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Resting metabolic rate of pygmy rabbits (0.89 ml 02 g-1 h-1) was high compared to other eutherian mammals, but not unusual among lagomorphs. The estimated size of the zone of thermoneutrality was ca. 8-90C, with the lower critical temperature occurring between 15 and 200C, depending on body mass. Minimum thermal conductance was lower and mean body temperature was higher than predicted for similarly sized mammals. Body temperature fluctuated > 1?C within a 24-h period, but showed no circadian patterns. Pygmy rabbits are thermally stressed during harsh winters in Wyoming, but low thermal conductance, a highenergy source of food, and favorable microenvironments enhance survival. Published in Journal of Mammalogy, volume...
1. Heating and cooling rates of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, were measured in the field and in the laboratory. 2. Heating rates in the field were up to ten times faster than cooling rates. 3. Under controlled conditions, heating rates equalled rates of cooling. 4. Heart rates during heating were significantly faster than during cooling at any particular body temperature. 5. Subcutaneous neck temperatures did not differ from cloacal temperatures during heating or cooling, suggesting a state of continuous vasodilation. 6. Results are interpreted as suggesting that behavioral postures and activities play a greater role than physiology in the determination of thermal exchange rates of the desert tortoise....
1. 1. Deep body and shell surface temperatures were monitored via radio-telemetry from unrestrained desert tortoises in their natural habitat. 2. 2. The surface of the carapace acts as a buffer against solar radiation, resulting in deep body temperatures up to 10�C below shell surface at the time of the midday retreat to burrows. 3. 3. The burrow of the desert tortoise provides the only ambient temperatures at ground level which are below the lethal range for this species during midday hours. 4. 4. Evening retreat to burrows permits an extension of higher body temperatures into the mid-evening hours. 5. 5. The use of evening burrow retreats lessens in mid-summer. This behavioral change results in lower body temperatures...
Of the primary responses to contemporary climate change – “move, adapt, acclimate, or die” – that are available to organisms, “acclimate” may be effectively achieved through behavioral modification. Behavioral flexibility allows animals to rapidly cope with changing environmental conditions, and behavior represents an important component of a species’ adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge about the limits or constraints on behavioral responses to changing conditions. Here, we characterize the contexts in which organisms respond to climate variability through behavior. First, we quantify patterns in behavioral responses across taxa with respect to timescales,...
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This dataset represents a modeling effort intended to explore the impacts of oiling on migratory birds. The purpose of this model is to provide a first principles approach to predict potential biological impacts of altered energetics dynamics in north American migratory birds due to oiling of feathers. This data includes predicted theoretical impacts on migration timing, wintering latitude, starvation rates, and increased food uptake. This data was generated through model implementation in R (R Core Team 2020; Version 4.0.4).
1. 1.|The temperature preference of Bufo marinus in a linear thermal gradient over a 24 h period was measured in the spring using uniform light (UL) over the length of the gradient and in the spring and fall using a point source of light over the hot end of the gradient only (LH). 2. 2.|The temperature preference of Bufo cognatus in a linear thermal gradient was measured over a 24 h period during the fall with the LH regime. 3. 3.|Light regime and season had no effect on the mean body temperature (Tb) selected over a 24 h period in B. marinus. The pattern of temperature selection over time was influenced by season. 4. 4.|Temperate B. cognatus selected significantly higher mean Tbs that the tropical B. marinus and...
    map background search result map search result map Simulated impacts of feather oiling on avian energetics and migration: R environment model code and raw output Simulated impacts of feather oiling on avian energetics and migration: R environment model code and raw output