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The West Hills of Portland, in the southern Tualatin Mountains, trend northwest along the west side of Portland, Oregon. These silt-mantled mountains receive significant wet-season precipitation and are prone to sliding during wet conditions, occasionally resulting in significant property damage or casualties. In an effort to develop a baseline for interpretive analysis of the groundwater response to rainfall, an automated monitoring system was installed in 2006 to measure rainfall, pore-water pressure, soil suction, soil-water potential, and volumetric water content at 15-minute intervals. The data show a cyclical pattern of groundwater and moisture content levels—wet from October to May and dry between June and...
Abstract (from http://climatechangeresponses.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40665-016-0015-2): Background Detailed assessments of species responses to climate change are uncommon, owing to the limited nature of most ecological and local climate data sets. Exceptions, such as the case of the Haleakalā silversword, can provide important insights into the complexity of biological responses to changing climate conditions. We present a time series of decadal population censuses, combined with a pair of early population projections, which together span the past 80 years of demographic history for this alpine plant. Results The time series suggests a strong population recovery from the 1930s through the 1980s, likely...
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This data release includes time-series data from a monitoring site located in a small drainage basin in the Arroyo Seco watershed in Los Angeles County, CA, USA (N3788964 E389956, UTM Zone 11, NAD83). The site was established after the 2009 Station Fire and recorded a series debris flows in the first winter after the fire. The data include three types of time-series: (1) 1-minute time series of rainfall, soil water content, channel bed pore pressure and temperature, and flow stage recorded by radar and laser distance meters (ArroyoSecoContinuous.csv); (2) 10-Hz time series of flow stage recorded by the laser distance meter during rain storms (ArroyoSecoStormLaser.csv), and (3) 2-second time series of rainfall and...
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MethodsStudy area: Our initial study area included the entire globe. We began with a seamless grid of cells with a resolution of 0.5 degrees (i.e., ~50 km at the equator). Next, we created polylines representing coastlines using SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) v4.1 global digital elevation model data at a resolution of 250 m (Reuter et al. 2007). We used these coastline polylines to identify and retain cells that intersected the coast. We excluded 192,227 cells that did not intersect the coast. To avoid cells with minimal potential coastal wetland habitat, we used the coastline data to remove an additional 1,056 coastal cells that contained less than or equal to 5% coverage of land. We also removed 176...
On 28 July 1999, about 480 alpine debris flows were triggered by an afternoon thunderstorm along the Continental Divide in Clear Creek and Summit counties in the central Front Range of Colorado. The thunderstorm produced about 43 mm of rain in 4 h, 35 mm of which fell in the first 2 h. Several debris flows triggered by the storm impacted Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 6, and the Arapahoe Basin ski area. We mapped the debris flows from color aerial photography and inspected many of them in the field. Three processes initiated debris flows. The first process initiated 11% of the debris flows and involved the mobilization of shallow landslides in thick, often well vegetated, colluvium. The second process, which...
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On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria hit the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico as a category 4 storm. Heavy rainfall caused landslides in mountainous regions throughout the territory. This data release presents geospatial data describing the concentration of landslides generated by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. We used post-hurricane satellite and aerial imagery collected between September 26, 2017 and October 8, 2017 to visually estimate the concentration of landslides over nearly the whole territory. This was done by dividing the territory into a grid with 4 square km cells (2 km x 2 km). Each 4 square km grid cell was classified as either containing no landslides, fewer than 25 landslides/ square km or more than...
For much of the western USA, precipitation occurs in pulses, the nature of which determine soil water potential and plant physiological performance. This research utilized three experiments to examine the sensitivity of photosynthesis and water relations for two widespread Great Basin Desert shrub species, Artemisia tridentata (which has both deep and shallow roots) and Purshia tridentata (which reportedly has only deep roots), to (1) variation in pulse magnitude size, (2) the kinetics of responses to pulses, and (3) the relationship between pulse-size and antecedent soil water content. At the study site in the southwestern Great Basin Desert, USA, summer rainfall exhibits a greater frequency of larger-sized events,...
A natural rainfall study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicide application methods on crop residue cover, surface runoff volume, erosion, and herbicide losses with sediment and runoff water. Sediment, water, and three herbicides (atrazine [(6-chloro-N-ethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl-1,3,5 triazine)-2-4-diamine], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)], and cyanazine [2-{{4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,4-triazin-2-yl}amino}-2-methylpropionitrile]) losses were measured from continuous corn runoff plots (1.7×12.0 m long) in 1993 and 1994. Four tillage/herbicide application treatments were studied: no-till/herbicide broadcast sprayed (NT), fall chisel plow-spring disk/herbicide...
Egg production by desert tortoises was estimated at two sites in San Bernardino, California: Ivanpah Valley in 1980 and 1981 and Goffs in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Mean clutch frequencies were estimated for 1980 (1.60) and 1981 (1.10) from mass changes observed among sexually mature females weighed every 1-2 wk. Mean clutch frequencies in 1983 (1.89), 1984 (1.57) and 1985 (1.75) were estimated from periodic X-rays of females. Clutch sizes were also determined from radiographs. Tortoises at Goffs typically laid 1-2 clutches during May and June, but one female failed to lay eggs in 1984 and single tortoises laid three clutches in 1983 and 1985. If tortoises laid two clutches, the second was faintly visible in X-rays within...
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On May 25, 2014, a rain-on-snow induced rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek Valley on the northern flank of Grand Mesa in western Colorado. The avalanche traveled 4.6 km down the confined valley, killing 3 people. The avalanche was rare for the contiguous U.S. because of its large size (54.5 Mm3) and long travel distance. To understand the avalanche failure sequence, mechanisms, and mobility, we mapped landslide structures, geology, and ponds at 1:1000-scale. We used high-resolution, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) imagery from July 2014 as a base for our field mapping. Here we present the map data and UAS imagery. The data accompany an interpretive paper published in the journal Geosphere. The full citation...
Hawaii’s high and steep topography leads to pronounced small-scale variations in climate, and this makes comprehensive modeling of the weather and climate particularly challenging. This paper describes a regional model formulation designed for simulations of the microclimates in Hawaii and then documents and analyzes an extended retrospective simulation for near-present-day conditions. Part II will apply the model to projected climate conditions near the end of the present century. A nested version of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with fine horizontal resolution and improved physics for the Hawaiian region has been configured. A 20-yr triply nested simulation of the...
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The spreadsheets associated with this metadata file represent: (Tab 1) Streamflow and drainage basin characteristics of selected gaged steams in Hawaii used to develop statistical models to estimate surface-water availability during low flow conditions and for varying rainfall conditions. For gaged streams on Maui, two sets of projected rainfall conditions for the late 21st century and associated estimates of changes in low flows and usable habitat for native stream fauna are also provided. (Tab 2) Drainage basin characteristics of ungaged streams on Maui used to apply the statistical models, two sets of projected rainfall conditions for the late 21st century, and associated estimates of changes in low flows and...
In a given watershed, the accuracy of models in predicting the hydrologic and erosion behavior depends, to a large extent, on the quality of the knowledge in respect of the spatial rainfall. The hydrologic and erosion aspects of rainfall are often discussed without due regard to any resulting improvement in watershed modeling. Thus, there is a real need for streamlining raingauge networks in order to reflect rainfall variability and its effect on the prediction of water, sediment and nutrient fluxes at the watershed scale. In this study, such an impact was analyzed using 9-year data collected at the outlets of two watersheds encompassing a range of climates, surface areas and environmental conditions. The Soil and...
Abstract (from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022059/abstract): Seasonal mean rainfall projections for Hawai‘i are given based on statistical downscaling of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global model results for two future representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The spatial information content of our statistical downscaling method is improved over previous efforts through the inclusion of spatially extensive, high-quality monthly rainfall data set and the use of improved large-scale climate predictor information. Predictor variables include moisture transport in the middle atmosphere (700 hPa), vertical temperature gradients, and geopotential...
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This map represents the distribution of seven moisture zones for the main Hawaiian Islands. The maps were produced as part of a species range modeling effort for the Hawaiian flora. Details on methodology and related products can be found in: Price, J. P., J. D. Jacobi, S. M. Gon, III, D. Matsuwaki, L. Mehrhoff, W. L. Wagner, M. Lucas, and B. Rowe. 2012, Mapping plant species ranges in the Hawaiian Islands-Developing a methodology and associated GIS layers. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report OFR 2012-1192, Reston, VA.
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Seasonal variations in vegetation, rainfall, and soil moisture conditions have the potential to impact the slope stability of locally forested coastal bluffs in the Atlantic Highlands of New Jersey. Both the seasonality and rainfall amounts of the two types of storms that induce shallow landslides in the area vary considerably. Most of the documented historical landslides are the result of heavy rainfall caused by late summer-fall tropical cyclones. The majority of the remaining documented landslides are related to spring nor’easters and total storm rainfall amounts for these storms are generally lower than the rainfall amounts for the tropical cyclones. In order to assess how conditions that may affect the potential...
    map background search result map search result map Map data and Unmanned Aircraft System imagery from the May 25, 2014 West Salt Creek rock avalanche in western Colorado Moisture zones for the main Hawaiian Islands Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests Results of Hydrologic Monitoring of a Landslide-Prone Hillslope in Portland's West Hills, Oregon, 2006-2017 Summary drainage basin and low-flow characteristics in gaged Hawaii streams and summary rainfall projections for the late 21st century and associated changes in low flows and usable habitat for native stream fauna in gaged and ungaged Maui, HI streams Groundwater levels, soil moisture, precipitation, and slope movement in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, 2015-2016 Post-wildfire debris-flow monitoring data, Arroyo Seco, 2009 Station Fire, Los Angeles County, California, November 2009 to March 2010. Field data used to support numerical simulations of variably-saturated flow focused on variability in soil-water retention properties for the U.S. Geological Survey Bay Area Landslide Type (BALT) Site #1 in the East Bay region of California, USA Map data showing concentration of landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico Field data used to support numerical simulations of variably-saturated flow focused on variability in soil-water retention properties for the U.S. Geological Survey Bay Area Landslide Type (BALT) Site #1 in the East Bay region of California, USA Groundwater levels, soil moisture, precipitation, and slope movement in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, 2015-2016 Map data and Unmanned Aircraft System imagery from the May 25, 2014 West Salt Creek rock avalanche in western Colorado Results of Hydrologic Monitoring of a Landslide-Prone Hillslope in Portland's West Hills, Oregon, 2006-2017 Summary drainage basin and low-flow characteristics in gaged Hawaii streams and summary rainfall projections for the late 21st century and associated changes in low flows and usable habitat for native stream fauna in gaged and ungaged Maui, HI streams Map data showing concentration of landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico Moisture zones for the main Hawaiian Islands Climatic controls on the global distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests