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Past research has suggested that during the calving period, caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Arctic Alaska generally avoid areas within 1 km of oilfield roads with traffic. However, avoidance is not absolute, and caribou may habituate to infrastructure (e.g., buildings, roads, well pads) and human activity. We conducted road-based surveys of caribou in oilfields on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain during the late calving and post-calving periods of June in 2000– 02. We recorded location, composition, and behavior of caribou groups located less than 1 km from active gravel roads and production pads. Caribou groups with calves were on average distributed farther from oilfield infrastructure than were groups without calves,...
Global models project impending climate changes that could significantly alter plant species composition in ecosystems. Climate manipulation experiments provide an opportunity to investigate such effects. Here we describe and apply a method for extracting the age-detrended growth rate of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) and show that experimental ecosystem warming enhances the growth rate of this shrub. Snowmelt date, not soil temperature or moisture, is demonstrated to be the dominant climate variable controlling the observed effect. Our findings suggest that global climate change will result in increased growth and range expansion of sagebrush near northern or high-elevation range boundaries in the Western...
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In California, increased wildfire activity has been linked to decreasing snowpack and earlier snowmelt. Not only has this translated into a longer fire season, but reduced snowpack has cascading effects that impact streamflow, water supplies, agricultural productivity, and ecosystems. California receives 80% of its precipitation during the winter, so mountain snowpack plays a critical role in replenishing the state’s water supply. One factor that affects the amount of winter precipitation (and therefore snowpack) in California is the North Pacific Jet (NPJ)—a current of strong, high altitude winds that occur over the northern Pacific Ocean. Winters when the NPJ is located further north than normal are drier than...
Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Report; Tags: 2013, CA, CA-wide, CASC, Completed, All tags...
The timing of life history traits is central to lifetime fitness and nowhere is this more evident or well studied as in the phenology of flowering in governing plant reproductive success. Recent changes in the timing of environmental events attributable to climate change, such as the date of snowmelt at high altitudes, which initiates the growing season, have had important repercussions for some common perennial herbaceous wildflower species. The phenology of flowering at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (Colorado, USA) is strongly influenced by date of snowmelt, which makes this site ideal for examining phenological responses to climate change. Flower buds of Delphinium barbeyi, Erigeron speciosus, and...
Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural (internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada (CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by “center timing” (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify the natural variability in CT trends. Estimated 50-year trends in CT due to...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: runoff, snowmelt, streamflow
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The overall project goal is to understand and model the watershed impacts of forest restoration actions (thinning, prescribed fire) and climate change on the hydrologic function, particularly with respect to (1) changes in soil moisture and water yield during snowmelt, (2) inter-annual and directional changes in stream water quality, and (3) the resulting impacts on watershed management for wildlife species threatened by disturbance and climate change.Specifically, we will: use known relationships of forest structure on snow-water equivalent (SWE) values and processes of sublimation (ablation), infiltration and run-off in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico to model forest-stand restoration prescriptions,...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Cultural Resources, Decision Support, Federal resource managers, Informing Conservation Delivery, Jemez Mountains, All tags...
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These data are derived from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) and used as input to a total dissolved solids SPARROW model for the Upper Colorado River Basin. The BCM mechanistically models the pathways of precipitation into evapotranspiration, infiltration into soils, runoff, or percolation below the root zone to recharge groundwater (Flint and others, 2013). The dataset is composed of twelve, 270-meter resolution raster layers representing mean total annual values for water years 1985 - 2012 of actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), excess water (exc), snowmelt (mlt), snowpack (pck), potential evapotranspiration (pet), precipitation (ppt), recharge (rch), runoff (run), sublimation (sbl),...
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To help determine when winter conditions were changing to spring conditions annually in our four study areas, we determined the first eight-day interval (in accordance with the scale limitations of satellite data we used to assess the presence of snow) during which the first amphibian of the season called at each of our study wetlands in those areas. To do this, we examined contour plots of summaries of all the acoustic data we collected at that site in a given year to identify the unique call signatures of individual amphibian species by date and time. When necessary due to potential confounding on a contour plot, we also examined relevant individual five-minute recordings aurally and visually to confirm whether...
Abstract (from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685): Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemistry of glacier ecosystems. However, the specific sources of glacier DOC remain unresolved. To assess the origin and nature of glacier DOC, we collected snow from 10 locations along a transect across the Juneau Icefield, Alaska extending from the coast toward the interior. The Δ14C-DOC of snow varied from −743 to −420‰ showing progressive depletion across the Icefield as δ18O of water became more depleted (R2 = 0.56). Older DOC corresponded to lower DOC concentrations in snow ( R2 = 0.31) and a decrease in percent humic-like fluorescence ( R2 = 0.36), indicating an overall...
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This data release contains SnowModel snow evolution simulation output on a 100-meter (m) geospatial grid for a 311 kilometer (km) × 300 km model domain in Colorado, United States, encompassing the Colorado and Gunnison River Basin headwaters in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model convection-permitting and orography-resolving (4-km grid spacing) regional climate simulations provided the atmospheric forcing conditions to drive SnowModel in both a current and future climate scenario. A pair of continuous 13-water-year (2001-13) WRF model simulations was utilized: (1) a current climate control (CTL) simulation forced using ERA-Interim reanalysis, and (2) a future climate simulation...
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Synopsis: This paper describes the spatial distribution of pH measurements from 60 sites distributed throughout the Kychlan River catchment, a 67km⊃2; boreal watershed in northern Sweden. Water samples were collected during a period of winter baseflow and during a spring flood episode. Chemical analyses included pH, Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), major cations (K, Mg, Na, Ca) and total filterable aluminum. Spring flood pH was shown to be highest in larger, lower altitude catchments underlain by fine sorted sediments, and lowest in small, higher altitude catchments underlain by a mixture of peat wetlands and forested till. There was also a trend with distance downstream of higher pH, acid neutralizing capacity and...
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This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction (wdir). The...
map background search result map search result map The Influence of the North Pacific Jet Stream on Future Fire in California Spatial heterogeneity of the spring flood acid pulse in a boreal stream network. Watershed Disturbance and Restoration Impacts on Hydrologic Function Relative to Increased Snowmelt Water Yields, Stream Water Quality, and Species Conservation in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Model Calibration and Validation on a Landscape Scale Selected Basin Characterization Model Parameters for the Upper Colorado River Basin The eight-day interval during which amphibians first called annually at individual study wetlands across four study areas High Resolution Current and Future Climate SnowModel Simulations in the Upper Colorado River Basin Historical simulated snowpack and other hydrometeorology data at 30 m for the Crown of the Continent and vicinity, United States and Canada, water years 1981-2020 Watershed Disturbance and Restoration Impacts on Hydrologic Function Relative to Increased Snowmelt Water Yields, Stream Water Quality, and Species Conservation in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Model Calibration and Validation on a Landscape Scale Historical simulated snowpack and other hydrometeorology data at 30 m for the Crown of the Continent and vicinity, United States and Canada, water years 1981-2020 High Resolution Current and Future Climate SnowModel Simulations in the Upper Colorado River Basin Selected Basin Characterization Model Parameters for the Upper Colorado River Basin The Influence of the North Pacific Jet Stream on Future Fire in California The eight-day interval during which amphibians first called annually at individual study wetlands across four study areas Spatial heterogeneity of the spring flood acid pulse in a boreal stream network.