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The region of Valencia has a marked territorial duality: an urbanised, populated and high-income coastal line, and mountain and depressed inland rural areas. This territorial duality also derives in a functional duality, so that market and regulation drivers seem to assign rural areas specific roles for the provision of raw materials, energy, water, and the like. One of the clearest examples can be found in the design and development of the Wing Energy Plan passed by the Regional Government in 2001, which designated areas for the installation of windmills. However, this regulation has resulted in an outstanding emergence of associations that have organised at several levels (from the local to the national) as a...
This paper summarizes the main results of a study on the costs of abatement of CO2 emissions in Brazil. It discusses three possible futures for the long run (2010 and 2025) activity of the Brazilian economy and -- with the help of a linear programming model for Brazil's energy sector -- three scenarios for energy production and use. One of these scenarios illustrates the possibility of halving future carbon emissions originating from energy generation and consumption, with relatively small increases in energy associated costs and investments. This abatement scenario would require, on the supply side of the Brazilian energy balance, increased amounts of hydropower, ethanol and bagasse from sugarcane, plus wood and...
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This is a dynamic service of the Surface Management Agency (SMA) Geographic Information System (GIS) dataset. The service depicts Federal land for the United States and classifies this land by its active Federal surface managing agency below the scale scheme level 14 (~1:36K) for efficiency. The SMA feature class currently covers all of the BLM Western State Offices including Alaska. The SMA data contained in this dataset are extracted from Federal land status records. The official Federal land status records of the appropriate surface land managing agency should be consulted concerning ownership details including interest in the federal subsurface mineral estate. The GIS data contained in this dataset depict the...
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The Pima County Information Technology Department is pleased to introduce PimaMaps, Pima County's next generation web mapping system that will eventually replace the current MapGuide system. The Main MapGuide Map, will remain available for a substantial amount of time while PimaMaps is fully implemented. While MapGuide has been a very reliable web mapping system for many years, it is no longer supported by Autodesk. PimaMaps is based on new technology, provides a more robust and modern interface comparable to Google and Bing, and offers a richer set of functionality beyond what is available with MapGuide. This version of PimaMaps has the following functionality and enhancements that are not available with MapGuide:...
Greater energy efficiency can be achieved in existing dwellings thanks to longer lifecycles, slow replacement rates, and technical innovations. Many such dwellings are located in dense urban neighbourhoods, where urban renewal projects are undertaken. Local government can encourage the setting of ambitious goals as a stepping stone to realizing energy efficiency goals that achieve high levels of energy efficiency. The research question which this paper addresses is: to what degree do local governments influence ambitions to conserve energy in existing housing sites? To examine this issue, thirty-three sites in the Netherlands were studied using a quantitative analysis. The results show that collaboration between...
This paper summarizes the main results of a study on the costs of abatement of CO2 emissions in Brazil. It discusses three possible futures for the long run (2010 and 2025) activity of the Brazilian economy and -- with the help of a linear programming model for Brazil's energy sector -- three scenarios for energy production and use. One of these scenarios illustrates the possibility of halving future carbon emissions originating from energy generation and consumption, with relatively small increases in energy associated costs and investments. This abatement scenario would require, on the supply side of the Brazilian energy balance, increased amounts of hydropower, ethanol and bagasse from sugarcane, plus wood and...
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This data set shows the locations of local parks, excluding State and Federaly owned parks.
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Synopsis: Agricultural intensification and expansion are major present and future causes of global ecosystem disruption. Natural and semi-natural reserve areas in agroecosystems are thought to be important for preservation of essential ecosystem services such as pollination, but data about land use patterns and pollinator abundance are lacking. We assessed wild bee populations in canola fields in an agriculturally intense area where virtually all land was either tilled agricultural fields or semi-natural grazed pasturelands, with the expectation that mosaics of land use types may better support ecosystem services than homogenous crop areas. Fields were chosen in two categories, five with little or no pastureland...
Conclusions:Loss of wetland cover over a 40 year period resulted in increased peak flows, increased sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen flows, and decreased waterfowl populations.Thresholds/Learnings:
Conclusions:Chemical concentrations, turbidity, changes in microclimate, and sediment production were affected to varying degrees by forest harvesting. No significant differences were found between pre-harvest and post-harvest concentrations except for calcium which was 5 times higher and sodium which was 20 times higher in the harvested watersheds. Concentrations declined over the 3 year post-harvest span.Turbidity and suspended sediment increased with road construction but declined rapidly to nearly background levels after 2 years. Air temperature increased after harvesting in all of the smaller watersheds but stream temperature was not affected.Thresholds/Learnings:
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The USGS Transportation service from The National Map (TNM) is based on TIGER/Line data provided through U.S. Census Bureau and supplemented with HERE road data to create tile cache base maps. Some of the TIGER/Line data includes limited corrections done by USGS. Transportation data consists of roads, railroads, trails, airports, and other features associated with the transport of people or commerce. The data include the name or route designator, classification, and location. Transportation data support general mapping and geographic information system technology analysis for applications such as traffic safety, congestion mitigation, disaster planning, and emergency response. The National Map transportation data...
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Synopsis: Researchers analyzed variation in crop pollination services provided by native, unmanaged, bee communities on organic and conventional farms situated along a gradient of isolation from natural habitat. Pollination services from native bees were significantly, positively related to the proportion of upland natural habitat in the vicinity of farm sites, but not to any other factor studied, including farm type, insecticide usage, field size and honeybee abundance. The scale of this relationship matched bee foraging ranges. Stability and predictability of pollination services also increased with increasing natural habitat area. This strong relationship between natural habitat area and pollination services...
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Synopsis: The individual species and aggregate community contributions of native bees to crop pollination are documented, on farms that varied both in their proximity to natural habitat and management type (organic versus conventional). On organic farms near natural habitat, we found that native bee communities could provide full pollination services even for a crop with heavy pollination requirements (e.g., watermelon, Citrullus lanatus), without the intervention of managed honey bees. Agricultural intensification diminished these pollination services by roughly 3- to 6-fold. The decline of native bee pollination services with agricultural intensification resulted in significant reductions in both diversity and...
In many ways, the mountain west (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming) is an energy colony for the rest of the United States: it is rich in energy resources that are extracted to fuel economic growth in the wealthier and more populous coastal regions. Federal agencies and global corporations often behave as if the mountain west is a place to be exploited or managed for the benefit of customers and consumers elsewhere. Yet, the area. is not vast empty space with a limitless supply of natural resources, but rather a fast-growing region with a diverse economic base dependent on a limited supply of water. New decision processes and collaborations are slowly changing this situation,...
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This dataset was creating by merging together the Taos County Planning and Zoning Department's dataset depicting roads in Taos County, NM, the CDOT local roads dataset queried for roads with a jurisdictional split type of city-city, and the CDOT highways dataset. The dataset was clipped to the study area for the SLV-TP Landscape Assessment.CDOT Local Roads: Features in this dataset represent public roads under local jurisdiction that are functionally classified as local. Features are represented by polyline (linear) geographic shapes.CDOT Highways: Features in this dataset represent segments of public highways that are maintained by and under the jurisdiction of the Colorado Department of Transportation. These highways...
A common misperception about oil politics is that it has a uniform, monolithic effect on policy development. This paper argues that in fact the net political effect of oil varies dramatically depending on the nature of the petrostate. It shows that oil income, when combined with revolutionary governments in petrostates, generates strong incentives for foreign policy aggression and international conflict. The aggressiveness of petro-revolutionary states is shown to have consequences in both military and economic spheres of international relations. Militarily, the aggressiveness of this type of state leads to a high rate of armed conflicts. Economically, the aggressiveness of petro-revolutionary states shapes global...
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Synopsis: Natural habitats are considered inherently indispensable to the global economy by conservationists, but few natural ecosystems afford direct and quantifiable economic benefits. Quantification of natural land value can provide compelling evidence favoring preservation over development. Wild bees are important pollinators of many crop plants, and natural patches in agroecosystems enhance pollinator services and crop yield. Bee abundance was greatest in canola fields that had more uncultivated land within 750 m of field edges and seed set was greater in fields with higher bee abundance. A cost–benefit model that estimates profit in canola agroecosystems with different proportions of uncultivated land is presented....
A common misperception about oil politics is that it has a uniform, monolithic effect on policy development. This paper argues that in fact the net political effect of oil varies dramatically depending on the nature of the petrostate. It shows that oil income, when combined with revolutionary governments in petrostates, generates strong incentives for foreign policy aggression and international conflict. The aggressiveness of petro-revolutionary states is shown to have consequences in both military and economic spheres of international relations. Militarily, the aggressiveness of this type of state leads to a high rate of armed conflicts. Economically, the aggressiveness of petro-revolutionary states shapes global...
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This service is a subset of the Surface Management Agency (SMA) Geographic Information System (GIS) dataset. The service depicts the SMA land for the United States not including Private or Unknown lands. The Cached service is available to the ArcGIS.com tiling scheme level 14 (~1:36K). The SMA feature class currently covers all of the BLM Western State Offices including Alaska. The SMA data contained in this dataset are extracted from Federal land status records. The official Federal land status records of the appropriate surface land managing agency should be consulted concerning ownership details including interest in the federal subsurface mineral estate. The GIS data contained in this dataset depict the surface...
Improved understanding of the innovative pathways of renewable energy technologies is vital if we are to make the transition to a low carbon economy. This study presents new evidence on innovation and industry dynamics in concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Though CSP is undergoing a renaissance, existing innovation studies have explored innovative activity in solar technologies in general, ignoring the major differences between solar photovoltaic and CSP technologies. This study, based on patent data, examines the level and dynamics of innovative activity in CSP between 1978 and 2004. Our unique contribution, based on engineering expertise and detailed datawork, is a classification system mapping CSP...
map background search result map search result map Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification The area requirements for an ecosystem serivce: crop pollination by native bee communities in California Pollinators provide economic incentive to preserve natural land in agroecosystems Can pastureland increase wild bee abundance in agriculturally intense areas? USGS Transportation Overlay Map Service from The National Map PimaMaps BLM REA NGB 2011 DV UT Recreation PT BLM REA SLV 2013 Roads Secondary Line BLM National Surface Management Agency Dynamic Scale Map Service BLM National Surface Management Agency without Private and Unknown Lands Map Service BLM REA NGB 2011 DV UT Recreation PT PimaMaps BLM REA SLV 2013 Roads Secondary Line Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification The area requirements for an ecosystem serivce: crop pollination by native bee communities in California Pollinators provide economic incentive to preserve natural land in agroecosystems BLM National Surface Management Agency Dynamic Scale Map Service BLM National Surface Management Agency without Private and Unknown Lands Map Service USGS Transportation Overlay Map Service from The National Map