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Our research focuses on developing methods to analyze volcano-hydrothermal systems and on the application of these methods to particular volcanic systems in the western United States. Specific research questions include (1) What are the modes of heat and mass transport from magma to the shallow subsurface? (2) What are the pressure, temperature, and fluid-saturation conditions between magma and the land surface? (3) What controls the permeability of volcanoes? How does it vary in space and time? What role do temporal variations in permeability play in the evolution of volcanogenic hydrothermal systems and episodes of volcanic unrest? (4) How well-coupled are various fluid flow, transport, and mechanical deformation...
Quantitative understanding of groundwater and gas-rich fluid- and thermodynamics in volcanic areas is important for several reasons: 1) as a major source of hazard such as propellant in steam-driven explosions, lubricant in mudflows, and transport agent for toxic constituents such as arsenic and mercury that are dissolved from fresh volcanic rock, 2) groundwater pressure, temperature and chemical changes might signal one of the earliest warnings of volcanic unrest, 3) exploration and mining of geothermal energy and mineral deposits. Many of the geochemical, geodetic, and seismic signals measured at the ground surface as part of the volcano monitoring strategies have hydrothermal origins or magmatic origins modulated...
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Problem The Village of Dryden, rural homeowners, farms, and businesses in the Virgil Creek Valley tap several confined sand and gravel aquifers in the Virgil Creek valley in the town of Dryden . The valley contains a large moraine with complex stratigraphy consisting of continuous and discontinuous layers of till, lake deposits, and glaciofluvial sand and gravel. Sand and gravel units form the aquifers in the valley-fill deposits. There are at least three extensive confined aquifer units at various depths. However, little is known about (1) the location of recharge and discharge areas, (2) direction of groundwater flow, (3) extent of hydraulic connection between aquifer units, and (4) extent of surface- and ground-water...
To elucidate and quantitatively explain the behavior of hydrogeologic systems typically characterized by hydrogeologic and physics-based complexity and data scarcity, for purposes of developing theory when needed, and with a focus on practical management (use and preservation) of water-resource systems to benefit humankind.
Hydrology of Fractured Rocks: My research objectives currently focus on characterizing the heterogeneity of fractured rock properties, and understanding the role of this heterogeneity in groundwater flow, chemical transport, and contaminant remediation. I conduct this research through methods development, field investigations, and numerical modeling. For example, recent research involves numerical modeling of multiple cross hole field aquifer tests in fractured rocks to test hypotheses about the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity at different scales. My research also includes collaboration on a range of topics with objectives related to contaminant characterization and remediation in fractured rocks....
Management of ground-water resources requires that the extent and rate of movement of contaminants in the saturated and unsaturated zones be understood. The contaminants have been and will continue to be both accidentally and deliberately introduced into ground- water systems. Some of these contaminants constitute very hazardous conditions. Because of the immediacy of such contamination problems, understanding of the physical and chemical processes needs to be increased rapidly, and mathematical models derived from this understanding validated and documented. Although the basic mathematical transport models for ground-water systems have been developed, many of the parameters in these models have not been adequately...
Geophysical data are recorded for water wells and test holes, but interpretation is subject to significant uncertainties. The data are used in ground-water models to evaluate potential waste disposal sites and the effects of ground-water contamination and to guide development of aquifers, including geothermal reservoirs. The development of quantitative log-interpretation techniques to derive more accurate data and to evaluate the statistical uncertainty in the data will reduce costs in ground-water investigations. Project objectives are to (1) evaluate presently available logging equipment and log-interpretation packages and develop improved instrumentation and analytical techniques for specific ground-water problems...
Categories: Project; Tags: Fractured Rock, Hydrogeology
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In FY12, hydrogeomorphic methodology was being applied along 670 miles of the Missouri River from Decatur, Nebraska to St. Louis, Missouri. In FY15, additional resources extended the HGM up river to Gavin’s Point Dam, West Yankton, South Dakota (approximate river mile 811), the location of the most downstream mainstem dam; thus encompassing the entire free flowing reach of the Missouri River and increasing the study area by approximately 800,000 acres. Using this method, engineers and ecologists will incorporate state-of-the-art scientific knowledge of ecological processes and key fish and wildlife species to identify options by which to emulate natural hydrologic and vegetation/ animal community dynamics. Results...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, Conservation NGOs, All tags...
The responsible use of our Nation's ground-water resources requires an ability to predict changes in water quality as a result of human impacts. Prediction of chemical quality in the ground-water environment depends on a detailed understanding of both chemical and hydrologic processes. To determine the spatial and temporal variability of ground-water quality, it is necessary to identify reactions occurring in the system, to define their kinetic and thermodynamic properties, and to determine how the configuration of the hydrologic regime influences ground-water quality. The objectives of this project are to: (1) identify chemical reactions in ground-water systems using observed chemical and isotopic composition of...
This project investigates the spatial and temporal variability of ground-water surface-water exchange in response to changes in the geometry and hydrogeologic properties of this interface that are driven by episodic and sustained fluvial and hydrologic events. Episodic events are common and occur across a broad range of physical and climatic settings and are rarely accounted for in scientific investigations or resource management. Linkages between a dynamic sediment-water interface and the resulting fluxes between ground water and surface water need to be understood, quantified, and modeled to determine their influence on the quantity and quality of our Nation’s water resources as well as the ecological changes...
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INTRODUCTION • Concerns over the viability of the fractured bedrock aquifer that provides about 1/3 of Rockland County’s water supply prompted a 5-year study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to (1) define the hydrogeologic framework of the aquifer, (2) assess conditions within it, and (3) identify other potential sources of water for the County. The study was done in cooperation with Rockland County and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. • Population growth in Rockland County to nearly 300,000 people has been paralleled by significant hydrologic changes over the past 50 years –water demand and impervious surface area have increased, and sanitary sewers now serve most areas and discharge...
Advance the utility of environmental models by improving how models are tested against data and how they are used to understand simulated processes, predictions and prediction uncertainty. This includes ways of making models more transparent and refutable. Making a model transparent means that tests of model adequacy are clearly defined and conducted and the importance of different aspects of the model to predictions of interest are readily apparent. Thus, in more transparent models it is easier to determine what data and simulated processes dominate model development, predictions, and measures of prediction uncertainty. I consider sensitivity analysis to be a primary way of making models more transparent. Making...
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Problem - The entire Tug Hill glacial aquifer is a 47-mile-long, crescent-shaped mixture of glacial deposits of predominantly sand and gravel on the western side of the Tug Hill Plateau in Jefferson, Oswego, and Oneida Counties in north central New York. The Tug Hill aquifer can be divided into three parts (northern, central, and southern) based on geohydrological setting, depositional history, and type of glacial deposits (fig. 1). In this study, the name “Tug Hill glacial aquifer” refers only to the 29-mi-long northern and central parts of the Tug Hill aquifer. (The southern part was not included in this investigation.) For this study, the division between the northern and central parts of the aquifer was placed...
Toxic contaminants and naturally occurring substances found in the subsurface can exist in multiple phases, and undergo complex reactions including biodegradation. A comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the processes controlling the fate and transport of subsurface contaminants is necessary to develop policies and strategies for managing water-quality conditions in different land use and environmental settings. Numerical models that simulate flow, transport, and reactions are useful tools for understanding the fate of chemicals in the subsurface when used in conjunction with field and laboratory studies. The research efforts of this project consider flow and chemical behavior in the saturated and unsaturated...
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Background Since 1980 the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in upstate New York, first in cooperation with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), and later in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), Division of Water. The objective of this program is to define the hydrogeology of important stratified-drift aquifers in upstate New York, and to present the information as individual sets of maps at a 1:24,000 scale. Each published report from this program describes the hydrogeology of a specific aquifer or section of aquifer, and depicts selected hydrogeologic characteristics. These reports form the foundation of NYSDEC's...
Improve our understanding of groundwater flow and transport by developing and using environmental tracers to characterize groundwater flow and transport, and by developing new methods for combining tracer analysis and groundwater model calibration.
My goal is to improve the quality of groundwater modeling both inside and outside the USGS by making it easier for modelers to create models and to examine the results of those models. I do this, in part, by writing graphical user interfaces for the models. Another important aspect of my work is to provide support for modelers who have run into technical difficulties.
Develop, enhance, and extend theory and methods to investigate and characterize fluid flow, solute transport, heat transport, and stress/deformation changes in fractured and porous media for application to diverse areas, including the assessment of groundwater availability in bedrock terrains, remediation of contaminated sites, and evaluation of potential hazards such as induced seismicity from fluid injection.
The responsible use of our Nation's ground-water resources requires an ability to predict changes in water quality as a result of human impacts. Prediction of chemical quality in the ground-water environment depends on a detailed understanding of both chemical and hydrologic processes. To determine the spatial and temporal variability of ground-water quality, it is necessary to identify reactions occurring in the system, to define their kinetic and thermodynamic properties, and to determine how the configuration of the hydrologic regime influences ground-water quality. The objectives of this project are to: (1) identify chemical reactions in ground-water systems using observed chemical and isotopic composition of...
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Problem Perchlorate detected in a shallow supply well within the southern portion of the Locust Valley Water District (LVWD) has prompted interest in determining the possible existence of a deeper confined aquifer (North Shore Aquifer) that may be protected from shallow contamination (fig. 1). Previous USGS studies in this area indicate the northern part of Nassau County has a complex hydrogeologic framework (Stumm and others, 2004). A previously mapped buried glacial valley may extend and be present at this location. If such a buried valley exists, all Cretaceous age deposits (Magothy aquifer, Raritan clay, and Lloyd aquifer) may have been eroded and Pleistocene-aged deposits including the North Shore aquifer...
map background search result map search result map A Hydrogeomorphic approach to evaluate ecosystem restoration and habitat management for the Lower Missouri River Detailed Aquifer Mapping in the Greene-Kattelville area of New York Hydrogeology of the Virgil Creek Valley in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Geohydrology and Water Quality of the Northern and Central Parts of the Tug Hill Glacial Aquifer, Jefferson and Oswego Counties, North Central New York Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the North Shore Aquifer in Locust Valley, Town of Oyster Bay, New York Rockland County Water-Resource Assessment Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the North Shore Aquifer in Locust Valley, Town of Oyster Bay, New York Hydrogeology of the Virgil Creek Valley in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York Detailed Aquifer Mapping in the Greene-Kattelville area of New York Rockland County Water-Resource Assessment Geohydrology and Water Quality of the Northern and Central Parts of the Tug Hill Glacial Aquifer, Jefferson and Oswego Counties, North Central New York A Hydrogeomorphic approach to evaluate ecosystem restoration and habitat management for the Lower Missouri River