Filters: Tags: Plant Growth (X)
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This dataset is from a restoration field study conducted at seven sites distributed across the southern Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona as part of the RestoreNet dryland restoration field trial network. The data consist of post-experimental restoration treatment (2018-2019) plant density and height measurements along with site precipitation, temperature, and soils data. Plant data were collected through plot monitoring visits distributed throughout the first year following restoration treatments and seeding.
These data were compiled for a networked field-trial restoration experiment (RestoreNet) that spans the southwestern US, including 21 distributed field sites. The objective of our study was to understand the environmental factors and restoration practices (including seed mixes and soil manipulation) that increase plant establishment and survival to ultimate improve restoration outcomes in dryland environments. These data represent point-in-time plant density and height measurements at our field sites at the time of monitoring. These data were collected at 21 arid and semi-arid sites, located throughout Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and California. These data were collected by USGS Restoration Assessment and Monitoring...
1. Plant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs to soil interact with microbes and abiotic factors like climate and pH to influence soil fertility and plant productivity. Although root exudates and root litter are important factors affecting the cycling of nutrients critical to plant growth, many studies remain focused on effects of above-ground litter inputs. 2. Using two species that co-dominate alpine moist meadows as a model system (the phenolic-rich forb Geum rossii, and the fast-growing grass Deschampsia caespitosa), we asked whether C from G. rossii fine roots could reduce D. caespitosa growth. We hypothesized that root C would indirectly reduce D. caespitosa growth by stimulating soil microbes, thus restricting...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Journal of Ecology,
allelopathy,
nitrogen cycling,
plant growth,
plant secondary compounds,
We investigated the effects of winter and summer drought on a shrub/grass community of the Colorado Plateau in western North America, a winter-cold, summer-hot desert that receives both winter and summer precipitation. Summer, winter and yearlong drought treatments were imposed for 2 consecutive years using rainout shelters. We chose three perennial species for this study, representing different rooting patterns and responsiveness to precipitation pulses: Oryzopsis hymenoides, a perennial bunch grass with shallow roots; Gutierrezia sarothrae, a subshrub with dimorphic roots; and Ceratoides lanata, a predominantly deep-rooted woody shrub. Growth for all three species was far more sensitive to winter than to summer...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Journal of Arid Environments,
climate change,
community change,
ecohydrology,
plant growth,
This map is one of the layers used to recreate Figure 2 in Churkina and Running (1998) in Data Basin (file title: Climate controls on plant growth) Each pixel (0.5 x 0.5) on the map represents a value derived from a specific function of annual mean temperature (Figure 1 in Churkina and Running 1998). Exerpt from Churkina and Running 1998: Though extreme low mean annual temperatures restrict vegetation productivity, less extreme low temperatures may also limit plant productivity during the period of maximum growth. The degree of thermal limitation on NPP gradually declines as the annual temperatures rise; the limitation increases again when the annual temperatures get too high. Vegetation productivity can be...
Broom snakeweed (snakeweed) is an aggressive native range-weed found throughout arid and semiarid areas of the western United States, that increases following disturbances such as overgrazing, drought, or wildfire. Ecologically based strategies that include controlling snakeweed and reestablishing desirable herbaceous species are needed to restore productivity and diversity to invaded areas. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of selected introduced and native grass species and prostrate kochia (kochia) to prevent reinvasion of snakeweed, downy brome, and annual forbs following control. This field study was replicated at two sites (Howell and Nephi, Utah) within the sagebrush-steppe biome. Snakeweed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Agropyron cristatum,
Bassia prostrata,
Bromus tectorum,
Elymus multisetus,
Gutierrezia sarothrae,
In both field and greenhouse studies, cyanobacterial and cyanolichens of cold-temperature deserts often enhance growth and essential uptake by associated herbs. That effect is associated with better seedling establishment and larger seedlings. The following are possible mechanisms for these effects: (1) the microbiota concentrate essential elements in available forms in soil surface layers, (2) the microbial surface covers are usually darker colored than the soil itself and produce warmer soils during cool seasons when soil water is most available, (3) the gelatinous sheaths of several cyanobacterial genera common on alkaline deserts contain chelating compounds, and (4) conditions that favor persistent microbial...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Collema,
Microcoleus,
Western North American Naturalist,
cryptogamic crusts,
cyanobacteria,
These data were collected to evaluate if arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) individuals and genotypes collected from across a 5.3 degree Celsius temperature gradient and grown in a common greenhouse environment had different physiological and morphological responses to inundation. The objectives of the study were to assess if 1) individuals from climatically different provenances differ in their morphological and physiological phenotypes, 2) individuals from climatically different provenances differ in their response to inundation, and 3) phenotypes and inundation responses are partially controlled by genotype. These data represent measurements made on 248 plants that were grown in a greenhouse and, also in a greenhouse...
Many Army land managers find stabilization, rehabilitation, and revegetation extremely difficult on disturbed lands in arid and semi-arid regions. Blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissima, occurs as a landscape dominant in the ecotonal region between hot and cold deserts of the western United States. Soils in this region are often characterized by well-developed microbiotic soil crusts. Revegetation efforts using blackbrush have met with limited success, prompting speculation on possible interactions with soil microorganisms, including mycorrhizal fungi. A series of experiments conducted from 1993 to 1997 tested the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of young blackbrush seedlings under...
This map is one of the layers used to recreate Figure 2 in Churkina and Running (1998) in Data Basin (file title: Climate controls on plant growth). Each pixel (0.5 degree x 0.5 degree) on the map represents a value derived from a specific function of the water balance coefficient (Figure 1 in Churkina and Running 1998). Excerpt from Churkina and Running 1998: To estimate the amount of available water [to plant growth], Churkina and Running calculated a water balance coefficient (WBC) as a difference between mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration where potential evapotranspiration was a function of mean temperature and net solar radiation (Priestley and Taylor 1972). WBC computation was based...
Several recent studies demonstrate that yield of individual plants, and their allocation of biomass between roots and shoots, can be profoundly affected by the pattern of supply of soil-based resources. Patchy provision of soil-based resources can affect the location of root biomass, as roots often proliferate in nutrient-rich patches. Root system size is important in determining whether plants access nutrient-rich patches, and the proportion of root systems located within such patches. This proportion will alter as growth proceeds. Species with small root systems have a limited ability to place roots in nutrient-rich patches even when they are very close. Of four species with different root system sizes, the growth...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Ecological Society of America,
Ecology,
belowground competition,
nutrient heterogeneity,
patch scale,
This map is one of the layers used to recreate Figure 2 in Churkina and Running (1998) in Data Basin (file title: Climate controls on plant growth). Each pixel (0.5ox0.5o) on the map represents a value derived from a specific function of the percentage of sunshine hours per year (Figure 1 in Churkina and Running 1998). Exerpt from Churkina and Running 1998: Although clouds can dramatically reduce the amount of incoming photosynthetically active radiation, plants still photosynthesize on a cloudy day by using diffuse radiation, but at lower rates. Thus, we assumed that cloudiness considerably reduced incoming solar radiation and NPP in areas with low percentages of sunshine hours per year. Vegetation productivity...
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