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Haleakalā National Park (HNP) and the surrounding landscape spans many different land cover types, some of which are undergoing vegetation changes that can reduce the amount of water that infiltrates into soil. Decreased soil infiltration can lead to the erosion of terrestrial habitats, increases in the amount of sediment entering aquatic habitats, and flooding of downstream areas as runoff increases after storms. Currently, HNP managers are attempting to control runoff and erosion to avoid loss and damage within park boundaries and parks located downstream. Managers in HNP have expressed a need for information on current and future runoff and erosion risk to help prioritize management within the park and other...
Mean daily sapflux density (cm/hr) by sensor at each of four study sites. Each sensor represents flow within the xylem of a sample ‘ōhi’a tree. Daily volumetric soil moisture (m^3/m^3) is also given. The number of erroneous or blank values and the standard deviation are given for each sensor, each day. All sensor outputs are given, including erroneous values.
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Increasing temperatures, decreasing rainfall, and more intense droughts and storms are threatening the health and wellbeing of ecosystems and communities across Hawai‘i and the Pacific Islands. Future rainfall and temperature projections provide some insight into future change, but uncertainty remains in when, where, and how impacts will manifest, presenting daunting challenges to natural resource managers. The need for high-quality reliable climate data and translated products that can be used to proactively plan for changes in the region has never been greater. This is especially true in underserved communities where access to data and resources for integrating climate information into management planning is limited....
This project snapshot provides a brief overview of the project "Understanding the Response of Native and Non‐native Forests to Climate Variability and Change to Support Resource Management in Hawai`i".
Throughout the world, forests cover mountain slopes only up at a certain elevation. Above that level, trees become scattered. Higher up, no trees are found. The level where the forest ends, called the forest line or timberline, is higher in tropical areas than in colder regions, suggesting that cold climate conditions prevent forests from growing at higher elevations. On tropical island mountains, such as those in the Hawaiian Islands, the forest line is found at a lower elevation than we would expect based on the temperature. This leads us to suspect that some factor other than temperature, such as low rainfall, might be controlling the level of forest lines on these tropical islands. In this project, we sought...
One of the biggest concerns about global climate change impacts relates to how forests and other ecosystems will be affected. Along with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and warming temperatures, rainfall, cloud cover, storm frequency, and other aspects of climate will also change. These shifts are likely to have effects on plants, such as changing the amount of water they use or how fast they grow. In this project, we investigated the connections between environmental conditions (such as temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, humidity, wind speed, soil moisture) and plant water use and growth rates of two forest ecosystems in Hawai‘i. Based on those connections, we sought to project...
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On Hawai‘i’s mountains, cloud droplets, propelled by strong winds, are deposited on plants, where they accumulate and drip to the ground, adding water over and above that supplied by rainfall. Prior studies show that the amount of intercepted cloud water is substantial, and variable from place to place. Estimates of the spatial patterns of cloud water interception (CWI), the fog-related effects on plants, and the contributions of fog to groundwater recharge and surface water flows are needed to better understand the water cycle and predict effects of climate change on water supply and ecosystems. We will make measurements of fog, wind, fog interception, soil moisture, and fog effects on plant water use and plant...
Drought is a signifcant climate feature in Hawai‘i and the U.S.-Affliated Pacifc Islands (USAPI), at times causing severe impacts across multiple sectors. Below-average precipitation anomalies are often accompanied by higher-than-average temperatures and reduced cloud cover. The resulting higher insolation and evapotranspiration can exacerbate the effects of reduced rainfall. These altered meteorological conditions lead to less soil moisture. Depending on the persistence and severity of the conditions, drier soil can cause plant stress, affecting both agricultural and natural systems. Hydrological effects of drought include reductions in streamfow, groundwater recharge, and groundwater discharge to springs, streams,...
This Project Snapshot provides a brief overview summary of the project "Measurement of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related Climate Conditions and Ecosystem Responses in Hawai'i"
    map background search result map search result map Cloud Water Interception in Hawai‘i - Part 1: Understanding the Impact of Fog on Groundwater and Ecosystems and Future Changes to these Processes Identifying the Risk of Runoff and Erosion in Hawaiʻi’s National Parks Improving the Availability and Accessibility of Climate Information for Users in Hawai‘i, American Sāmoa, and Guam Cloud Water Interception in Hawai‘i - Part 1: Understanding the Impact of Fog on Groundwater and Ecosystems and Future Changes to these Processes Identifying the Risk of Runoff and Erosion in Hawaiʻi’s National Parks Improving the Availability and Accessibility of Climate Information for Users in Hawai‘i, American Sāmoa, and Guam