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Summary Human activities have historically affected hydrology in the upper Midwestern United States, specifically through the conversion of forests and prairie grasslands to agricultural uses. The hydrologic impacts of land-use change due to settlement on the water balance of three Great Lakes states: Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan were analyzed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) large-scale hydrology model, and changes in the spatial distribution of vegetation types were studied. Point model simulations demonstrated that the VIC model simulated changes in average annual and monthly evapotranspiration (ET) and total runoff response were in the same direction and had similar magnitudes to values from...
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The dataset describes rangeland monitoring results from the Hanksville, UT (USA) area. Monitoring results consist of canopy cover of plant species and functional types according to ecological site group from 1967 to 2013. The study area is bordered on the north by the Wayne-Emery County line, on the west by Capitol Reef National Park, and on the south and east by the Colorado River, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, and Canyonlands National Park. Cover was estimated every 1 to 5 years (except the last measurement that had a 12 year interval) from 1967 to 2013 at 36 permanently marked sites in 15 livestock grazing allotments/pastures. Canopy cover of perennial plant species was estimated to the nearest tenth...
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Public access spatial analysis and statistic summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of public access across the nation, as represented by the Public Access Category (see Public Access Cat Definition sheet in Microsoft Excel downloads). Area statistics include total acreage, acres by managing agency, and percent access. These summaries are available for various units: National, State, Department of the Interior Region, Congressional District, County, Hydrologic Unit Code 12, EcoRegions I-IV, Urban Areas. Overlapping designation boundaries are intersected into fee simple lands in the Vector Analysis File ( https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6064e0edd34eff1443414d6f...
Categories: Data; Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...
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This data release supports the manuscript: Walker, R.H. and A.W. Walters. 2019. A mechanistic understanding of ecological responses to anthropogenic surface disturbance in headwater streams. Ecosphere 10(10):e02907. 10.1002/ecs2.2907. It includes one data set with physicochemical and biological data from 40 stream sites (100 m length) in the Wyoming Range for summer 2016.
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Spatial analysis and statistical summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of management intent for biodiversity protection, natural resource management, and recreation access across the nation. The PAD-US 2.1 Combined Fee, Designation, Easement feature class (with Military Lands and Tribal Areas from the Proclamation and Other Planning Boundaries feature class) was modified to remove overlaps, avoiding overestimation in protected area statistics and to support user needs. A Python scripted process ("CreateVectorAnalysisFileScript.zip" associated item of PAD-US 2.1 Spatial Analysis and Statistics, 2021; https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KJLB3Q)...
Categories: Data; Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...
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Protection Status spatial analysis and statistical summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of management intent to protect biodiversity across the nation and identify areas managed for multiple uses, including natural resource extraction, as represented by the GAP Status Code (see GAP Status Code Definition sheet in all associated Summary Statistics by GAP Status Code Microsoft Excel Workbook download). Area statistics include total acreage, acres by managing agency, and percent protection. These summaries are available for various units of interest to stakeholders: National, State, Department of the Interior Region,...
Categories: Data; Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...
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The study will: 1) improve the integration of state water-use and water supply data; 2) develop a basin-wide surface-water hydrologic model capable of evaluating the impacts of land-use change, climate change, and changes in water demand; and 3) develop a scientific approach to defining relations between streamflow processes and the responses of aquatic organisms in tributary streams.
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Spatial analysis and statistical summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of management intent for biodiversity protection, natural resource management, and recreation access across the nation. This data release presents results from statistical summaries of the PAD-US 2.1 protection status for various land unit boundaries (Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) 2.1 Summary Statistics by GAP Status Code) as well as summaries of public access status (Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) 2.1 Summary Statistics by Public Access Category), provided in Microsoft Excel readable workbooks,...
Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...
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This data release contains model input and output files for simulating and predicting thermal spring flows at Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Hot Springs, Arkansas. A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework of the Hot Springs anticlinorium beneath Hot Springs National Park was constructed to represent the complex hydrogeology of HOSP and surrounding areas to depths exceeding 9,000 feet below ground surface. The framework, composed of 6 rock formations and 1 vertical fault emplaced beneath the thermal springs, was discretized into 19 layers, 429 rows, and 576 columns and incorporated into a 3-dimensional steady-state groundwater-flow model constructed in MODFLOW-2005. Historical daily mean thermal spring flows...
In this paper I discuss general conceptual issues in the estimation of the impacts of CO2 emissions from soils and biomass, over time, as a result of land-use change (LUC) due to increased demand for energy crops. The effect of LUC on climate depends generally on the magnitude and timing of changes in soil and plant carbon, and in particular on the timing and extent of the reversion of land to original ecosystems at the end of the bioenergy program. Depending on whether one counts the climate impacts of any reversion of land uses, and how one values future climate-change impacts relative to present impacts, one can estimate anywhere from zero to very large climate impacts due to land-use change (LUC). I argue that...
Anthropogenic activity is causing dramatic changes in the nitrogen (N) cycle in many ecosystems. Most research has focused on the increase in N input caused by atmospheric deposition and invasion of N-fixing species, and on their effects on resource availability and species composition. However, in contrast to many ecosystems experiencing large increases in N input, many arid ecosystems are experiencing loss of nutrients due to land-use change. An important component of many arid ecosystems on a worldwide basis is the microbiotic crust, a biological soil crust composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, mosses, and algae. Nitrogen fixation by lichens and cyanobacteria comprising the crust is the primary source of N input...
Microbiotic crusts are biological soil crusts composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, algae, mosses, and fungi. The biodiversity of these crusts is poorly understood; several cosmopolitan species dominate in most areas, but many species are confined to one or a few sites. Nitrogen fixation by organisms within the crust can be the dominant source of nitrogen input into many ecosystems, although rates of nitrogen input are limited by water availability, temperature, and nitrogen loss from the crust. Photosynthetic rates of the microbiotic crust can be 50% of those observed for higher plants, but the contribution of crusts to carbon cycling is not known. The microbiotic crust binds soil particles together, and this significantly...
Microbiotic crusts are biological soil crusts composed of lichens, cyanobacteria, algae, mosses, and fungi. The biodiversity of these crusts is poorly understood; several cosmopolitan species dominate in most areas, but many species are confined to one or a few sites. Nitrogen fixation by organisms within the crust can be the dominant source of nitrogen input into many ecosystems, although rates of nitrogen input are limited by water availability, temperature, and nitrogen loss from the crust. Photosynthetic rates of the microbiotic crust can be 50% of those observed for higher plants, but the contribution of crusts to carbon cycling is not known. The microbiotic crust binds soil particles together, and this significantly...
Recent energy development has resulted in rapid and large-scale changes to western shrub-steppe ecosystems without a complete understanding of its potential impacts on wildlife populations. We modeled winter habitat use by female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana, USA, to 1) identify landscape features that influenced sage-grouse habitat selection, 2) assess the scale at which selection occurred, 3) spatially depict winter habitat quality in a Geographic Information System, and 4) assess the effect of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) development on winter habitat selection. We developed a model of winter habitat selection based on 435 aerial relocations...
In the western United States, more than 79 000 km2 has been converted to irrigated agriculture and urban areas. These changes have the potential to alter surface temperature by modifying the energy budget at the land–atmosphere interface. This study reports the seasonally varying temperature responses of four regional climate models (RCMs) – RSM, RegCM3, MM5-CLM3, and DRCM – to conversion of potential natural vegetation to modern land-cover and land-use over a 1-year period. Three of the RCMs supplemented soil moisture, producing large decreases in the August mean (− 1.4 to − 3.1 °C) and maximum (− 2.9 to − 6.1 °C) 2-m air temperatures where natural vegetation was converted to irrigated agriculture. Conversion to...
Pulses of water availability characterize semiarid and arid ecosystems. Most precipitation events in these ecosystems are small (?10 mm), but can stimulate carbon flux. The large proportion of carbon stored belowground and small carbon inputs create the potential for these small precipitation events to have large effects on carbon cycling. Land-use change can modify these effects through alteration of the biota and soil resources. The goal of our research was to determine how small precipitation events (2, 5, and 10 mm) affected the dynamics of soil carbon flux and water loss in previously cultivated Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields and undisturbed shortgrass steppe. Total carbon loss and duration of elevated...
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NOTE: A more current version of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) is available: PAD-US 2.1 https://doi.org/10.5066/P92QM3NT. The USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) is the nation's inventory of protected areas, including public land and voluntarily provided private protected areas, identified as an A-16 National Geospatial Data Asset in the Cadastre Theme (https://communities.geoplatform.gov/ngda-cadastre/). The PAD-US is an ongoing project with several published versions of a spatial database including areas dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity, and other natural (including extraction), recreational, or cultural uses, managed for these purposes...
Categories: Data, Map; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...
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Sagebrush ecosystems and wildlife that depend on them are under pressure from development, changing climate, as well as natural and human-caused disturbance. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are of particular concern due to population declines across many western states. We initiated a study to evaluate landscape-level changes ( disturbances, habitat treatments, development, and climate change) in Wyoming. This dataset contains age ratios (the number of juveniles to adult female mule deer) for 36 herd units in Wyoming, USA from 1985-2019. Age ratios provide a consistent metric of population demographics, including an index of recruitment (survival rate of young), which can be a sensitive metric of population change....
We show how land use and potential climate changes occurring in sagebrush communities in the Great Basin of North America are affecting the pygmy rabbit, a sagebrush obligate species. We revisited 105 sites where pygmy rabbits were collected before 1950 and determined the current presence of the species using infrared-triggered camera surveys. Pygmy rabbits were present at 36% of the sites. Fourteen percent of the sites showed signs of pinyon?juniper woodland encroachment, with only one of these sites still harboring pygmy rabbits. Sites also showed current evidence of fires (16%), urbanization (13%), and agricultural conversion (6%). At a local scale, fire frequency reduction due to livestock grazing and fire suppression...
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Spatial analysis and statistical summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of management intent for biodiversity protection, natural resource management, and recreation access across the nation. The PAD-US 3.0 Combined Fee, Designation, Easement feature class (with Military Lands and Tribal Areas from the Proclamation and Other Planning Boundaries feature class) was modified to remove overlaps, avoiding overestimation in protected area statistics and to support user needs. A Python scripted process ("PADUS3_0_CreateVectorAnalysisFileScript.zip") associated with this data release prioritized overlapping designations...
Tags: Agricultural Research Service, Alabama (AL), Alaska (AK), American Samoa (AS), Arizona (AZ), All tags...


map background search result map search result map Delaware River Geographic Focus Area Study Rangeland Ecology Monitoring Data, Utah, 1967-2013 Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) 2.0 Model Inputs and Outputs for Simulating and Predicting the Effects of Climate and Land-Use Changes on Thermal Springs Recharge—A System-Based Coupled Surface-water and Groundwater Model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas Wyoming Range Physicochemical and Biological Data (2016) Age ratios and landscape change covariates for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd units in Wyoming, USA, 1985-2019 Model Inputs and Outputs for Simulating and Predicting the Effects of Climate and Land-Use Changes on Thermal Springs Recharge—A System-Based Coupled Surface-water and Groundwater Model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas Wyoming Range Physicochemical and Biological Data (2016) Delaware River Geographic Focus Area Study Age ratios and landscape change covariates for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd units in Wyoming, USA, 1985-2019 Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) 2.0