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Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since 1995, the US Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) has employed this approach at a network of 39 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: the Mississippi, the Columbia, the Colorado and the Rio Grande. In this paper, the design of NASQAN is described and its effectiveness at characterizing the water quality of these rivers is evaluated using data...
The atmospheric water balance over the upper Colorado River is evaluated twice daily for the seven winter seasons 1957?1963. The atmospheric water balance yields the exchange of water and water vapor at the earth-atmosphere interface through the observation of the spatial and time distributions and fluxes of water vapor in the atmosphere over the basin. The quantity precipitation minus evaporation is determined as a residual of the computation and is accumulated for daily and seasonal values. In addition, a natural period analysis is performed; the natural periods are delineated by homogeneity in the parameter precipitation minus evaporation. The dry periods are shown to exhibit a seasonal trend in evaporation rate...
The T-year annual maximum flood at a site is defined to be that streamflow, that has probability 1/T of being exceeded in any given year, and for a group of sites the corresponding regional flood probability (RFP) is the probability that at least one site will experience a T-year flood in any given year. The RFP depends on the number of sites of interest and on the spatial correlation of flows among the sites. We present a Monte Carlo method for obtaining the RFP and demonstrate that spatial correlation estimates used in this method may be obtained with rank transformed data and therefore that knowledge of the at-site peak flow distribution is not necessary. We examine the extent to which the estimates depend on...
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In the Southwestern U.S., rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are resulting in changes such as more frequent and severe wildfires and prolonged drought. Natural resource managers striving to make decisions in the face of these changing conditions can benefit from information on past, present, and future climate. While an array of climate assessments are available, it is unclear how useful or relevant this information is for resource management decision-making in the Southwest. This project sought to identify the types of environmental information that resource managers in the Southwest need to make climate-related management decisions. To meet this goal, researchers first assessed the degree...
    map background search result map search result map Assessing the Use of Climate Information in Resource Management Decisions in the Southwest Assessing the Use of Climate Information in Resource Management Decisions in the Southwest