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Studies conducted since the late 1970s have estimated the net energy value (NEV) of corn ethanol. However, variations in data and assumptions used among the studies have resulted in a wide range of estimates. This study identifies the factors causing this wide variation and develops a more consistent estimate. We conclude that the NEV of corn ethanol has been rising over time due to technological advances in ethanol conversion and increased efficiency in farm production. We show that corn ethanol is energy efficient as indicated by an energy output:input ratio of 1.34.
The context: A time of unprecedented uncertainty nThe worst of the global economic crisis appears to be over –but is the recovery sustainable? nOil demand & supply are becoming less sensitive to price –what does this mean for future price movements ? nNatural gas markets are in the midst of a revolution –will it herald a golden era for gas? nCopenhagen Accord & G-20 subsidy reforms are key advances –but do they go far enough & will they be fully implemented ? nEmerging economies will shape the global energy future –where will their policy decisions lead us ?
Coalbed methane development has proliferated across much of the western United States. Campbell County, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin is one area that has seem some of the highest amounts of this development, most of it occurring on land where the surface use is livestock grazing, resulting in conflicts over resource use. This thesis takes a grounded theory approach to understanding the meaning that the ranchers that operate on this land have attached to this development. In doing so, this paper argues that these ranchers form opinions and attitudes based on how CBM has affected “the ranching way of life” and not simply on the perceived opportunity for economic gain. It also argues that although objections...
This paper proposes a regional and sectoral model of global final energy demand. For the main end-use sectors of consumption (industrial, commercial and public services, residential and road transportation), per-capita demand is expressed as an S-shaped function of per-capita income. Other variables intervene as well, like energy prices, temperatures and technological trends. This model is applied on a panel of 101 countries and 3 aggregates (covering the whole world) and it explains fairly well past variations in sectoral, final consumption since the beginning of the 2000s. Further, the model is used to analyze the dynamics of final energy demand, by sector and in total. The main conclusion concerns the pattern...
Evidence from cross-sectional growth regressions suggests that economies dependent on natural resource exports have had slower growth than resource scarce economies. Explanations for this "curse of resources" focus on institutional and market failures caused by resource abundance. With a simple two sector model exhaustible resource model, we demonstrate that the correlation between growth and natural resource abundance can be negative in the absence of market and institutional failures. Since there is no way to distinguish between efficient and inefficient equilibria on the basis of the negative correlation between growth and resource abundance, finding that correlation is not sufficient to conclude resources are...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Hotelling's rule,
domestic,
oil,
production,
relevance
In 1982-1983, a 70 ha energy forest project was established in an arable landscape in southern Sweden. Many aspects of the energy forest system were investigated. This paper reports mainly on the aesthetic impacts of the project at a landscape level. One effect is an increasing variation in the views and the aesthetic values of the arable land. The Salix crops introduce new colours into the arable landscape. The green colour of the Salix fields lasts longer in the autumn. Also, from year to year a spatial Variation appears. The increasing wildlife shelter seems to make the fauna richer. Viewed as an energy crop only, the commercial competitiveness of energy forests is often low. However. if the benefits of energy...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Venezuela,
development,
footprint,
infrastructure,
landscape,
The pricing of particular fuels, such as electricity, gas and oil, should be considered in terms of the development of pricing policies for the energy sector as a whole. The pursuit of an efficient allocation of resources will require that energy prices are related to their marginal costs. This simple prescription may have to be modified to allow for the achievement of other objectives, such as profitability and income distribution.
We have developed a state-scale version of the MARKAL energy optimization model, commonly used to model energy policy at the US national scale and internationally. We apply the model to address state-scale impacts of a renewable electricity standard (RES) and a carbon tax in one southeastern state, Georgia. Biomass is the lowest cost option for large-scale renewable generation in Georgia; we find that electricity can be generated from biomass co-firing at existing coal plants for a marginal cost above baseline of 0.2-2.2 cents/kWh and from dedicated biomass facilities for 3.0-5.5 cents/kWh above baseline. We evaluate the cost and amount of renewable electricity that would be produced in-state and the amount of out-of-state...
Bureau of Land management shape file depicting Oil and Gas lease Areas in Utah, USA This data set contains Oil and Gas Leases, derived from Legal Land Descriptions (LLD) contained in the US Bureau of Land Management's LR2000 Database, and geocoded (mapped) using the Public Land Survey System (PLSS)/Geographic Coordinate Data Base (GCDB) derived from the most accurate survey data available through BLM Cadastral Survey workforce, and the Premier Data Services CarteView Software.
The timely development of the nation's energy production capacity in a manner that minimizes potential adverse local and regional impacts associated with energy facilities requires the use of sophisticated techniques for evaluation of siting alternatives and fuel cycle options. This report is a documentation of the computerized SITE methodology that has been developed for evaluating health, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts related to utilization of alternate sites for energy production within a region of interest. The cost, impact, and attribute vectors, which are generated and displayed on density maps, can be used in a multiparameter overlay process to identify preferable siting areas. The assessment of...
Many of the most cost-effective options for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) involve: reducing leaks; responsible handling practices; replacement with a substance with little or no global warming potential; or reducing the amount of the greenhouse gas (GHG) needed. Some of these options can be implemented immediately for quick emission reductions. However, because many of the types of equipment that rely on these gases have lifetimes ranging from 10 to 30 years, fully implementing these emission reductions can take decades. Reductions in HFC consumption, however, can generally be seen more immediately. Recent US proposals for climate legislation have considered limits on HFC consumption under a cap...
This study evaluates the environmental impact of the cement production and its variations between different cement plants, using Life Cycle Impact Assessment. For that purpose, details of the cement production processes are investigated in order to show the respective part of raw materials preparation and clinker production using environmental impacts calculated with CML01 indicators. For the kiln emission data, a European pollutant emission register for French intensive industries is used to quantify the variability of indicators between cement plants. For the CML01 indicators that are controlled by kiln emissions, some of them (i.e. global warming, photochemical oxidation) show variations between cement plants...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: County,
Environmental,
Environmental hazard,
San Luis Obispo,
betrayal,
This paper applies panel data analysis to examine the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships among nuclear energy consumption, oil prices, oil consumption, and economic growth for developed countries covering the period 1971–2006. The panel cointegration results show that in the long run, oil prices have a positive impact on nuclear energy consumption, suggesting the existence of the substitution relationship between nuclear energy and oil. The long-run elasticity of nuclear energy with respect to real income is approximately 0.89, and real income has a greater impact on nuclear energy than do oil prices in the long run. Furthermore, the panel causality results find evidence of unidirectional...
These data depict the Mean Estimate of Volume of Natural Gas Liquids in Gas Accumulations (non-associated gas) in Oil Accumulations in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin Province. Measured in billions of cubic feet (BCFG) This dataset was compiled from Assessment of Undiscovered Oil Resources in the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation, Williston Province, Montana and North Dakota, 2008. A single Attribute has been chosen for display: NAGASMEAN. Volume of gas below 20 units have been excluded.
Log ASCII Standard (LAS) files of select scanned well logs from Idaho Geological Surveys publication DD-3: Historical Oil and Gas Data for Idaho database of exploration wells across the state. Logs curves converted to LAS files may include: Gamma, Caliper (cal), Resistivity, Spontaneous Potential (SP), Bulk Density, Neutron Porosity, and density porosity. Locations of boreholes, attributes, and PDFs of more than 700 Geophysical logs and other data can be downloaded or viewed at no cost via the Idaho Geological Surveys interactive Oil and Gas webmap.
This data release contains the boundaries of assessment units and input data for the assessment of continuous oil and gas resources in the Delle Phosphatic Member of the Mississippian Woodman Formation, western Utah, eastern Nevada and southeastern Idaho. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar...
This data release contains the boundaries of assessment units and input data for the assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the north slope of Alaska. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic, and temporal properties within the Total Petroleum System, such as...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Assessment Unit,
Continuous Assessment Unit,
Earth Science,
Economic geology,
Energy Resources,
This data release contains the boundaries of assessment of undiscovered continuous tight-gas resources in the Mesaverde Group and Wasatch Formation, Uinta-Piceance Province, Utah and Colorado. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic, and temporal properties within the Total...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Assessment Unit,
Continuous Assessment Unit,
Earth Science,
Energy Resources,
Energy Resources,
There are a number of oil and gas basins that lay within the CYR study region. Selawik oil and gas basin is considered an eastern extension of the Kotzebue oil and gas basin. However, much of the Selawik basin is located in the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge making development unlikely. Exploration in the Selawik Basin has been minimal with no wells drilled. The Colville Basin runs along the northwestern edge of the CYR study area but exploration within this area is minimal. Wells and exploration in this basin are outside the CYR study area. Doyon has drilled Nunivak #1 and #2 exploratory wells between 2009 and 2013 in the Nenana Basin and acquired 2-D seismic, gravity, magnetics, and lakebed geochemical surveys...
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