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The files consist of two types: tabulated data files and graphical map files. Data files consist of six .csv files, representing six experiment dates (2016_06_14, 2016_16_15, 2016_18_15, 2016_16_21, 2016_16_22, 2016_16_23). Each of these files contains multiple columns of data, with each column representing either a time measurement or the value of a physical quantity measured at that time (e.g., flow depth, pore pressure, normal stress, etc.). Map files consist of six .pdf files, each representing an experiment date listed above. The maps show the thickness of the sediment deposited onto the runout pad after each experiment. Sediment thickness was determined using photogrammetery software from Adam Technology.
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We installed an eddy covariance station on July 10, 2018 at Bison Flat, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, WY to monitor variations in hydrothermal gas and heat emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes and temperatures on a grid using the accumulation chamber method and thermocouple probes, respectively, on July 11-12, 2018 and soil CO2 fluxes only on June 25, 2019. On July 10, 2018 and June 24, 2019, we collected fumarole gas samples for analysis of bulk chemical and carbon (d13C-CO2)...
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected over 1,840 physical property measurements on selected plutons in the Great Basin, primarily in California and Nevada. Data include station identifier, geographic coordinates, rock type, density, magnetic susceptibility, remanent magnetization, declination, and inclination where available. Data are presented in ASCII format and include density and magnetic property data in pluton_data.csv, a data dictionary describing the data fields in data_dictionary.csv, and a rock data dictionary listing rock types in rock_dictionary.csv. Preliminary results and interpretation were described by Ponce and others (2010) and some samples are from Sikora and others (1991). References: Ponce,...
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The 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse generated intense cycles of seismicity tied to repeated large seismic (Mw ~5) collapse events associated with magma withdrawal from beneath the summit. To gain insight into the underlying dynamics and aid eruption response, we applied waveform-based earthquake detection and double-difference location as the eruption unfolded. Here, we augment these rapid results by grouping events based on patterns of correlation-derived phase polarities across the network. From April 29 to August 6, bracketing the eruption, we used ~2800 events cataloged by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to detect and precisely locate 44,000+ earthquakes. Resulting hypocentroids resolve complex,...
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I use template matching and precise relative relocation techniques to develop a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the initial portion of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, from July 4-16, encompassing the foreshock sequence and the first 10+ days of aftershocks following the Mw 7.1 mainshock. Using 13,525 routinely cataloged events as waveform templates, I detect and precisely locate a total of 34,091 events. Precisely located earthquakes reveal numerous cross-cutting fault structures with dominantly perpendicular SW- and NW-strikes. Foreshocks of the Mw 6.4 event appear to align on a NW-striking fault. Aftershocks of the Mw 6.4 event suggest that it further ruptured this NW-striking fault, as well as...
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During 2018, Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, had a large effusive eruption (~1 cubic kilometer of lava) on the lower East Rift Zone that caused widespread destruction (Neal and others, 2019; Dietterich and others, 2021). This lower flank eruption was accompanied by one of the largest collapses of the summit caldera in two hundred years, with portions of the caldera floor subsiding more than 500 m (Anderson and others, 2019; Neal and others, 2019). On July 25, 2019, approximately one year after the summit collapse sequence, a small pond of water was first observed in the deepest portion of the collapse pit, within Halemaʻumaʻu crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water level rose gradually over the...
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This release presents volcanic gas monitoring data from periodic surveys and temporary instrument deployments at Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Measurements of plume-gas and ambient air compositions were obtained using single-gas industrial hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors and with multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System; Aiuppa et al., 2005; Shinohara, 2005; Lewicki et al., 2017) instruments that measure water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and H2S abundances. Discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed in 2017 at East Lake hot springs and Paulina hot springs. In response to reports of anomalous degassing in the summer of 2020 more extensive discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed around Newberry...
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This dataset consists of 122 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings collected in 2016 in the northern Harrat Rahat, located near the holy city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah in Saudi Arabia. These data were collected as part of a joint project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Saudi Geological Survey examining the volcanic hazard associated with the harrat. Imaging the 3-D electrical resistivity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the harrat will help in understanding the magmatic system at depth.
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This data release provides access to a low-altitude aeromagnetic survey flown over a part of the Cascade Range of the US Pacific Northwest, approximately centered over the town of Cascade Locks, Oregon. The Cascade Locks magnetic survey encompasses two large stratovolcanoes of the Cascade Range: Mt. Hood (3426 m) in Oregon and Mt. Adams (3742 m) in Washington. Data were acquired between October 17, 2021, and February 26, 2022, by KBM Resources Group, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, working under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey. The survey is underlain by a diverse magnetic terrane, including Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group and Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic and intrusive rocks of the...
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The 1983-2018 Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, consisted of many different episodes and several phases of lava flows threatening residential areas (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). One of these crises occurred in 2014-2015, when lava erupting from Puʻuʻōʻō advanced north of the rift zone, towards the town of Pāhoa (Poland and others 2016; Brantley and others 2019). This slow-moving crisis unfolded over approximately four months, as pāhoehoe lava gradually flowed towards the town. In the end, the lava flow fortunately stalled at the edge of the residential area, destroying only one home. During the crisis, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano...
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This dataset is intended to provide seamless, integrated geologic mapping of the U.S. Intermountain West region as a contribution to The National Geologic Map supported by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Surficial and bedrock geology are included in this data release as independent datasets at a variable resolution from 1:50,000 to 1:250,000 scale. No original interpretations are presented in this dataset; rather, all interpretive data are assimilated from referenceable publications. Derivative polygon features created for this dataset demonstrate the distribution of SIGMa-GeMS Geologic Provinces derived from the distribution of map units. Initial contributions to...
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and accompanying summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, comprised one of the most impactful events on the volcano in the past 200 years, with hundreds of homes destroyed and major changes in the topography of the summit caldera. The opening stages of this eruptive sequence started on 30 April, when a magmatic dike began moving east from Puʻuʻōʻō, a cone with a central crater that was the vent region for Kīlauea’s 35-year middle East Rift Zone eruption starting in 1983. The rapid migration of magma from beneath Puʻuʻōʻō caused its crater floor to drop over 300 m. This data release includes a three-dimensional model of Puʻuʻōʻō and the collapse crater, constructed...
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This data release contains results of model simulations of a plume at Kilauea volcano that occurred on 20 December 2020. The ash-poor plume was produced when lava flowed into a water lake at the summit of Kilauea volcano. Simulations were conducted to constrain the conditions under which the plume rose to its observed height. The analysis and results are described in the accompanying paper: Cahalan RC, Mastin L, Van Eaton A, Hurwitz S, Smith AB, Dufek J, Solovitz SA, Patrick M, Schmith J, Parcheta C, Thelen W, Downs DT (2023 (in press)) Dynamics of the December 2020 ash-poor plume formed by lava-water interaction at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
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The 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse generated intense cycles of seismicity tied to repeated large seismic (Mw ~5) collapse events associated with magma withdrawal from beneath the summit. To gain insight into the underlying dynamics and aid eruption response, we applied waveform-based earthquake detection and double-difference location as the eruption unfolded. Here, we augment these rapid results by grouping events based on patterns of correlation-derived phase polarities across the network. From April 29 to August 6, bracketing the eruption, we used ~2800 events cataloged by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to detect and precisely locate 44,000+ earthquakes. Resulting hypocentroids resolve complex,...
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The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand, is the most productive area of explosive silicic volcanism in the world. Faulted early and middle Pleistocene volcanic products are generally concealed beneath voluminous, generally unfaulted, younger volcanic products. An exception is the southeast margin of the TVZ where the two parallel, northeast-trending Paeroa and Te Weta Fault blocks expose Quaternary volcanic products consisting predominantly of caldera-related, rhyolitic ignimbrites and lacustrine sediments. The Taupo-Reporoa Basin is situated along the eastern part of the map area, and its northernmost part underwent collapse to form Reporoa Caldera. The Paeroa Fault block is the largest exposed fault block within...
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Aerial photography surveys during and after the 2018 eruption of Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska were conducted to track the evolution of the lava flow field, active volcanic vent, and glacial ice loss from the eruption. Imagery from two surveys was processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods to derive the digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos in this data release. The datasets cover the active volcanic cone and intracaldera ice cap, which both show significant topographic and groundcover change between surveys, and relative to previous topographic reference data, due to the 2018 eruption and variable snow and ice cover. A syn-eruption survey on September 26, 2018 was conducted by the...
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Mineral compositions are reported for Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Matan volcanic center, northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia. Compositions were measured by wavelength-dispersive methods with the 5-spectrometer JEOL-8900 electron microprobe at the USGS facility in Menlo Park, California; background-corrected X-ray intensities were reduced to oxide weight concentrations with the JEOL proprietary version of the CITZAF reduction schema. These results are part of a collaborative study by the U.S. Geological Survey and Saudi Geological survey to assess the volcanic and seismic hazards associated with the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field.
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These processed data and provisional codes were created to investigate seismic velocity changes associated with the collapse of Kīlauea caldera during its 2018 eruption. Primary data (i.e., seismic waveforms) are hosted at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS; https://www.iris.edu/) and are ingested by the codes included here to reproduce the data analyzed in Hotovec-Ellis et al., 'Earthquake-derived seismic velocity changes during the 2018 caldera collapse of Kīlauea volcano.' The included code ('cwire' short for Coda Wave Interferometry with Repeating Earthquakes) takes a catalog of earthquakes clustered by waveform similarity (e.g., REDPy, https://github.com/ahotovec/REDPy/) and processes...
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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study on the magnetic record contained in subsurface basalts within coreholes at the Idaho National Laboratory. Standard 1 inch paleomagnetism core samples were collected from 11 coreholes. The samples were characterized for polarity and average paleomagnetic inclinations over the entire length of the drill core. However, paleomagnetic declination data were not obtained due to the original azimuth of the drill cores not being preserved during drilling. The samples were extracted from individual lava flows based on identification of flow tops and bottoms in the drill core. These samples were then transported to the USGS Paleomagnetic...
map background search result map search result map Sensor data from debris-flow experiments conducted in June, 2016, at the USGS debris-flow flume, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016 High resolution earthquake catalogs from the 2018 Kilauea eruption sequence Density and magnetic properties of selected plutons (granitoids) in the Great Basin, parts of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah Database for the geologic map of the Paeroa Fault block and surrounding area, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand Water-level data for the crater lake at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, 2019–2020 Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Crater geometry data for Puʻuʻōʻō, on Kīlauea Volcano’s East Rift Zone, in May 2018 Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon Digital elevation models and orthoimagery from the 2018 eruption of Veniaminof, Alaska Time series of seismic velocity changes during the 2018 collapse of Kīlauea volcano derived from coda wave interferometry of repeating earthquakes Electron microprobe data for plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and spinel in volcanic rocks from the Matan volcanic center located within the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Paleomagnetic inclination data collected from Coreholes EREF-GW-1, STF-PIE-AQ-02, TAN 2336, USGS 138, USGS 139, USGS 142, USGS 143, USGS 144, USGS 145, USGS 147, and USGS 148A, located at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey Over Cascade Locks, Oregon, and Surrounding Areas Seamless Integrated Geologic Map Database of the Intermountain West: Contributions to The National Geologic Map Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano Sensor data from debris-flow experiments conducted in June, 2016, at the USGS debris-flow flume, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Blue River, Oregon Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Digital elevation models and orthoimagery from the 2018 eruption of Veniaminof, Alaska Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano High resolution earthquake catalogs from the 2018 Kilauea eruption sequence Time series of seismic velocity changes during the 2018 collapse of Kīlauea volcano derived from coda wave interferometry of repeating earthquakes Water-level data for the crater lake at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, 2019–2020 Crater geometry data for Puʻuʻōʻō, on Kīlauea Volcano’s East Rift Zone, in May 2018 Database for the geologic map of the Paeroa Fault block and surrounding area, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Paleomagnetic inclination data collected from Coreholes EREF-GW-1, STF-PIE-AQ-02, TAN 2336, USGS 138, USGS 139, USGS 142, USGS 143, USGS 144, USGS 145, USGS 147, and USGS 148A, located at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey Over Cascade Locks, Oregon, and Surrounding Areas Magnetotelluric data from northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, 2016 Plumeria Simulations of 20 December 2020 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Plume Seamless Integrated Geologic Map Database of the Intermountain West: Contributions to The National Geologic Map Density and magnetic properties of selected plutons (granitoids) in the Great Basin, parts of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah