Filters: Tags: Normalized difference vegetation index (X) > Types: Citation (X)
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This set of sixteen Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)and Operational Land Imager (OLI)(Path 014 and Rows 032 and 033) surface reflectance data sets were collected between 2000 and 2015. This data presents a time-series analysis that uses linear spectral unmixing of composite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, and Normalized Difference Soil Index data, to estimate the percentages of marsh vegetation, water, and exposed marsh substrate on the New Jersey intracoastal marshes. We used the composition of the marshes in terms of the percentage of marsh vegetation, water, and marsh substrate to produce Marsh Surface Condition Index (MSCI) maps consisting of three classes of marshes: severely...
Types: Citation;
Tags: Atlantic County,
Barnegat Bay,
Cape May County,
Coastal Zone,
Environmental restoration,
These are two land cover datasets derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Operational Land Imager (spatial resolution 30-m)Path 014 and Rows 032 and 033 surface reflectance data collected on July 14, 2011 and July 19, 2013, before and after Hurricane Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey on October 29, 2012. The two land cover data sets provide a means of evaluating the effect of Hurricane Sandy of data sets collected at times that represent or approach peak vegetation growth. The most accurate results of the land cover classification are based on twelve classes, some of which occur adjacent to the marshes but not on the New Jersey intracoastal marshes. Twelve classes were used in the supervised maximum...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Atlantic County,
Barnegat Bay,
Cape May County,
Coastal Zone,
Environmental restoration,
This USGS Data Release represents geospatial data sets that were created for the analysis of the effect of Hurricane Sandy on New Jersey Atlantic Coastal Marshes. The following listed image products were generated: 1) Fifteen marsh surface condition index (MSCI) data sets were calculated from yearly summer collections of ETM+ image data from 2000 to 2015. Three classes described the results of the MSCI mapping; classs1-severely impacted, class 2-moderately impacted, and class 3-intact marsh. 2) Marsh change data product using Landsat images of July 14, 2011 (before) and July 19, 2013 (after) Hurricane Sandy is based on the difference in the percentage of vegetation. It shows a pattern of an increasing loss of marsh...
The change detection data is the classified difference in the percentage of vegetation on the July 14, 2011 Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) data set collected before Hurricane Sandy and the July 19, 2013 Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI)data set collected after Hurricane Sandy. Hurricane Sandy made landfall near Brigandine, New Jersey on October 29, 2012. The actual difference in the percentage of vegetation is used in the calculation, not the three-class classification that is the basis of the Marsh Surface Condition Index data. The eleven classes consist of five classes (5-20%,>20%-40%,>40%-60%,>60%-80%,>80%)with decreases in the percentage of vegetation cover after Hurricane Sandy, Three classes (5-20%,>20%-40%,>40%-60%)with...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Atlantic County,
Barnegat Bay,
Cape May County,
Coastal Zone,
Environmental restoration,
The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
Mapping salt-affected soils in remote rangelands is challenging. We used Landsat 7 ETM data to facilitate digital mapping of gypsic and natric soil areas in the upper Colorado River drainage. Optimum index factor band combinations were used to explore the scene. Normalized difference ratio models and threshold values were developed by comparing spectral signatures with gypsic and natric soil areas verifi ed in the fi eld. Gypsic soil areas were mapped using the normalized difference ratio of Bands 5 and 7 with a threshold >0.11, probably related to the spectral refl ectance of gypsum within a few centimeters of the surface. All sites predicted to be gypsic soil areas were determined to be gypsic by fi eld assessment,...
This product consists of 29 datasets of tabular data and associated metadata for watershed characteristics of 1,530 study sites of the Surface Water Trends (SWT) project of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Quality Program (NWQP). The project is conducting national studies of trends in water quality of streams and rivers for periods ranging from 10 to 40 years, between 1972 and 2012. The data here include both static and time-series characteristics. Static data include primarily physical characteristics which have changed little over this period, such as geology, soils, and topography. Time-series data represent characteristics which may or may not have changed over time, such as land use, agricultural...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Atmospheric Deposition,
Basin Morphology,
Census of Agriculture,
Conterminous US,
Crop Practices,
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is an indicator of vegetation health and density. High NDVI values generally correspond to dense vegetation and low NDVI values generally correspond to sparsely vegetated or barren areas. NDVI was calculated for pan-sharpened Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager images acquired on May 13, 2015 and May 15, 2016 for the region around Icy Bay, Alaska. NDVI results from 2015 were subtracted from results for 2016 to produce a change image. The change image can be used to assess changes in vegetation patterns resulting from a landslide that occurred near Tyndall Glacier in October, 2015 and generated a tsunami in Taan Fiord, an arm of Icy Bay. Positive change in NDVI generally...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Alaska,
Icy Bay,
Icy Bay,
NDVI,
Taan Fiord,
This data release includes data processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a novel remote-sensing based approach to assess resilience of spring-dependent ecosystems to inter-annual changes in water availability. This approach uses remotely-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to (1) delineate surface moisture zones (SMZs) in the vicinity of mapped springs in a semi-arid sage-steppe landscape, (2) derive quantitative indicators of the relative resilience of these SMZs to inter-annual changes in water availability, and (3) synthesize these indicators into an overall resilience score for each cluster of springs. Specifically, for 39 spring clusters mapped in the National Hydrography...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Climatology,
Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems,
Understanding spatial and temporal variation in net primary production (NPP), the amount of carbon fixed into biomass by vegetation, is a central goal of ecosystem ecologists. Optical remote sensing techniques can help address this need by providing accurate, consistent, and reliable approximations of photosynthetic activity at large scales. However, converting photosynthetic activity into NPP requires estimates of light-use efficiency, which has been shown to vary among vegetation types. In this study, we compare remotely sensed estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation with ground-based NPP estimates to determine appropriate light-use efficiency values for grasslands and croplands. We contrast...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Remote Sensing of Environment,
absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,
croplands,
cropping,
cultivation,
The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
Landslide-generated tsunamis pose significant hazards, but developing models to assess these hazards presents unique challenges. George and others (2017) present a new methodology in which a depth-averaged two-phase landslide model (D-Claw) is used to simulate all stages of landslide dynamics and subsequent tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Because the model describes the evolution of solid and fluid volume fractions, it treats both landslides and tsunamis as special cases of a more general class of phenomena. Therefore, the landslide and tsunami can be seamlessly and efficiently simulated as a single-layer continuum with evolving solid-grain concentrations, and with wave generation via mass displacement...
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