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In montane regions, ongoing and future shrinkage of glacier cover, coupled with a shortening snow cover period, can profoundly alter river hydrology but also lead to the release of airborne contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), deposited and stored in snow and ice. We used field data coupled with hydrological and atmospheric models to estimate and compare the contributions of Hg from snow/glacier melt and from direct atmospheric deposition, to Kusawa Lake, in subarctic Yukon, Canada. The estimated net Hg accumulation rate in supraglacial snow is 0.55 mg m-2 a-1. The modeled net atmospheric flux, including wet+dry deposition, is ~6 times larger, averaging 3.4 mg m-2 a-1, and comparable to the area-averaged meltwater...
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The Cook Inlet Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program comprises 39,325 square miles in south-central Alaska. Data were collected at eight fixed sites to provide baseline information in areas where no development has taken place, urbanization or logging have occurred, or the effects of recreation are increasing. Collection of water-quality, biology, and physical-habitat data began in October 1998 and ended in September 2001 (water years 1999-2001). The climate for the water years in the study may be categorized as slightly cool-wet (1999), slightly warm-wet (2000), and significantly warm-dry (2001). Total precipitation was near normal during the study period, and...
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Uncertainty in hydrometric data is a fact of life. Basic assumptions about the nature of this uncertainty are necessary in every analysis of hydrometric data, and an understanding of the variability of uncertainty can facilitate the effective use of hydrologic information. For most of the twentieth century there has been little change in hydrometric methods and many analysts explicitly or implicitly assume that the uncertainty has not changed over the period of record. We argue that there is substantial variability in the magnitude of uncertainty in published streamflow records that is not transparent to data users. Quantifying uncertainty is particularly important in the context of the current changes in hydrometric...
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There are approximately 12,000 private wells in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska, USA, that supply drinking water to thousands of homeowners. The results presented in this paper are from a study conducted to understand the speciation and seasonal fluctuations of As in the groundwater of Anchorage. A total of eight private drinking water wells were sampled from May to October, 2007, to determine inorganic species of As (III/V) and other physiochemical parameters of the groundwater. Arsenic concentrations above Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standard of 10 μg/L had been previously measured in all of these eight wells by the Municipality of Anchorage. Seven of the wells draw water from glaciofluvial...
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This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Alaska is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground- water data-collection networks in each state, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of stream flow, ground-water levels, and water quality provide the hydrologic information needed by state, local, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.
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The effect of urbanization on stream macroinvertebrate communities was examined by using data gathered during a 1999 reconnaissance of 14 sites in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska. Data collected included macroinvertebrate abundance, water chemistry, and trace elements in bed sediments. Macroinvertebrate relative-abundance data were edited and used in metric and index calculations. Population density was used as a surrogate for urbanization. Cluster analysis (unweighted-pairedgrouping method) using arithmetic means of macroinvertebrate presenceabsence data showed a well-defined separation between urbanized and nonurbanized sites as well as extracted sites that did not cleanly fall into either category. Water...
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We report the chemical analysis for water and sediment collected from the Big Delta B-2 quadrangle. These data are part of a study located in the Big Delta B-2 quadrangle that focused on the integration of geology and bedrock geochemistry on with the biogeochemistry of water, sediments, soil, and vegetation. The discovery of the Pogo lode gold deposit in the northwest corner of the quadrangle was the impetus for this study. The study objectives were to create a geologic map, evaluate the bedrock geochemical influence on the geochemical signature of the surficial environment, and define landscape-level predevelopment geochemical baselines. Important to baseline development is an evaluation of what, if any, geochemical...
map background search result map search result map Fish passage: Culvert inspection procedures Quantifying Uncertainty in Streamflow Records How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, NWT, Canada? Role of lake regulation on glacier-fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: the Cook Inlet watershed, south-central Alaska, USA Water and Sediment Chemical Data and Data Summary for Samples Collected in 1999 and 2001 in the Goodpaster River Basin, Big Delta B-2 Quadrangle, Alaska. Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Water quality of the Tlikakila River and five major tributaries to Lake Clark, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1999-2001 Water Quality, Biological, and Physical Habitat Conditions at Fixed Sites in the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, National Water Quality Assessment Study Unit, October 1998-September 2001 Water Quality of Streams Draining Abandoned and Recalaimed Mined Lands in the Kantishna Hills Areas, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2008-2011 Effects of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Streams, Anchorage, Alaska An analysis of spatial and temporal trends and patterns in western Canadian runoff : a CROCWR component Lower ship creek water quality monitoring as related to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and fecal Coliform bacteria. Final Report for the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.  Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone Mn-Cr ages of dolomites in CI chondrites and the Tagish Lake ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Experimental investigation of the applications of natural freezing and curdlan biopolymer for permeability modification to remediate DNAPL contaminated aquifers in Alaska Seasonal fluctuations and mobility of arsenic in groundwater resources, Anchorage, Alaska Hydrologic data and a proposed water-quality monitoring network for the Kobuk River Basin, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska Snowmelt, glacial and atmospheric sources of mercury in a subarctic mountain lake catchment, Yukon, Canada Lower ship creek water quality monitoring as related to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and fecal Coliform bacteria. Final Report for the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.  How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, NWT, Canada? Experimental investigation of the applications of natural freezing and curdlan biopolymer for permeability modification to remediate DNAPL contaminated aquifers in Alaska Effects of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Streams, Anchorage, Alaska Seasonal fluctuations and mobility of arsenic in groundwater resources, Anchorage, Alaska Quantifying Uncertainty in Streamflow Records Water and Sediment Chemical Data and Data Summary for Samples Collected in 1999 and 2001 in the Goodpaster River Basin, Big Delta B-2 Quadrangle, Alaska. Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Mn-Cr ages of dolomites in CI chondrites and the Tagish Lake ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Snowmelt, glacial and atmospheric sources of mercury in a subarctic mountain lake catchment, Yukon, Canada Water quality of the Tlikakila River and five major tributaries to Lake Clark, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 1999-2001 Water Quality of Streams Draining Abandoned and Recalaimed Mined Lands in the Kantishna Hills Areas, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2008-2011 Role of lake regulation on glacier-fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: the Cook Inlet watershed, south-central Alaska, USA Water Quality, Biological, and Physical Habitat Conditions at Fixed Sites in the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, National Water Quality Assessment Study Unit, October 1998-September 2001 Hydrologic data and a proposed water-quality monitoring network for the Kobuk River Basin, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska Fish passage: Culvert inspection procedures An analysis of spatial and temporal trends and patterns in western Canadian runoff : a CROCWR component Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone