Filters: Tags: Transpiration (X)
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These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. With increasing population growth and land-use change, urban communities in the desert southwest are progressively looking to remote basins to supplement existing water supplies. Recent applications for groundwater appropriations from Dixie Valley, Nevada, a primarily undeveloped basin neighboring the Carson Desert to the east, have prompted a reevaluation of the quantity of naturally discharging groundwater.The objective of this...
This U.S. Geological Survey data release contains datasets that combine past data with future projections of nitrogen sources and nitrogen export to the Chesapeake Bay watershed for the years 1950-2050. To help understand the effect of human and environmental changes over this time period, data for nitrogen sources from wastewater, agricultural fertilizer and manure, and atmospheric deposition are combined with datasets of population and land use. These datasets were used in conjunction with a previously calibrated SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) modeling tool to estimate the mean annual loads of total nitrogen to the Chesapeake Bay and nontidal stream reaches in the watershed at...
Global alfalfa-reference potential evapotranspiration (ETr) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) modeling for worldwide applications. This dataset was constructed for use with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model as a key driver of the final ETa magnitude. SSEBop is a parametric energy balance-based model that determines actual ET as the product of two independent estimates: 1) the SSEBop modeled ET fraction (ETf), an index nominally varying between 0 and 1 and derived from observed Landsat surface temperature using satellite psychrometry, and 2) the potential ET (maximum) under environmental conditions for an alfalfa crop (in millimeters). As SSEBop ETf can now...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climatology,
ET modeling,
Global,
Hydrology,
Reference Evapotranspiration,
This raster dataset represents normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values calculated from National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) spectral data for the vegetated evapotranspiration (ET) unit in the groundwater discharge areas for the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and contributing areas. Estimated groundwater discharge by ET also is presented.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Amargosa River,
California,
California Valley,
Chicago Valley,
ET unit,
This USGS data release consists of three data sets used as the basis for estimates of groundwater discharge from evapotranspiration in Tule Valley and part of Sevier Valley, UT. The data sets are a mapped groundwater discharge area (GDA), a mean modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), and evapotranspiration (ET) units derived from the MSAVI within the GDA. The GDA represents the area within each valley where discharge from evaporation by open water or bare soil and transpiration from phreatophytic plants exceeds the volume of water contributed by precipitation. The GDA was delineated during field reconnaissance of the study area using techniques similar to those used in previous studies throughout Nevada...
This data set represents evapotranspiration (ET) units based on a 2017-2018 summer mean modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI). The MSAVI information was used to partition Tule Valley and part of Sevier Valley, UT into six discharging ET units (playa; open water; very sparse desert shrub; sparse-to-dense desert shrub; grassland; and dense meadow and marshland), and scale estimates of groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) to the basin level. ET units represent generalized groupings of vegetation and soil conditions. The units are constrained by a groundwater discharge area (GDA) which represents the area where discharge from evaporation by open water or bare soil and transpiration from phreatophytic plants...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: ET,
Great Basin,
Juab County,
Millard County,
Utah,
1. Microclimate was measured and photosynthetic responses to a climate warming manipulation were compared for the evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata and the herbaceous forb Erigeron speciosus in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. 2. Soil was warmer and drier under infra-red heaters compared with control plots. 3. Midday xylem pressure potential did not differ for A. tridentata on heated vs control plots but was lower for E. speciosus on heated plots compared with controls. Leaf temperatures did not vary for the two species on heated or control plots. 4. There were no significant treatment or species differences in the diurnal patterns of CO2 assimilation or stomatal conductance to water vapour. Also, there were...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Artemisia tridentata,
Erigeron speciosus,
Functional Ecology,
chlorophyll fluorescence,
gas exchange,
Quaking aspen cover 3.3 million hectares in the Upper Colorado River Basin, and these areas are gradually converting to conifer forest by the natural process of ecological succession. This change is being hastened by forest managment practices that reduce fires, destroy pests, or otherwise prevent the natural processes that previously caused conifer areas to revert to the subclimax aspen. The hydrologic consequence has been forecast to cause a runoff reduction in the Colorado River as large as one million acre-feet annually, a major blow to water availability in the Lower Basin. Understanding and dealing with the problems requires quantitative comparision of the evaportranspiration rates of conifer and aspen forests...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
ScienceBase Citation;
Tags: Chicken Creek watershed,
Colorado River Basin,
Utah,
aspen,
conifers,
This data release contains the shapefiles of mean annual water-budget components for Guam for historic (1990‒2009) and future (2080‒2099) climate conditions. Components estimated for the 1990–2009 scenario represent an update to the historic (1961–2005) components estimated by Johnson (2012), and serve as a historic baseline for the components estimated for the future (2080–2099) climate scenario. The recharge distributions were estimated as part of a larger effort (Gingerich and others, 2019) to evaluate how one set of climate projections may impact Guam’s future groundwater resources. The recharge estimates may be used in numerical groundwater models that can evaluate the collective impacts of changes in recharge,...
This shapefile represents the spatial distribution of mean annual water-budget components, in inches, for the island of Oahu, Hawaii for a projected future-climate condition representative of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) 2041-70 scenario climate and 2010 land cover, as described in USGS Professional Paper (PP) 1876 by Izuka and Rotzoll (2023). The water-budget components for each model subarea were computed for the future-climate condition and 2010 land cover using a water-budget model developed by Engott and others (2017). The 2010 land-cover map developed by Engott (2017) was used to define the land-cover conditions and the model...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Hawaii,
Hydrology,
Oahu,
Pacific Islands,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for Santa Clara River Valley (SCRV). Gridded climate inputs include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), snowpack (pck), recharge (rch), runoff (run), and soil storage (str). The units for temperature variables are degrees Celsius, and all other variables are in millimeters. Monthly historical variables from water years 1896 to 2019 are summarized into water year files and long-term average summaries for water...
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for San Francisco Coastal South (SFCS). Gridded climate inputs include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), snowpack (pck), recharge (rch), runoff (run), and soil storage (str). The units for temperature variables are degrees Celsius, and all other variables are in millimeters. Monthly historical variables from water years 1896 to 2019 are summarized into water year files and long-term average summaries for water...
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for Fort Bragg (FBG). Gridded climate inputs include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), snowpack (pck), recharge (rch), runoff (run), and soil storage (str). The units for temperature variables are degrees Celsius, and all other variables are in millimeters. Monthly historical variables from water years 1896 to 2019 are summarized into water year files and long-term average summaries for water years 1981-2010....
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for Napa Sonoma (NSM). Gridded climate inputs include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), snowpack (pck), recharge (rch), runoff (run), and soil storage (str). The units for temperature variables are degrees Celsius, and all other variables are in millimeters. Monthly historical variables from water years 1896 to 2019 are summarized into water year files and long-term average summaries for water years 1981-2010....
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
Napa,
Sonoma,
United States,
atmospheric and climatic processes,
Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) rates from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) method, before and after bias corrections (Sepúlveda, 2021), are presented for basins located wholly or partially within the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The SSEBop annual rates are provided at about a one square-kilometer scale from 2000 to 2017. Annual ETa rates calculated from the application of the water-balance method (wbETa) to 12 basins in the SWFWMD and annual land-use ETa (luETa) rates calculated from monthly average crop coefficient ratios are also provided in this data set. A GIS shapefile provides land-use type and annual ETa rate for each year of record. Data are tabulated in...
In water-limited environments of the intermountain region of North America, summer precipitation may play a role in the structure and function of aridland communities and ecosystems. This study examined the potential reliance on summer precipitation of two widespread, coexisting woody species in the southwestern United States, Pinus edulis Englmn. (Colorado pi�on) and Juniperus osteosperma (Torr) Little (Utah juniper). The current distributions of P. edulis and J. osteosperma are highly suggestive of different dependencies on summer rainfall. We hypothesized that P. edulis was dependent on summer precipitation, utilizing summer precipitation even during extremely dry summers, whereas J. osteosperma was not dependent,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Juniperus osteosperma,
Oecologia,
Pinus edulis,
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
Summer precipitation,
Water availability defines and is the most frequent control on processes in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of water in dry areas, knowledge about key processes in the water balance is surprisingly limited. How water is partitioned between evaporation and transpiration is an area about which ecosystem ecologists have almost no information. We used a daily time step soil water model and 39 years of data to describe the ecohydrology of a shortgrass steppe and investigate how manipulation of soil and vegetation variables influenced the partitioning of water loss between evaporation and transpiration. Our results emphasize the overwhelming importance of two environmental...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: E/AET,
Ecosystems,
Springer New York,
T/AET,
ecohydrology,
Actual evapotranspiration (AET) annual rates, from 2000 to 2017, for the Simplified Surface Energy Balance operational (SSEBop) method and from 2000 to 2016 for the land-cover based method, provided in shapefiles AET_SJR_Basin_Cells, are explained in the metadata file AET_SJR_Basins. The calculation of the annual average AET rates using a water-budget analysis (WBA) is explained in this metadata file referring to csv files for the eight basins in east-central and northeast Florida. A comparison of the average annual SSEBop AET rates and those derived from the WBA is then possible by using the average annual AET rates for each basin. The eight basins for which the WBA analysis was completed are: 1. St. Johns near...
The zipped folder (Monthly_water_budget_Roi-Namur_2000-12.zip) associated with this metadata file contains 156 polygon shapefiles. Collectively, the 156 shapefiles contain spatially distributed estimates of groundwater recharge and other water-budget components, in inches, for Roi-Namur, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, for each month and year during 2000–12. The name of each shapefile indicates the year and month of the water-budget components contained in the shapefile. The month-year estimates of recharge and other water-budget components summarized in each shapefile were summed from daily water-budget components that were computed using a water-budget model. The equations of the water-budget...
This dataset, created in support of USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5075, Estimates of Groundwater Discharge by Evapotranspiration, Stump Spring and Hiko Springs, Clark County, Nevada, 2016-18, represents the groundwater discharge area (GDA) for the Hiko Springs area. Vegetated areas within the GDA are composed of phreatophytic shrubs interspersed with xeric vegetation and bare soil. The GDA was delineated by visual interpretation of 1-meter National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery acquired in May of 2015. Areas of channel scour within the GDA resulting from a flood event in September 2015 were delineated from a 1.84 meter resolution 2016 Worldview 2 image.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Clark County,
ET,
Hiko Springs,
Nevada,
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere,
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