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Between March 2002 and May 2011 periodic water level measurements were made in the well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano using a 2,000-foot calibrated electric tape (Waterline Envirotech Ltd.) with graduations of 0.01 foot. Water level measurements resumed in March 2018. Calibration of the electric tape at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in November 2018 revealed a displacement of 0.29 feet over 1,980 feet of the electric tape. We therefore estimate that the accuracy of the water level measurements is 0.3 foot (±9 cm). Water level measurements were referenced to the top of the wellhead, located at 1103 meters above sea level at the time of drilling in 1973.
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This child item contains zipped monthly folders for data collected during 2021.
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This data release contains results of model simulations of a plume at Kilauea volcano that occurred on 20 December 2020. The ash-poor plume was produced when lava flowed into a water lake at the summit of Kilauea volcano. Simulations were conducted to constrain the conditions under which the plume rose to its observed height. The analysis and results are described in the accompanying paper: Cahalan RC, Mastin L, Van Eaton A, Hurwitz S, Smith AB, Dufek J, Solovitz SA, Patrick M, Schmith J, Parcheta C, Thelen W, Downs DT (2023 (in press)) Dynamics of the December 2020 ash-poor plume formed by lava-water interaction at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Lava cascades (left) on Makaopuhi lava lake. Photo by D.L. Peck, March 5, 1965. Index card: Kilauea east rift: Makaopuhi lava lake, aerial view; lava cascades at left. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. March 5, 1965. (Phot by D.L. Peck)
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fourth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. A steady stream of lake lava flows westward into the small circular pond over the vent. The lake level is approximately 15 feet below the high mark of a few hours earlier. View is from the north end of Byron Ledge. Photo by the National Park Service, late morning, December 5, 1959. Figure 22, U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 537-E.
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Album caption: Photograph of trailer-mounted drill rig used during 1968-69. A closer view of the drilling head. The water pump is shown in the right background. Drilling was done using an NX core barrel and bits attached to an AX drill string. Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. circa. 1968. Published as figure 8B in U. S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 1004. 1977.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. February 1969 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Opening of a fissure across Chain of Craters Road west of Alae Crater: 2:08 p.m., February 22, 1969, lava fountains from the fissure extend into the forest on the right side of the road, setting fires and forming tree molds. The lava flow advances along the highway causing the asphalt to melt and, in places, burn. The asphalt pavement is buried by a thin flow and can commonly be located and mapped by observing the black discoloration of the flow due to tarry substances distilled from the asphalt. Photo by J.C. Forbes. Figure 13-E, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 891. Photos sda00013, ska00014, sda00015, sda00016, and sda00017 form...
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Album caption: Photograph of drill core for 68-2. 0-17.0 ft. Cooling and crystallization of tholeiitic basalt, 1965 Makaopuhi Lake. Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Published as figure 25A in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 1004. 1977.
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Index card: Kilauea east rift: Kapoho. 1960 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. View of burning house. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii County, Hawaii. January 23, 1960. Note: Similar to Hawaii Volcanoes Observatory photograph number 39, hvo0039.
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This child item contains zipped monthly folders for data collected during 2019.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eighth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Area on the rim of the crater opposite a vent deluged by spatter. Denuded and burned ohia trees on the rim of the main crater wall almost 1,000 feet from the vent. December 11, 1959. Figure 27 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00066.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Small incandescent tongues of very fluid lava flowing into the west bay of the crater from the base of the fountain. View is from Byron Ledge. 9:00 p.m., November 28, 1959. Figure 16, U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Fountain and lake during the last day of the first phase, viewed from Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. Exceptionally level surface of the 330-foot deep lava lake. Lighter areas and bands are fluid lava oozing and squeezing up around foundering plates of the crust on the continually reworked surface. #1:00 p.m., November 21, 1959. Figure 13 (bottom), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. See also photo rdh00046.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. A few cracks on Makaopuhi lava lake showing glow of lava. Photo by D.L. Peck, March 11, 1965. Index card: Kilauea east rift: Makaopuhi lava lake, aerial view. A few cracks showing glow of lava. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. March 11, ,1965. (Photo by D.L. Peck)
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Development of a 850-foot lava fountain with greatly increased lava output and the rise of a 130-foot deep lava lake, viewed from Byron Ledge overlook. 5:30 p.m., November 18, 1959. Figure 10 (middle left), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1967-1968 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Halemaumau fire pit eruption. Lava flows and fountains from the 1921 high rim. View is northwest. 10:15 p.m., December 26, 1967.
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Album caption: Photograph of drill core for 68-1. A, 0-14.4 ft. Cooling and crystallization of tholeiitic basalt, 1965 Makaopuhi Lake. Kilauea Volcano.Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Published as figure 24A in U.S.Geological Survey. Professional paper 1004. 1977.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Braided lava cascades down the crater wall to the lava river, the main cascade, and the lava lake, viewed from Byron Ledge overlook. Fume rises from the fountain and from the dead vents. On the north wall of the crater, a number of forest fires sweep up the slope. Photo by U.S. National Park Service, November 15, 1959. Published as Figure 7, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 537-E. Compare with photo rdh00079 taken after activity ceased.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Main fountain, lava river, cascades, and lava lake, viewed from the west end of Kilauea Iki Crater overlook. The main fountain, about 150 feet high, feeds the incised lava cascade that pours down the steep slope to the river. Note the extreme turbulence at the base of the cascade. 3:00 p.m., November 16, 1959. Figure 8 (top photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E.
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eleventh phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Pumice blanket in the Summer Camp area 3,000 feet southwest of the vent. The total pumice depth is about 55 inches. December 15, 1959. Figure 19 (bottom photo), U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 537-E. Compare with photo rdh00054.
map background search result map search result map View of burning house. Kilauea east rift, Kilauea Volcano eruption. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1960. The March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. The March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. 1967 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. 1967. Eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volc in ano, first phase of activityKilauea Iki Crater. 1959. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eleventh phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fourth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eighth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Photograph of trailer-mounted drill rig used during 1968-69. Hawaii County, Hawaii. circa. 1968. Photograph of drill core for 68-1. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Photograph of drill core for 68-2. 0-17.0 ft. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Water Levels 2019 2021 Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume Water Levels 2019 2021 View of burning house. Kilauea east rift, Kilauea Volcano eruption. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1960. 1967 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. 1967. Eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volc in ano, first phase of activityKilauea Iki Crater. 1959. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, first phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, third phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eleventh phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, fourth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1959 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, eighth phase of activity in Kilauea Iki Crater. Photograph of trailer-mounted drill rig used during 1968-69. Hawaii County, Hawaii. circa. 1968. Photograph of drill core for 68-1. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Photograph of drill core for 68-2. 0-17.0 ft. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Hawaii County, Hawaii. 1968. Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume The March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. The March 1965 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii.