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Our demands on natural systems outweigh the capacity of those systems to support us. This paper calls for an approach to development that consistently delivers ‘net benefit’ for biodiversity or ‘ecological enhancement’. Examples of enhancement are presented through four case studies in India undertaken between 2005 and 2010. Actions focus on improving the overall ecological structure, composition and functions of sites; strengthening ecological networks by creating new habitats and buffer areas; and improving the services provided by the ecosystems, without jeopardizing biodiversity. While recognizing the importance of quantitative metrics of impacts and mitigation measures to determine outcomes, such measures were...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: biological,
conservation,
control,
ecosystem,
habitat,
We mapped the tabular park visitation data for 2010 on state and national parks, derived from the PAD-US protected area database (v. 1.2). Subsequently spatial data were aggregated on county level since most of the state parks do not match the working resolution and hence would not have been visible for the analyses. We used this dataset as proxy for the provision of space for recreation and cultural experiences. Data were transformed to a standardized scale based on their maximum values. Hence, all values range between 0 and 1.
For comparing impacts of bird and bat collisions with wind turbines, investigators estimate fatalities/megawatt (MW) of rated capacity/year, based on periodic carcass searches and trials used to estimate carcasses not found due to scavenger removal and searcher error. However, scavenger trials typically place >=10 carcasses at once within small areas already supplying scavengers with carcasses deposited by wind turbines, so scavengers may be unable to process and remove all placed carcasses. To avoid scavenger swamping, which might bias fatality estimates low, we placed only 1-5 bird carcasses at a time amongst 52 wind turbines in our 249.7-ha study area, each carcass monitored by a motion-activated camera. Scavengers...
To inform the design and implementation of land-use policies that consider the variety of goods and services people derive from ecosystems, it is essential to understand spatial patterns of individual services, how multiple services relate to each other, and how these relationships vary across spatial scales and localities. Despite the importance of freshwater as a determinant of regional economic and human demographic patterns, there are surprisingly few studies that map the provision of a range of services associated with the quality of the aquatic environment. Here we examine relationships between indicators of riverine water and associated habitat quality, freshwater biodiversity, three terrestrial ecosystem...
The aim of this study is to develop a method that allows selecting appropriate measures for reductions in negative environmental impacts on a regional energy system. In this paper a sophisticated screening method based on theoretical and practical basics of decision-making is proposed. The proposed method is applied and tested on the energy system of a typical rural middle-sized region in Latvia. The starting point for energy system analysis was evaluation of DSM (demand side management) options but later authors chose to include also primary energy to evaluate the whole regional energy system. The proposed method foresees different aspects: not only technical and economical possibilities, but also political and...
A general model for valuation of changes in natural resource service flows, entirely consistent with Hicksian concepts of consumer surplus, is developed. It is a total value model, applicable to all classes of goods: divisible and indivisible in production, divisible and indivisible in consumption, exclusive and nonexclusive. The standard result of partial equilibrium microeconomics--price is equal to value at the margin--may be derived as a special case from this model. An empirical application involving the valuation of changes in the provision of wildlife-related amenities is presented.
This ArcGIS Server service shaded relief provides a cached service for users of Wyoming geospatial data using ESRI GIS. The service provides scale-dependant representation of the 30 meter DEM shaded relief for Wyoming. USE CONSTRAINTS: Users should follow use constraints found for each data layer available in the mapping service. Visit the Wyoming GeoLibrary for original metadata. WYGISC DOES NOT GUARANTEE 24/7 SUPPORT OF ITS UNFUNDED, FREE MAPPING SERVICES. WyGISC reserves the right to remove access to these services at any time.
This ArcGIS Server serviceDRGs (Digital Raster Graphics), or topos (USGS Topographic Maps) provides a cached service for users of Wyoming geospatial data using ESRI GIS. The service provides scale-dependant representation of the 250,000, 100,000, and 24,000 topos for Wyoming. USE CONSTRAINTS: Users should follow use constraints found for each data layer available in the mapping service. Visit the Wyoming GeoLibrary for original metadata. WYGISC DOES NOT GUARANTEE 24/7 SUPPORT OF ITS UNFUNDED, FREE MAPPING SERVICES. WyGISC reserves the right to remove access to these services at any time.
The aim of this study is to develop a method that allows selecting appropriate measures for reductions in negative environmental impacts on a regional energy system. In this paper a sophisticated screening method based on theoretical and practical basics of decision-making is proposed. The proposed method is applied and tested on the energy system of a typical rural middle-sized region in Latvia. The starting point for energy system analysis was evaluation of DSM (demand side management) options but later authors chose to include also primary energy to evaluate the whole regional energy system. The proposed method foresees different aspects: not only technical and economical possibilities, but also political and...
This paper presents a probabilistic exposure model and its adaptation for use with spatially explicit information: soil contaminant concentrations and pH levels, predicted by geostatistical simulation; and population data mapped according to place of residence. Sequential indicator simulation (SIS) is used to provide 1000 plausible maps of soil contaminant concentrations, and results are fed into the exposure model to produce risk maps. Distributions of exposure values are closely related to uncertainty in the soil contaminant values. Using a different support for the estimations has a large effect on the results when comparing exposure values to regulatory cut-offs. Mapping the number of overexposed people allows...
Mine reclamation is an integral part of the mineral development process. The selection of land use after the mine closure is a difficult decision, which is complicated further because of the variety of parameters that must be taken into account trying to provide the local community with a viable development plan. Conventional methods used for reclamation planning are characterised by the lack of data integration and by time-consuming analysis. In this study, we propose a spatial decision-support system (SDSS) that minimises these problems, as data integration and analysis are offered within one computerised environment. A geographical information system and multi-criteria decision-making methods, based on binary...
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