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Drought is a signifcant climate feature in Hawai‘i and the U.S.-Affliated Pacifc Islands (USAPI), at times causing severe impacts across multiple sectors. Below-average precipitation anomalies are often accompanied by higher-than-average temperatures and reduced cloud cover. The resulting higher insolation and evapotranspiration can exacerbate the effects of reduced rainfall. These altered meteorological conditions lead to less soil moisture. Depending on the persistence and severity of the conditions, drier soil can cause plant stress, affecting both agricultural and natural systems. Hydrological effects of drought include reductions in streamfow, groundwater recharge, and groundwater discharge to springs, streams,...
This Project Snapshot provides a brief overview summary of the project "Measurement of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related Climate Conditions and Ecosystem Responses in Hawai'i"
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The bathymetry data was collected by the Hawaii Coastal Geology Group of the University of Hawai'i, Manoa in August of 2017 for USGS. A Garmin echoMAP Chirp was used to collect the data. 1 site along the western (lagoonside) and 2 at the lagoon entrance on the northern (ocean side) of the atoll was surveyed.
Abstract (from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0284.1): Sea level anomaly extremes impact tropical Pacific Ocean islands, often with too little warning to mitigate risks. With El Niño, such as the strong 2015/16 event, comes weaker trade winds and mean sea level drops exceeding 30 cm in the western Pacific that expose shallow-water ecosystems at low tides. Nearly opposite climate conditions accompany La Niña events, which cause sea level high stands (10–20 cm) and result in more frequent tide- and storm-related inundations that threaten coastlines. In the past, these effects have been exacerbated by decadal sea level variability, as well as continuing global sea level rise. Climate models,...
Abstract (from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.4862/abstract): Spatial patterns of rainfall in Hawai‘i are among the most diverse in the world. As the global climate warms, it is important to understand observed rainfall variations to provide context for future changes. This is especially important for isolated oceanic islands where freshwater resources are limited, and understanding the potential impacts of climate change on the supply of freshwater is critical. Utilizing a high-resolution gridded data set of monthly and annual rainfall for Hawai‘i from January 1920 to December 2012, seasonal and annual trends were calculated for every 250-m pixel across the state and mapped to produce spatially...
This study aims to clarify the extent to which Marshallese people are already migrating because of climate change, and the role affected ecosystem services play in their migration decisions. The research also aims to better understand the effects of this migration on migrants themselves, among communities in the RMI (in the capital of Majuro, and on Mejit and Maleolap), and in destination states (Hawai‘i, Oregon, and Washington). Finally, the research provides an analysis of shared views found within Marshallese perceptions on these subjects, which allows for a more fulsome assessment of the current state of well-being for Marshallese migrants, contributes to a more informed discussion regarding whether migration...
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Hawaiʻi is home to a rich diversity of native plants, about 90 percent of which are found nowhere else in the world. However, changing climate conditions may reduce the amount of suitable habitat for native plants and contribute to the spread of invasive plant species. The goal of this project was to better understand how Hawaiian native and invasive plants will respond to climate change. Scientists focused on 10 important native and five important invasive plant species, using over 35 years of data from thousands of locations in Hawai‘i to assess the plants’ preferred climate conditions and model their likely best future habitat based on climate change projections. The resulting maps and findings provide an initial...
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Hawaiʻi is known as the “endangered species capital of the world,” an unwelcomed label brought on by more than a century of habitat destruction, invasive species spread, and pollinator and seed disperser declines. Hawaiʿi is home to 400 endangered plant species, most of which are found nowhere else in the world. Conservation managers have spent decades putting enormous effort into carefully reintroducing thousands of rare plants into protected forests, but the ability of reintroduced populations to persist over the long-term is unknown, especially as climate change shifts patterns of temperature, rainfall and species interactions. Managers need more information to identify locations that will be the most suitable...
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Hawaiian forest birds play important roles in many ecological processes. For example, 61% of native flowering Hawaiian plant species are either bird pollinated or dispersed through ingestion by birds. However, native bird communities across Hawaiʻi continue to decline despite efforts to control predators and enhance habitat. These declines are, in part, due to the mosquito-borne avian pox and avian malaria. Scientific forecasts of the impact of avian disease on native bird populations under various climate change scenarios predict severe declines and species extinctions in all remaining forest habitat within the next 50 years. While little can currently be done to mitigate the effects of climate change on disease...
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Hawaiʻi’s native forest birds are known worldwide for their diversity and beauty. Unfortunately, many species are heading towards extinction because of bird malaria spread by mosquitoes introduced over a century ago. Remaining populations of these highly threatened forest birds tend to be at high elevations near the tree line on mountains, where cooler temperatures limit mosquitoes and malaria development. With rising temperatures in those upslope areas due to climate change, mosquitoes and disease are starting to be found at higher elevations. In addition to warming temperatures, increasingly dry conditions change stream flow allowing for the creation of pools that provide additional larval mosquito habitat in...
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On remote Pacific islands and outer atolls, agroforestry (i.e., the cultivation and conservation of trees for agriculture) provides food security and income to local communities. Growing instability from climate change and invasive species like the coconut rhinoceros beetle threaten these resources. Actively managing and sustaining agroforestry resources requires detailed and up-to-date knowledge of forest inventories and conditions. Project researchers will build capacity for conducting detailed agroforestry assessment and monitoring in Pacific Island nations, by using imagery collected from small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS or “drones”) and custom computer algorithms to automatically detect and monitor the...
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The Republic of Palau, a Freely Associated State of the U.S. and a global leader in ocean conservation, recently implemented the Palau National Marine Sanctuary, which closed 80% of its ocean to fishing. As offshore fish become scarcer in the domestic market, managers have begun to worry about increased harvesting pressure on already overfished nearshore environments. This pressure, in addition to stressors from land-use change, sea-level rise, and warming oceans, could threaten the food and economic security of many Palauans. However, adaptively managing stressors in an integrated way can mitigate declines and even promote recovery, while still being cost-effective, resulting in direct benefits to coastal communities....
Abstract (from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10745-016-9822-0): Complex systems, such as ocean currents, occur at multiple temporal and physical scales require simultaneous analysis across a range of geographic scales. Presently, there are few available nearshore current maps or models accessible to managers or the public in Hawai'i despite the fact that predicting nearshore currents and processes is important for understanding many other social-ecological interactions. Maps of coastal ocean currents are difficult to create because of constant change and the limited availability of nearshore data. Maps are symbols of our collective knowledge frameworks, representing various geographic areas and features...
Climate change will affect the beneficial uses of streamflow, which include supplying freshwater for irrigation and domestic needs, providing for traditional and customary Hawaiian practices, and maintaining habitat for native stream fauna. Statistical models were developed to estimate surface-water availability during low-flow conditions for varying rainfall conditions. Results of this study include a spatial understanding of changes in low flows and usable stream habitat on Maui for a range of projected rainfall conditions for the late 21st century. This analysis indicates that stream responses to rainfall vary spatially in Hawai‘i. For example, a 10-percent decrease in rainfall may result in a 7% decrease in...
This report identifies geospatial data and training needs and offers recommendations for the USAPI in Micronesia. The island nations include the Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Palau, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae), and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). The purpose of this framework is to facilitate the creation and use of geospatial data and products for the islands of Micronesia to support policy and decision-making for adaptation to impacts of climate change.
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Pacific Islands CASC
This project snapshot provides a brief overview of the project "Very Fine Resolution Dynamical Downscaling of Past and Future Climates for Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Islands of O`ahu and Kaua`i".
map background search result map search result map Modeling Climate-Driven Changes to Vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands Majuro Bathymetry data Assessing Mosquito Populations on the Island of Hawai'i to Help Limit the Spread of Avian Diseases and Inform the Conservation of Hawaiian Forest Birds Examining How Ridge-to-Reef Governance in Palau Can Enhance Coastal Food Security in a Changing Climate Predicting and Mitigating the Threat of Avian Disease to Forest Birds at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Using High-Resolution Imagery and Artificial Intelligence to Support Climate Change Resilience in Agroforestry Across the Pacific Assessing the Effects of Management Interventions and Climate Variability on Reintroduced Hawaiian Rare Plants Examining How Ridge-to-Reef Governance in Palau Can Enhance Coastal Food Security in a Changing Climate Majuro Bathymetry data Assessing Mosquito Populations on the Island of Hawai'i to Help Limit the Spread of Avian Diseases and Inform the Conservation of Hawaiian Forest Birds Predicting and Mitigating the Threat of Avian Disease to Forest Birds at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Modeling Climate-Driven Changes to Vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands Assessing the Effects of Management Interventions and Climate Variability on Reintroduced Hawaiian Rare Plants Using High-Resolution Imagery and Artificial Intelligence to Support Climate Change Resilience in Agroforestry Across the Pacific