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The five major reductive degradation products of TNT-4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene), 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene), 2,4DANT (2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene), 2,6DANT (2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene), and TAT (2,4,6-triaminotoluene)-labeled with 15N in the amine positions, were reacted with the IHSS soil humic acid and analyzed by 15N NMR spectrometry. In the absence of catalysts, all five amines underwent nucleophilic addition reactions with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic condensation products. Imine formation via 1,2-addition of the amines to quinone groups in the soil humic acid was significant with the diamines and TAT but not the monoamines....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Amines,
Cellulose,
Chemical,
Humic substances,
Lignin,
The importance of global and regional coordination in conservation is growing, although currently, the majority of conservation programs are applied at national and subnational scales. Nevertheless, multinational programs incur transaction costs and resources beyond what is required in national programs. Given the need to maximize returns on investment within limited conservation budgets, it is crucial to quantify how much more biodiversity can be protected by coordinating multinational conservation efforts when resources are fungible. Previous studies that compared different scales of conservation decision-making mostly ignored spatial variability in biodiversity threats and the cost of actions. Here, we developed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Biodiversity,
*International Cooperation,
Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*meth,
Economic,
Mediterranean Region,
Protected areas cover over 12% of the terrestrial surface of Earth, and yet many fail to protect species and ecological processes as originally envisioned. Results of recent studies suggest that a critical reason for this failure is an increasing contrast between the protected lands and the surrounding matrix of often highly altered land cover. We measured the isolation of 114 protected areas distributed worldwide by comparing vegetation-cover heterogeneity inside protected areas with heterogeneity outside the protected areas. We quantified heterogeneity as the contagion of greenness on the basis of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values, for which a higher value of contagion indicates less heterogeneous...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Ecosystem,
Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods,
Databases,
Environment,
Factual,
Abstract (from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-015-1552-6): Understanding how predicted species responses to climate change are affected by advances in climate modeling is important for determining the frequency with which vulnerability assessments need to be updated. We used ecological niche models to compare predicted climatic habitat suitability for 132 species of reptiles and amphibians in California, USA under the previous and current generations of climate simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). We used data from seven global climate models for future (2014–2060) predictions under the following greenhouse gas emissions scenarios: SRES A2 for CMIP3 and...
A high spatial resolution storm surge model was developed for the YK Delta area to assess biological impacts of storm surges under current and future climates. Storm surges are expected to be more frequent and more severe in the YK Delta area due to climate change and sea level rise. The biological impacts in the YK Delta due to the changed storm surges could be extreme.The model was assessed with respect to measured water level data at the coast and, where available, spatial extent of inundation, for 6 storms from the period 1992 to 2011. In total, inundation projections from 9 historical storms (5 from the assessment + 4 others) were developed. For each storm, an spatial inundation index (time-integral of water...
Categories: Data,
Image;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS,
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS,
Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
Managers and scientists are working together in a new project to understand and optimally manage conservation lands along the Atlanta and Mississippi Flyways to support continental populations of waterbirds. It will advance the development of an integrated waterbird monitoring and management program to inform decision-makers and resource managers in an adaptive management context, resulting in improved resource contributions toward waterfowl, shorebirds, and long-legged waders. This project uses adaptive management and modeling tin an innovative way that incorporates their management expertise as well as new conservation planning and modeling tools. We are focusing on wetland-dependent migratory birds that use the...
Project Objective: To provide science support, specifically conservation decision modeling expertise, to the SALCC team developing the regional conservation “blueprint.”Methods: A postdoctoral research associate (postdoc) will be hired to collaborate with the SALCC as they develop first a prototype Blueprint Version 1.0 and then update to Version 1.1. The postdoc’s project is envisioned to encompass three primary stages:Orientation and Version 1.0 Development: While SALCC leads the development of Version 1.0, the postdoc will attend the Blueprint workshops, contribute ideas and alternative design options, assist with the production of Blueprint Version 1.0. In addition to becoming oriented to the project and the...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2013,
2014,
2015,
2016,
ANTHROPOGENIC/HUMAN INFLUENCED ECOSYSTEMS,
Understanding snow conditions is key to developing a better understanding of hydrologic, biological, and ecosystem processes at work in northern Alaska. The required snow datasets currently do not exist at spatial or temporal scales needed by end users such as scientists, land managers, and policy makers. There are a wide variety of snow datasets that may be generated by this project. The list of desired datasets will be refined based on input from potential end users. However, outputs could include daily spatial distributions spanning the spatial and temporal domains of interest of the following variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, surface (skin) temperature, incoming solar radiation,...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
This dataset includes Snow Density(sden) for northern Alaska in GeoTiff format, covering the years 1980-2012. Snow Density is defined as density on 1 March(kg/m3). The dataset was generated by the Arctic LCC SNOWDATA: Snow Datasets for Arctic Terrestrial Applications project.The dataset is delivered in the ZIP archive file format. Each year is output in a separate GeoTiff file, where the year is indicated by the filename.Over the last 20 years, under a variety of NOAA, NSF, and NASA research programs, a snow-evolution modeling system has been developed that includes the MicroMet micrometeorological model, the SnowModel snow-process model, and the SnowAssim data assimilation model. These modeling tools can be thought...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen from precipitation and ground water samples were compared by using a volumetrically based mixing equation and stable isotope gradient to estimate the season and location of recharge in four basins. Stable isotopes were sampled at 11 precipitation sites of differing elevation during a 2-year period to quantify seasonal stable isotope contributions as a function of elevation. Supplemental stable isotope data collected by the International Atomic Energy Association during a 14-year period were used to reduce annual variability of the mean seasonal stable isotope data. The stable isotope elevation relationships and local precipitation elevation relationships were combined...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Climate,
Deuterium,
Deuterium: analysis,
Environmental Monitoring,
Environmental Monitoring: methods,
The purpose of this project is to support the development and refinement of the Conservation Blueprint (v 2.0) by:1) Supporting the sharing and creation of geospatial data related to the Blueprint through South Atlantic Conservation Planning Atlas (CPA) maintenance and creation of Service Definition files to upload; modify symbology in ArcMap; copying and updating metadata; loading data onto the Landscape Conservation Map and linking it to the CPA; monitoring the data site to check forbroken links; responding to questions about the CPA; locating data and organizing metadata by receiving and reviewing data from project leaders and update metadata; and perfom1ing basicGIS analyses including rerunning ArcGIS models...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2013,
2014,
2015,
2016,
2017,
The South Atlantic Conservation Blueprint is a living spatial plan to conserve natural and cultural resources for future generations. It identifies shared conservation priorities across the South Atlantic region. The second iteration of the Blueprint, Version 2.0, was released in July 2015. It was a completely data-driven plan based on ecosystem indicator models for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments, as well as a connectivity analysis. Blueprint 2.0 used a 200 m spatial scale. With Version 2.0, the total number of people actively involved in developing the Blueprint grew to more than 400 individuals from over 100 organizations.
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
ANTHROPOGENIC/HUMAN INFLUENCED ECOSYSTEMS,
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Applications and Tools,
A field experiment consisting of geophysical logging and tracer testing was conducted in a single well that penetrated a sand-and-gravel aquifer at the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Geophysical logs and flowmeter/pumping measurements were obtained to estimate vertical profiles of porosity phi, hydraulic conductivity K, temperature, and bulk electrical conductivity under background, freshwater conditions. Saline-tracer fluid was then injected into the well for 2 h and its radial migration into the surrounding deposits was monitored by recording an electromagnetic-induction log every 10 min. The field data are analyzed and interpreted primarily through...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Models,
Porosity,
Silicon Dioxide,
Theoretical,
Water
* 1 Soils are one of the last great frontiers for biodiversity research and are home to an extraordinary range of microbial and animal groups. Biological activities in soils drive many of the key ecosystem processes that govern the global system, especially in the cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. * 2 We cannot currently make firm statements about the scale of biodiversity in soils, or about the roles played by soil organisms in the transformations of organic materials that underlie those cycles. The recent UK Soil Biodiversity Programme (SBP) has brought a unique concentration of researchers to bear on a single soil in Scotland, and has generated a large amount of data concerning biodiversity,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: 13C,
Functional Ecology,
Sourhope,
bacteria,
carbon flux,
We studied the associations of crayfish with reach-scale instream habitat and water quality variables and watershed-scale variables of riparian and watershed land cover, runoff, impervious surfaces, and hydrologic soil type in west-central Indiana. Crayfish assemblage was measured by abundance, species richness, and diversity (Shannon's H) at 180 sites. The western portion of the study area, within the Interior River Lowland ecoregion, has been heavily impacted by agriculture, while the eastern portion, within the Interior Plateau ecoregion, is more heavily wooded and less impacted. The ability of variables at each spatial extent to predict crayfish assemblage was assessed using multiple linear regression analysis....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources,
Abundance,
Agricultural development,
Agriculture,
Biology--Entomology,
Summary report titled “Development of Shorebird Distribution Maps for the North Slope of Alaska Using Geospatial Habitat Modeling: the First Step in Assessing Effects of Climate Change.” The report includes an Appendix that identifies data layers that were unavailable but would have been useful to include in the study.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative data.gov,
BIRDS,
BIRDS,
Conservation NGOs,
Shorebirds are among the most abundant and visible high-latitude vertebrates. Their ecology makes them particularly sensitive to climate change in the arctic. The current distribution of shorebirds on the Arctic Coastal Plain is poorly known because accurate data exist from just a few locations. The Arctic LCC has supported development of habitat selection models that combine bird survey data with remotely-sensed habitat maps to “fill in the gaps” where observations are sparse. In future phases, the distribution maps generated from these models could be ground-truthed and improved, and subsequently used as the basis from which to forecast future shorebird distribution for projected future climate scenarios.
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
BIRDS,
BIRDS,
Conservation NGOs,
Conservation Planning,
This dataset contains rasters that represent mapped habitat suitability indices for 8 shorebird species, a raster that represents mean habitat suitability indices for all 8 species, and a raster that represents the number of species in which the habitat suitability index exceeded the selected threshold value for each pixel. The shorebird species used for this modeling effort are American Golden-Plover [AMGP], Black-bellied Plover [BBPL], Dunlin [DUNL], Long-billed Dowitcher [LBDO], Pectoral Sandpiper [PESA], Red Phalarope [REPH], Red-necked Phalarope [RNPH], and Semipalmated Sandpiper [SESA].
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative data.gov,
BIRDS,
BIRDS,
Conservation NGOs,
The science focus of the PFLCC is to enhance conservation planning in Florida by investigating many possible trajectories of future landscape transformation. Conservation Science is prospective in nature because it examines changing assumptions, vulnerability to stressors, uncertainty and risk. These factors can be expressed as models or combined into alternative future scenarios. Based on initial efforts started with Everglades restoration, we have developed scenarios for the entire state of Florida.Through a systematic exploration at the landscape-scale, scenarios can be utilized to predict conservation opportunities or areas of conservation conflict. Scenarios are not conceived as blueprints for the future, but...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2013,
LCC,
LCC Network Science Catalog,
Peninsular Florida LCC,
Report,
This dataset includes Snow Up Date(sudy) for northern Alaska in GeoTiff format, covering the years 1980-2012. Snow Up Date is defined as day of the start of the core snow period(day of year). The core snow season is defined to be the longest period of continuous snow cover in each year. The dataset was generated by the Arctic LCC SNOWDATA: Snow Datasets for Arctic Terrestrial Applications project.“Day-of-year” (doy) output is expressed in Ordinal dates (“1” on 1 January, and “365” on 31 December). Dates have not been corrected for leap years. This output is appropriate for display purposes, as it is readily interpreted as calendar day of year. It is not recommended as input for analysis, as it may produce incorrect...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
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