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Many residents of Northern regions do not have access to municipal utilities. As such, rainwater catchments are commonly used as an untreated source of drinking water. The water quality in rain catchments depends on the materials used to construct the catchment, the frequency of rainfall, the amount of water collected, the quality of the rainfall, human and animal activity in the surroundings, and the duration of the water storage. The most problematic contaminants in rainwater catchments are bacteria, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and metals such as lead, copper, and zinc. The goal of this project was to help identify the frequency and magnitude of metal contaminants in Alaskan rainwater catchments. Over 50...
Boreal ecosystems store significant quantities of organic carbon (C) that may be vulnerable to degradation as a result of a warming climate. Despite their limited coverage on the landscape, streams play a significant role in the processing, gaseous emission, and downstream export of C, and small streams are thought to be particularly important because of their close connection with the surrounding landscape. However, ecosystem carbon studies do not commonly incorporate the role of the aquatic conduit. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations and emissions in a headwater stream network of interior Alaska underlain by permafrost to assess the potential role of stream gas emissions in the regional...
The particulate organic matter in < 63 µm surface sediments from the Mackenzie River and its main tributaries was studied using Rock-Eval pyrolysis and organic petrology. The organic matter in the sediments is dominated by refractory residual organic carbon (RC) of mainly terrigenous nature, as indicated by abundant inertinite, vitrinite, and type III kerogen. Sediments from the tributaries contained significantly more algal-derived organic matter than from the main channel of the river, highlighting the importance of low-energy system dynamics in the tributaries, which allows modest algal production, more accumulation, and better preservation of autochthonous organic matter. This is particularly true for tributaries...
The article presents a study which focuses on the use of ground penetrating radar detection of subsnow liquid overflow on the ice-covered lakes in Alaska. The study used general packet radio service (GPR) in measuring three thermokarst lakes in interior Alaska. The study revealed three lakes have 30-70 cm snow thickness, 49-65 cm ice thickness, and 0 to 695 water depth.
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This study systematically analyzes long-term (1973–2011) daily flow data collected near the Mackenzie basin outlet. It clearly defines the variability, extreme events, and changes in daily flow records over the past 4 decades. The results of this study accurately determine the seasonal cycle of river discharge, including the range of highest and lowest daily flows. The interannual variation of daily flow is generally small in the cold season, highest in the spring melt period, and large over the summer months mainly due to rainfall storm activities and associated floods. This study also shows that Mackenzie River flow regime has changed over the past 4 decades due to climate variation, with the advance of snowmelt...
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This report summarizes instream flow protection and related activities of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in 2012. The status of reservation of water applications by other agencies and the private sector in Alaska is also presented.
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OVERVIEW This report contains water-quality data collected from 84 sites in Tanana River basin during water years 2004 through 2006 (October 2003 through September 2006) as part of a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) Alaska Monitoring and Assessment Program (AKMAP), supported in part through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Water, Cooperative Assistance Agreement X7-97078801. A broad range of chemical analyses are presented for 93 sets of samples collected at 59 tributaries to the Tanana River and at 25 locations along the mainstem. These data are to provide a means to assess baseline characteristics and...
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This report contains water-quality and sediment-quality data from samples collected in the Yukon River basin from March through September during the 2002 water year (WY). Samples were collected throughout the year at five stations in the basin (three on the main stem Yukon River, one each on the Tanana and Porcupine Rivers ). A broad range of physical, chemical, and biological analyses are presented.
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The Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council and the U.S. Geological Survey developed a water-quality monitoring program to address a shared interest in the water quality of the Yukon River and its relation to climate. This report contains water-quality data from samples collected in the Yukon River Basin during water years 2006 through 2008. A broad range of chemical analyses from 44 stations throughout the YRB are presented. On August 8, 2009 the USGS signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council representing the culmination of 5 years of dedicated efforts to forge a working collaboration and partnership with expectations of continuing into the foreseeable future. The...
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We applied nonparametric statistical techniques to historical streamflow data from five glacierized and four nonglacierized watersheds in southwest Yukon and northwestern British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether rivers with and without catchment glacial cover respond in significantly different ways to a warming climate. The analysis was posed in terms of contrasts between the two groups with respect to long-term trends in annual time series of total river flow volume. We found that glacier-fed rivers grew larger and nival streams progressively smaller over the historical record under an observed regional warming trend. Although some of these trend effects are subtle, the overall result was statistically significant...
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In montane regions, ongoing and future shrinkage of glacier cover, coupled with a shortening snow cover period, can profoundly alter river hydrology but also lead to the release of airborne contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), deposited and stored in snow and ice. We used field data coupled with hydrological and atmospheric models to estimate and compare the contributions of Hg from snow/glacier melt and from direct atmospheric deposition, to Kusawa Lake, in subarctic Yukon, Canada. The estimated net Hg accumulation rate in supraglacial snow is 0.55 mg m-2 a-1. The modeled net atmospheric flux, including wet+dry deposition, is ~6 times larger, averaging 3.4 mg m-2 a-1, and comparable to the area-averaged meltwater...
Water samples were collected biweekly from the Chena River, Alaska, during 2005-2006 for analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total dissolved carbohydrate (TCHO), including monosaccharide (MCHO) and polysaccharide (PCHO), particulate organic carbon (POC) and its isotopic compositions, and Si(OH) sub(4). Carbon species exhibit strong temporal variations with elevated DOC, POC, and TCHO but depleted DIC and Si(OH) sub(4) during the spring freshet and decreased DOC, POC, and TCHO but elevated DIC and Si(OH) sub(4) concentrations under winter ice. Organic matter is mostly derived from surface soil leaching, whereas DIC and Si(OH) sub(4) are associated with groundwater and mineral...
map background search result map search result map Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change Water Quality in the Tanana River Basin, Alaska, Water Years 2004-06 Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River basin, Alaska, during water year 2002 Water Quality in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, Water Years 2006 - 2008 Variability and extreme of Mackenzie River daily discharge during 1973–2011 Glacial Control of Water Resource and Related Environmental Responses to Climatic Warming: Empirical Analysis Using Historical Streamflow Data from Northwestern Canada Restoration of the Caribou Creek watershed Snowmelt, glacial and atmospheric sources of mercury in a subarctic mountain lake catchment, Yukon, Canada Snowmelt, glacial and atmospheric sources of mercury in a subarctic mountain lake catchment, Yukon, Canada Restoration of the Caribou Creek watershed Glacial Control of Water Resource and Related Environmental Responses to Climatic Warming: Empirical Analysis Using Historical Streamflow Data from Northwestern Canada Water Quality in the Tanana River Basin, Alaska, Water Years 2004-06 Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River basin, Alaska, during water year 2002 Water Quality in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, Water Years 2006 - 2008 Suspended sediment and carbonate transport in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Fluxes and potential future responses to climate change Variability and extreme of Mackenzie River daily discharge during 1973–2011