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Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) is a vertebrate pesticide widely used for possum control in New Zealand. Fluoroacetate is also a toxic component of poisonous plants found in Australia, South Africa, South America, and India. Because of its importance and effectiveness in pest control and the highly toxic nature of this compound, its acute sub-lethal and target organ toxicity have been extensively studied. In relation to its use as a pesticide its environmental fate, persistence, non-target impacts and general toxicology have been and continue to be extensively studied. Toxic baits must be prepared and used with extreme care, otherwise humans, livestock, and non-target wildlife will be put at risk. The high risk...
Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) is a vertebrate pesticide widely used for possum control in New Zealand. Fluoroacetate is also a toxic component of poisonous plants found in Australia, South Africa, South America, and India. Because of its importance and effectiveness in pest control and the highly toxic nature of this compound, its acute sub-lethal and target organ toxicity have been extensively studied. In relation to its use as a pesticide its environmental fate, persistence, non-target impacts and general toxicology have been and continue to be extensively studied. Toxic baits must be prepared and used with extreme care, otherwise humans, livestock, and non-target wildlife will be put at risk. The high risk...
Natural and anthropogenic changes in basin lake levels in the western U.S. expose saline, alkaline substrates that are commonly colonized by shrubs in the Chenopodiaceae. On a chronosequence of recently exposed substrates at Mono Lake, California, Sarcobatus vermiculatus has greatest biomass accrual, seed production, seedling establishment, and leaf N at younger sites where soils are extremely saline and alkaline. These field observations and an understanding of the role of N-containing compatible solutes in salinity tolerance of halophytes led to our prediction that Na and N interactions stimulate Sarcobatus performance. To test this, we grew Sarcobatus juveniles for 2 years in the greenhouse at 4 levels of NaCl...
Sodium content of utricles, utricle bracts, testa, and embryo was determined for Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Immediately after germination, seedlins were grown in H2O, 330 mM NaCl, or 225 mM Na2SO4 solutions, and Na+ content was determined. Sodium content of utricles averaged 38 900 [mu]g[middle dot]g-1, with highest concentrations in bracts (53 100 [mu]g[middle dot]g-1), and lowest concentrations (1843 [mu]g[middle dot]g-1) in embryos. Sodium concentration of washed embryos averaged 954 [mu]g[middle dot]g-1. Seedlings germinated from debracted utricles and grown 24 h in distilled H2O contained 2965 [mu]g[middle dot]g-1 Na+. The Na+ content of seedlings germinated and grown 24 h in NaCl or Na2SO4 solutions averaged...
Recent water level declines of a saline and alkaline lake (Mono Lake, California, USA) have exposed large areas of former lake bottom substrates that have been sparsely colonized by the halophytic shrub, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. To increase understanding of the interaction of salt and nutrient relations in halophytes we investigated spatial and seasonal patterns of leaf elemental composition and growth for Sarcobatus along an extreme salinity gradient using four sites varying in age since exposure. Soil and groundwater Na and EC increased from non-saline at the site farthest from the Lake to highly saline at the site closest to the Lake. Leaf and stem length growth declined along this same transect. In June, when...