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Managing Changing Landscapes in the Southwestern United States Natural landscapes in the Southwestern United States are changing. In recent decades, rising temperatures and drought have led to drier conditions, contributed to large-scale ecological impacts, and affected many plant and animal species across the region. The current and future trajectory of climate change underscores the need for managers and conservation professionals to understand the impacts of these patterns on natural resources. In this regional assessment of the Southwest Climate Change Initiative, we evaluate changes in annual average temperatures from 1951–2006 across major habitats and large watersheds and compare these changes to the number of species of conservation concern that are found within these... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Chihuahuan Desert, English, Madrean, Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, All tags... US, assessment, biodiversity, bird, climate, ecoregion, endangered, grassland, groundwater, mammal, management, map, model, monitoring, ownership, plant, priority, protected area, rare, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, river, shrub, stream, threat, threatened, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Observed shifts in land surface conditions during the North American Monsoon: Implications for a vegetation?rainfall feedback mechanism The North American Monsoon (NAM) is characterized by seasonal precipitation pulses which produce a considerable impact on land surface conditions. Changes in land surface processes have received less attention among the factors that concurrently influence the NAM. In this study, we utilize remotely-sensed and ground-based measurements to infer land surface changes that can influence the NAM through a vegetation?rainfall feedback mechanism. Our study is focused over the period 2004?2007 in northwest Mexico. Results from the analysis of remote sensing data indicate that the ground observations at an eddy covariance tower are representative of the land surface dynamics in subtropical scrublands. The extensive subtropical... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Journal of Arid Environments, ecohydrology, north american monsoon, remote sensing, semiarid ecosystems, All tags... sonoran desert, spatiotemporal variability, Fewer tags Decadal shifts in grass and woody plant cover are driven by prolonged drying and modified by topo-edaphic properties Abstract (from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.1389/full): Woody plant encroachment and overall declines in perennial vegetation in dryland regions can alter ecosystem properties and indicate land degradation, but the causes of these shifts remain controversial. Determining how changes in the abundance and distribution of grass and woody plants are influenced by conditions that regulate water availability at a regional scale provides a baseline to compare how management actions alter the composition of these vegetation types at a more local scale and can be used to predict future shifts under climate change. Using a remote-sensing-based approach, we assessed the balance between grasses and woody plants... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Aridity, Drought, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, National CASC, Sonoran Desert, All tags... climate change, desert land degradation, shrub encroachment, Fewer tags Observed shifts in land surface conditions during the North American Monsoon: Implications for a vegetation–rainfall feedback mechanism The North American Monsoon (NAM) is characterized by seasonal precipitation pulses which produce a considerable impact on land surface conditions. Changes in land surface processes have received less attention among the factors that concurrently influence the NAM. In this study, we utilize remotely-sensed and ground-based measurements to infer land surface changes that can influence the NAM through a vegetation–rainfall feedback mechanism. Our study is focused over the period 2004–2007 in northwest Mexico. Results from the analysis of remote sensing data indicate that the ground observations at an eddy covariance tower are representative of the land surface dynamics in subtropical scrublands. The extensive subtropical... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Journal of Arid Environments, ecohydrology, north american monsoon, remote sensing, semiarid ecosystems, All tags... sonoran desert, spatiotemporal variability, Fewer tags Pleistocene Impacts on the Phylogeography of the Desert Pocket Mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus) The desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus) comprises 6 nominate subspecies that occupy warm, sandy desert-scrub habitats across the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. The most thorough morphological assessment within the species noted variable levels of distinctiveness, leading to uncertainty regarding the geographic distributions of subspecies. Subsequent genetic assessments using chromosomal, allozymic, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data detected a general east?west divergence centered on the Colorado River, but few locations were included in these assessments. We investigated phylogeographic structure in C. penicillatus by sequencing regions of mtDNA for 220 individuals from 51 locations representing... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: American Society of Mammalogists, Chaetodipus penicillatus, Journal of Mammalogy, Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, All tags... desert pocket mouse, ecological niche modeling, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, subspecies, Fewer tags An Ecological Analysis of Conservation Priorities in the Sonoran Desert Ecoregion A bi-national team was convened in 1998 to compile and analyze biological and ecological data for the 55-million acre (22 million ha) Sonoran Desert Ecoregion, which comprises parts of Arizona, California, Sonora, and Baja, California. The objective of this project was to use a science-based approach to identify a network of Conservation Sites throughout the Ecoregion that, with proper management, would ensure the long-term persistence of the Ecoregion's biodiversity, including rare and common species, native vegetation communities, and the ecological processes needed to maintain these elements of biodiversity. The technical team convened to compile and analyze data included staff from The Nature Conservancy, Sonoran... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Mexico, Sonoran Desert, United States, ecoregion, ownership, All tags... plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, threat, vegetation, wildlife, Fewer tags Quantitative and Predictive Analysis: Landscape Connectivity of Isolated Waters for Wildlife in the Sonoran Desert Executive Summary: We provide an analysis of Sonoran Desert water network connectivity to inform managers of current conditions for target wildlife and how the connectivity will change as the landscape becomes more water limited.Climate change is expected to lead to fragmentation of the network, increasing coalescence distance by 8% and reducing the persistence and overall number of waters on the landscape. Identification of key water sites, ranked by network connectivity metrics, are presented in Appendix B. Wetland number under our scenario of water limitation will decline by 43% reducing network resilience.Anurans and Caudates, although varying in ability to disperse, generally experienced reduced connectivity... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service, Shapefile; Tags: 2013, AZ-01, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, All tags... Academics & scientific researchers, Applications and Tools, Arizona, CA-36, CA-50, CA-51, California, Conservation Design, Conservation NGOs, Conservation Plan/Design/Framework, Data.gov Desert LCC, Datasets/Database, Decision Support, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > WETLANDS, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Publication, Report, Sonoran Desert, Transboundary Madrean Watersheds Pilot Area, United States, Vulnerability Assessment, biota, completed, connectivity, map, product, southwestern United States, water, wetlands, wildlife, Fewer tags Seed dispersal of desert annuals. We quantified seed dispersal in a guild of Sonoran Desert winter desert annuals at a protected natural field site in Tucson, Arizona, USA. Seed production was suppressed under shrub canopies, in the open areas between shrubs, or both by applying an herbicide prior to seed set in large, randomly assigned removal plots (10-30 m diameter). Seedlings were censused along transects crossing the reproductive suppression borders shortly after germination. Dispersal kernels were estimated for Pectocarya recurvata and Schismus barbatus from the change in seedling densities with distance from these borders via inverse modeling. Estimated dispersal distances were short, with most seeds traveling less than a meter. The adhesive... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Ecology, Pectocarya recurvata, Schismus barbatus, Sonoran Desert, desert annuals, All tags... dispersal kernel, escape in time and space, inverse modeling, removal experiment, seed dispersal, species coexistence, Fewer tags Publication and Report: Ecosystem Water Balance in a Desert Grassland ​Abstract: Climate change predictions include warming and drying trends, which are expected to be particularly pronounced in the southwestern United States. In this region, grassland dynamics are tightly linked to available moisture, yet it has proven difficult to resolve what aspects of climate drive vegetation change. In part, this is because it is unclear how heterogeneity in soils affects plant responses to climate. Here, we combine climate and soil properties with a mechanistic soil water model to explain temporal fluctuations in perennial grass cover, quantify where and the degree to which incorporating soil water dynamics enhances our ability to understand temporal patterns, and explore the potential consequences... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags... Applications and Tools, Arizona, Big Bend ‐ Río Bravo & Lower Río Conchos Pilot Area, CA-08, CO-03, California, Chihuahua, Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado Plateau, Conservation NGOs, Data.gov Desert LCC, Datasets/Database, Decision Support, EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Mexico, Mojave Desert, Mojave Desert Pilot Area, NM-02, NV-03, NV-04, New Mexico, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Publication, Report, Sonora, Sonoran Desert, TX-16, TX-23, Transboundary Madrean Watersheds Pilot Area, UT-02, UT-03, United States, User Manual, Utah, Vulnerability Assessment, biota, climate change, completed, desert southwest, ecohydrology, plants, product, soil water, vegetation change, water availability, Fewer tags Slow recovery in desert perennial vegetation following prolonged human disturbance Questions: How long may it take for desert perennial vegetation to recover from prolonged human disturbance and how do different plant community variables (i.e. diversity, density and cover) change during the recovery process? Location: Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA. Methods: Since protection from grazing from 1907 onwards, plant diversity, density and cover of perennial species were monitored intermittently on ten 10 m × 10 m permanent plots on Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Results: The study shows an exceptionally slow recovery of perennial vegetation from prolonged heavy grazing and other human impacts. Since protection, overall species richness and habitat heterogeneity at the study site continued to increase... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Climate effects, Grazing, Journal of Vegetation Science, Long-term dynamics, Site history, All tags... Sonoran Desert, Species turnover, Fewer tags Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States: Wildlife and Fish, Volume 2 This report is volume 2 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broad-scale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an assessment area. Volume 1 of this assessment focused on the ecology, types, conditions, and management practices of Southwestern grasslands. Volume 2 (this volume) describes wildlife and fish species, their habitat requirements, and species-specific management concerns, in Southwestern grasslands. This assessment is regional in scale and pertains primarily... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, Chihuahuan Desert, English, Sonoran Desert, agriculture, All tags... amphibian, assessment, biodiversity, bird, climate, condition, connectivity, contamination, development, endangered, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, invertebrate, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, monitoring, ownership, plan, priority, program, protected area, rare, recreation, reptile, research, restoration, riparian, river, road, scrub, shrub, soil, spring, stream, terrestrial, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States, Volume 1 This report is volume 1 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broadscale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an assessment area. Volume 1 of this assessment focuses on the ecology, types, conditions, and management practices of Southwestern grasslands. The second volume, due to be published in 2005, describes wildlife and fish species, their habitat requirements, and species-specific management concerns, in Southwestern grasslands. This assessment is regional in... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, Chihuahuan Desert, English, GIS, OHV, All tags... Sonoran Desert, agriculture, amphibian, biodiversity, bird, climate, connectivity, contamination, cultural, development, endangered, energy, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, invasive, inventory, invertebrate, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, model, monitoring, oil, ownership, plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, recreation, reptile, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, road, scrub, shrub, soil, stream, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Digital image-derived greenness links deep soil moisture to carbon uptake in a creosotebush-dominated shrubland Changes in the timing, frequency, and magnitude of precipitation events are projected for semiarid ecosystems worldwide. The ecological consequences associated with these precipitation changes will be better understood if the hydrological triggers of vegetation response can be better identified. Previous research has suggested that soil moisture, likely from large monsoon rainstorms, plays a critical role in triggering the phenological response of semiarid shrublands. Here we propose that the recent emergence of time-lapse repeat digital photography (pheno-cams) can play a role in further explaining the hydrological triggers of phenological response in semiarid shrublands. This study is focused on a creosotebush-dominated... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Journal of Arid Environments, green-up, larrea tridentata, pheno-cams, phenology, All tags... santa rita experimental range, sonoran desert, Fewer tags