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Humans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion, construction of roads, power lines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. We developed the map of the human footprint for the western United States from an analysis of 14 landscape structure and anthropogenic features: human habitation, interstate highways, federal and state highways, secondary roads, railroads, irrigation canals, power lines, linear feature densities, agricultural land, campgrounds, highway...
Dataset was clipped to the original WLCI Area of Interest, effective 2007-May 2009, by USGS staff. This layer is based on Geographic Coordinate Data Base (GCDB) coordinate data. The locations of Public Land Survey System (PLSS) corners, as represented in geographic coordinate pairs, were derived from a variety of source documents, which include U.S. General Land Office and BLM survey plats/notes, as well as survey data obtained from other U.S. Government agencies, private sector survey firms, and local governments. The attributes assigned to PLSS polygons were taken from the BLM's Legal Land Description (LLD) data set, contained within the Legacy Rehost for the year 2000 (LR2000) automated records system. The coordinate...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: administrative,
boundary,
human,
map,
political
The aim of this study is to develop a method that allows selecting appropriate measures for reductions in negative environmental impacts on a regional energy system. In this paper a sophisticated screening method based on theoretical and practical basics of decision-making is proposed. The proposed method is applied and tested on the energy system of a typical rural middle-sized region in Latvia. The starting point for energy system analysis was evaluation of DSM (demand side management) options but later authors chose to include also primary energy to evaluate the whole regional energy system. The proposed method foresees different aspects: not only technical and economical possibilities, but also political and...
This article explores the institutional architecture in place to govern energy in the US and its underlying principles. More specifically, it identifies the key institutions involved with energy decision-making, with an emphasis on the national level and key legislative acts of the past four decades. The second section explores six historic guiding principles connected with national energy production and use, and the third section identifies how each of these conditions is eroding. The fourth section highlights the general implications of this shift for energy governance, namely that energy decision-making is now complex, inconsistent, vertically and horizontally fragmented and politicized.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Case studies,
Natural,
Rio de la Plata,
basin,
change,
The history of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration from the Upper Devonian Bakken and Mississippian Lodgepole source rocks in the Williston Basin has been successfully replicated by a 330-km long TEMISPACK model, running from the centre of Williston Basin to the Wapella oilfield in Saskatchewan. The model shows that oil generation is the cause of overpressures in the Bakken Fm., where shale vertical permeabilities must be as low as 10-2-10 -3 nD when overpressures are around 15 MPa. Hydraulic fracturing threshold was not commonly reached. Yet, our model suggests that expulsion efficiencies are as high as 0.85. Observed very low Bakken shale porosities (0.03) are entirely consistent with this result....
This model provides one view of ecological integrity for the ecoregion, based on a model of landscape condition, which has been summed into the 4x4km grid cells. Anthropogenic stressors come in many forms, from regional patterns of acid deposition or climate-induced ecosystem change, to local-scale patterns in agricultural drainage ditches and tiles, point-source pollution, land-conversion, and transportation corridors, among others. To be effective, a landscape condition model needs to incorporate multiple stressors, their varying individual intensities, the combined and cumulative effect of those stressors, and if possible, some measure of distance away from each stressor where negative effects remain likely....
Humans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion, construction of roads, power lines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. We developed the map of the human footprint for the western United States from an analysis of 14 landscape structure and anthropogenic features: human habitation, interstate highways, federal and state highways, secondary roads, railroads, irrigation canals, power lines, linear feature densities, agricultural land, campgrounds, highway...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Arizona,
California,
Idaho,
Montana,
Nevada,
Humans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion, construction of roads, power lines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. We developed the map of the human footprint for the western United States from an analysis of 14 landscape structure and anthropogenic features: human habitation, interstate highways, federal and state highways, secondary roads, railroads, irrigation canals, power lines, linear feature densities, agricultural land, campgrounds, highway...
In this article, the Lovins'[2] explain what is meant by Natural Capitalism, four principles that enable business to behave responsibly towards both nature and people while increasing profits, inspiring their workforce and gaining competitive advantage. It combines radically increased resource productivity; closed-loop, zero-waste, nontoxic production; a business model that rewards both; and reinvestment in natural capital. The article describes how, even today, when nature and people are typically valued at zero, protecting and restoring nature, culture and community can be far more profitable than liquidating them.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Case studies,
Natural,
Rio de la Plata,
basin,
change,
A regularly raised concern for wind farms is the number of species and rate of bird and bat collisions with turbines. Australian regulators require, at some operating wind farms, the monitoring of bird and bat collisions. Although monitoring is becoming more commonplace, the area recommended for searching beneath turbines is inconsistent, with many guidelines both in Australia and overseas being based on conjecture rather than empirical evidence. This has the potential to bias survey results, reduce confidence in the data collected, and preclude meaningful comparisons between sites. By having a measure of the range of the fall zone of a bird or bat, a survey can be designed that ensures that an adequate area is...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Disease,
Population,
Sage-grouse,
conservation,
footprint,
Abstrac As a pilot study potential biophysical and human land use drivers in Costa Rica were evaluated using multi-variate statistical methods in a nested scale analysis. The reconstructed land use drivers and their quantified effects on land use were applied within a dynamic framework CLUE (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects) to model land use dynamics in Costa Rica from 1973 to 1984. Our pilot study demonstrates that a land use/cover system can be described as a scale-dependent hierarchical system and that its dynamics can be satisfactorily modelled as functions of biophysical and human drivers.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Costa Rica,
Modelling,
biophysical,
dimensions,
dynamics,
Methane and nitrous oxide are potent greenhouse gases whose atmospheric abundances have increased significantly in the past 200 years, together accounting for approximately half of the radiative forcing associated with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. In order to understand the factors causing increase of these gases globally, we need to determine their emission rates at regional to continental scales. We directly link atmospheric observations with surface emissions using a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model, and then determine emission rates by optimizing prior emissions estimates. We use measurements from NOAA's tall tower and aircraft program in 2004, The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport...
This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The Biodiversity Conservation category in this web service includes layers illustrating the ecosystems and natural resources that support biodiversity, the need or demand for conservation, the impacts associated with biodiversity and conservation, and factors that place stress on the natural environment's capability to maintain biodiversity. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web...
The TIGER/Line Files are shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The purpose of this file is to provide the geography for the 2010 Census Blocks along with their 2010 housing unit count and population. Census Blocks are statistical areas bounded on all sides by visible features, such as streets, roads, streams, and railroad tracks, and/or by nonvisible boundaries such as city, town, township, and county limits, and short line-of-sight extensions of streets and roads. Blocks are the smallest geographic...
The aim of this study is to develop a method that allows selecting appropriate measures for reductions in negative environmental impacts on a regional energy system. In this paper a sophisticated screening method based on theoretical and practical basics of decision-making is proposed. The proposed method is applied and tested on the energy system of a typical rural middle-sized region in Latvia. The starting point for energy system analysis was evaluation of DSM (demand side management) options but later authors chose to include also primary energy to evaluate the whole regional energy system. The proposed method foresees different aspects: not only technical and economical possibilities, but also political and...
Metadata created by USGS staff. Data downloaded from USGS WaterWatch (http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch) 5/13/08. These data represent the locations of USGS streamgages. Please note: data tagged in the attributes represents conditions from the day the data was downloaded. See hyperlinked URL in attributes for current conditions at a streamgage. Original File Name: realstx The "Real-time streamflow" map tracks short-term changes (over several hours) in rivers and streams. Although the general appearance of the map changes very little from one hour to the next, individual sites may change rapidly in response to major rain events or to reservoir releases.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: abiotic,
earth,
human,
hydrologic,
map,
Total water demand (gallons per day per acre) summarized to 12-digit HUC watersheds was derived from EnviroAtlas agricultural, domestic, industrial, and thermoelectric water demand datasets.Information about the original EPA data is as follows:Agricultural water demand:The EnviroAtlas national water demand metric provides insight into the amount of water currently used for agricultural irrigation in the contiguous United States. The values are based on 2005 irrigation water use; combined 2010 crop, 2006 land use, and 2001 remotely sensed irrigation location estimates; and have been summarized by watershed or 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC). Agricultural irrigation water use, as defined in this case, meets a...
This map was developed to map the probablity of cheatgrass in order to examine the overlap of cheatgrass with high priority sagebrush restoration areas. Logistic regression was used to create linear models that were than spatially applied to the landscape. Inputs for regression analysis included elevation, precipitation, soil pH, soil depth, soil salinity, and available water capacity extracted at 6,736 field sampling locations where cheatgrass occurrence was determined.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Disease,
Population,
Sage-grouse,
conservation,
footprint,
In this paper we review threshold behaviour in environmental systems, which are often associated with the onset of floods, contamination and erosion events, and other degenerative processes. Key objectives of this review are to a) suggest indicators for detecting threshold behavior, b) discuss their implications for predictability, c) distinguish different forms of threshold behavior and their underlying controls, and d) hypothesise on possible reasons for why threshold behaviour might occur. Threshold behaviour involves a fast qualitative change of either a single process or the response of a system. For elementary phenomena this switch occurs when boundary conditions (e.g., energy inputs) or system states as expressed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Threshold,
behaviour,
controls,
geo-ecosystems,
human,
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