related to landscape change. LF 2022 Fuel Disturbance (FDist) uses the latest Annual Disturbance products from the effective disturbance years of 2013 to 2022. FDist is created from LF 2022 Historical Disturbance (HDist) which in turn aggregates the Annual Disturbance products. FDist groups similar disturbance types, severities and time since disturbance categories which represent disturbance scenarios within the fuel environment. FDist is used in conjunction with Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT), Cover (FVC), and Height (FVH) to calculate Canopy Cover (CC), Canopy Height (CH), Canopy Bulk Density (CBD), Canopy Base Height (CBH),...
LANDFIRE (LF) 2022 Fuel Vegetation Cover (FVC) represents the LF Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) product, modified to represent pre-disturbance EVC in areas where disturbances have occurred over the past 10 years. EVC is mapped as continuous estimates of canopy cover for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms with a potential range from 10% to 100%. Continuous EVC values are binned to align with fuel model assignments when creating FVC. FVC is an input for fuel transitions related to disturbance. Fuel products in LF 2022 were created with LF 2016 Remap vegetation in non-disturbed areas. To designate disturbed areas where FVC is modified, the aggregated Annual Disturbance products from 2013 to 2022 in the Fuel Disturbance...
This product used species distribution modeling (SDM) to model the geographic distribution fire promoting grasses across the islands of Hawaii under both current climate conditions and under future climate change scenarios (RCP 8.5 at year 2100). The RCP 8.5 scenario assumes unmitigated and continued release of greenhouse grasses and continued human population growth. Six species of well established and widely distributed grasses (Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass), Cenchrus setaceus (fountain grass), Megathyrus maximus (guinea grass, Urochloa maxima, Pancicum maximum), Melinis minutiflora (mollasses grass), and Schizachyrium microstachyum (formerly referred to as S. condensatum...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Hawaii,
Species distribution modeling,
biota,
climate change,
fire,
The 2018 eruption from the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most significant and destructive events on the volcano in the past 200 years (Neal and others, 2019; Patrick and others, 2020; Anderson and others, 2023; Mulliken and others, 2024). Between May and September of that year, 24 fissures opened on the lower flank of the volcano, producing lava fountains and expansive lava flows that covered an area of 36 km2 (Neal and others, 2019; Zoeller and others, 2020). Effusion rates at the dominant vent, fissure 8, were often >100 m3 s-1, and the total eruptive volume is estimated at 0.9–1.4 km3 (Dietterich and others, 2021) making it one of the most voluminous effusive...
Note: this data release is currently being revised and is temporarily unavailable. This data release is a compilation of the locations of airborne geophysical surveys in the United States. The inventory documents public airborne geophysical surveys primarily flown by or contracted by the USGS from 1943 to present. In addition, surveys from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (DGGS): Airborne GeophysWeb, the Bureau of Land Management, the Department of Energy and other state agencies have also been included. The surveys have contributed to studies under USGS programs including Water, Geologic Mapping, Minerals, Energy, Environmental Health, Ecosystems,...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Under Revision;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Alabama,
Alaska,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
California,
LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) represents the current distribution of the terrestrial ecological systems classification developed by NatureServe for the western hemisphere. In this context, a terrestrial ecological system is defined as a group of plant community types that tend to co-occur within landscapes with similar ecological processes, substrates, and/or environmental gradients. EVT also includes ruderal or semi-natural vegetation types within the U.S. National Vegetation Classification [(NVC) https://usnvc.org/]. See the EVT product page (https://www.landfire.gov/evt.php) for more information about ecological systems and NVC classifications. EVT is mapped using decision...
LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Height (EVH) represents the average height of the dominant vegetation for a 30-m cell. EVH is produced separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms using training data depicting the average height weighted by species cover and Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) lifeform. Decision tree models using field reference data, lidar, and Landsat are developed separately for each lifeform, then lifeform specific height class layers are merged along with land cover into a single EVH product. EVH ranges are continuous for herbaceous lifeform ranging from 0.1 to 1 meter with decimeter increments, 0.1 to 3 meters for shrub lifeform, and 1 to 99 meters for tree lifeform....
Chronic Wasting Disease distribution in the United States by state and county (ver. 2.0, April 2024)
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a fatal, contagious, neuro-degenerative disease affecting multiple members of the Family Cervidae. First detected in 1967, the disease has, as of April 2024, been documented in free-ranging and/or captive cervid populations in 33 states, five Canadian provinces, the Republic of South Korea, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The data provided here contains information on the known, available, documented distribution of CWD in the United States that is current as of the publication date. The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) tracks changes to the known distribution of CWD in the form of a map (available on the NWHC website at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/expanding-distribution-chronic-wasting-disease....
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Alabama,
Alaska,
American Samoa,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
Previous research identified species of invasive plants in Hawai'i which are highly flammable and act as fuels in wildfires across Hawai'i. This work aimed to map the distribution of these species (largely grasses) around the islands of Hawai'i with the goal of using the locations for species distribution modeling. All data represents presence data, no absence data were recorded. Data are largely from within the past 20 years, but some georeferenced herbarium specimens go as far back as 1905. Data were obtained from georeferenced herbarium specimens, vegetation plot data, citizen science data (iNaturalist) reviewed by the authors, and data from roadside surveys conducted as part of this research to map these species....
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Hawaii,
biota,
gorse,
grass,
herbarium,
Measurements of fog, wind, fog interception, soil moisture, and fog effects on plant water use and plant survival were collected along with these vegetation data to test a model to estimate CWI as a function of fog-water movement and these vegetation characteristics.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Canopy Water Balance,
Climate Model,
Cloud Water Interception,
Hawaii,
Vegetation Characteristics,
Data of a calibrated fog gauge at each of the five stations. Parameters include total fog water collection, wind-driven rain collection, fog-only water collection, cloud water flux, and cloud liquid water content.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climate Variables,
Fog Gauge,
Hawaii,
farming
LANDFIRE's (LF) 2022 update (LF 2022) Existing Vegetation Cover (EVC) represents the vertically projected percent cover of the live canopy for a 30-m cell. EVC is produced separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms. Training data depicting percentages of canopy cover are obtained from plot-level ground-based visual assessments and lidar observations. These are combined with Landsat imagery (from multiple seasons), to inform models built independently for each lifeform. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms each have a potential range from 10% to 100% (cover values less than 10% are binned into the 10% value). The three independent lifeform datasets are merged into a single product based on the dominant...
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