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In 2018, a large effusive eruption on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano was associated with collapse and subsidence of the summit caldera floor (Neal and others, 2019). The bottom of Halemaʻumaʻu, a crater nested within the summit caldera, subsided by more than 500 m. In July 2019, water was observed ponding on the deepest part of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor and the water rose and enlarged in area steadily over the next 16 months (Ingebritsen and others, 2020; Nadeau and others, 2020; Patrick and others, 2021). During the course of the rise, the lake surface appearance was highly dynamic and segmented, showing regions of variable color that changed from day to day (Nadeau and others, 2020). In June 2020 staff...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Halemaʻumaʻu,
Hydrology,
Kīlauea Crater,
Remote Sensing,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Lava flow hazards are usually thought to end when the erupting vent becomes inactive, but this is not always the case. At Kīlauea in August 2014, a spiny ʻaʻā flow erupted from the levee of a crusted perched lava lake that had been inactive for a month, and the surface of the lava lake subsided as the flow advanced downslope over the following few days. Topography constructed from oblique aerial photographs using structure-from-motion (SfM) software shows that the volume of the flow (~68,000 m3) closely matches the volume of subsidence of the crusted lava lake (~64,000 m3). The similarity of these volumes, along with the textural characteristics of the lava, shows that the lava that fed the flow had been stored...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Basalt,
East Rift Zone,
Hawaii,
Kīlauea,
Lava flow,
This dataset represents a variety of scientific measurements of basalt rock outcrops in central Oregon, United States. It consists of field observations, geochemical measurements, paleomagnetic directional measurements, magnetic susceptibility, and geochronology data (Ar-Ar methodology). This dataset was collected from 2014-2022 by the authors.
Kīlauea, on the Island of Hawai`i is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and it hosts one of the densest volcano monitoring networks. A deep well on the southwest rim of Kilauea’s caldera, often referred to informally as the “NSF Well” or the “Keller Well” was drilled in 1973 to a depth of 1,262 meters from an elevation of 1,103 meters. The ultimate goal of the drilling project was to “test predictions made from surface-based geophysical surveys and seek evidence of a hydrothermal system over a known magma body” (Zablocki et al., 1974; Keller et al., 1979). Following drilling the open hole filled up with drilling mud and in October 1998 the hole was cleared of the mud using a large pump to a depth of about...
The radiogenic isotope ratios of strontium (Sr) and uranium (U), specifically 87Sr/86Sr and 234U/238U, are useful tracers of water-rock interactions. Sr isotopic compositions in groundwater are mostly controlled by dissolution or exchange with Sr contained in aquifer rocks whereas the U isotopic compositions are more controlled by chemical and kinetic processes during groundwater flow. Insights into groundwater circulation patterns through the shallow subsurface at Yellowstone National Park can be aided by investigations of these isotopes. This data release contains tables with new isotope data consisting of concentrations (Sr, U) and radiogenic-isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) for water samples from...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Hydrology,
Hydrothermal,
Isotope Geochemistry,
Park County,
Teton County,
This release presents provisional volcanic gas monitoring data from multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System) station "YELL_MUD", installed in July 2021 in the Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park, USA. The multi-GAS station includes gas sensors to measure water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in gas plumes, as well as meteorologic parameters (wind speed and direction, ambient temperature and relative humidity, ambient pressure), and the temperature of a nearby geothermal feature. The station is duty cycled to conserve power and collects data for 30 minutes every 6 hours beginning at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 UTC. Before each measurement cycle the...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Geochemistry,
Geochemistry,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
Volcanology,
The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens produced a 2.5-cubic kilometer debris avalanche that dammed South Fork Castle Creek, causing Castle Lake to form behind a 20-meter-tall blockage. Risk of a catastrophic breach of the newly impounded lake drove aggressive monitoring programs, mapping efforts, and blockage stability studies. Despite relatively large uncertainty, early mapping efforts adequately supported several lake breakout models, but have limited applicability to current lake monitoring and hazard assessment. Here, we present the results of a bathymetric survey conducted in August 2012 with the purpose of (1) verifying previous volume estimates, (2) computing an area/capacity table, and (3) producing...
Summary: Siliceous sinter samples were collected from multiple geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in 2018. These silica sinter samples were collected and analyzed as a part of a multi-year research investigation into the age and geochemistry of hydrothermal features in the Upper Geyser Basin. Samples were collected along the stratigraphy of each feature. From these samples, we report 10Be, U-series, and 14C ages. Samples collected from Giant and Castle Geyser were further analyzed for their mineralogy, major and trace element concentrations, water content, and rare earth elements. This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-2018-SCI-8030 and YELL-2018-SCI-5910....
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service,
Shapefile;
Tags: Geochemistry,
Mineral Resources,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Upper Geyser Basin,
Volcanology,
Mount Chiginagak is a hydrothermally active volcano on the Alaska Peninsula, approximately 170 km south-southwest of King Salmon, Alaska. This small stratovolcano, approximately 8 km in diameter, has erupted through Tertiary to Permian sedimentary and igneous rocks. The eruptive products of Chiginagak volcano record a history of chiefly andesite lava flows and associated block-and-ash flows. The oldest lavas exposed are Pleistocene in age and are found everywhere around the edifice except in the northeast sector, where Holocene lava flows dominate the landscape. Holocene activity has covered the northeast flank with rubbly-topped andesite lava flows that extend as far as 4.6 km from their source vent at the summit...
This report evaluates the volcano-related hazards, including regional mafic lava flows, silicic lava domes, pyroclastic flows, lahars, and volcanic ash, of the Lassen region, California, which is here defined as an area between the Pit River on the north and the southern limit of active Cascade volcanism, approximately 5–10 km south of the southern boundary of Lassen Volcanic National Park. Most active volcanism occurs in a zone about 40 km wide between Viola on the west and the eastern boundary of Caribou Wilderness Area, but sparser volcanism in the west extends the width of this zone to about 75 km. All vents and deposits known or estimated to be less than 100,000 years are identified and considered in establishing...
Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during June 2012 along 556 line-kilometers over Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. These data were collected in support of alteration and volcano flank instability mapping as part of the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Data were acquired by SkyTEM Survey ApS SkyTEM304 system with the Soloy Helicopters Eurocopter Astar 350 B3 and Bell 407 dual-moment, time-domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic system together with a Geometrics G822A cesium vapor magnetometer with Kroum KMAG4 counter. The survey was flown at a nominal flight height of 30 m above terrain along block-style lines with a nominal spacing of 250 m. The survey was designed to cover the summit and...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Alaska,
GGGSC,
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center,
Iliamna Volcano,
Kenai Peninsula,
On 25 July 2016, helicopter-based measurements were made of the volcanic gases emitted from Mount Cleveland, Alaska, USA. An upward-looking differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system was used to measure incident scattered solar ultraviolet radiation while traversing beneath the plume on multiple occasions. These data were used to derive volcanic SO2 emission rates. Additionally, a Multicomponent Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) was used to make measurements of trace gas concentrations while on a dedicated measurement flight passing through the volcanic plume. Radiance spectra and gas compositions were both recorded at 1 second time resolution. Each spectrum and gas measurement was stamped with the...
This USGS data release includes data related to the Science magazine manuscript “Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano” by Patrick et al. The data release includes 1) original video as well as thermal, and timelapse images of lava in the proximal Fissure 8 channel, 2) derived estimates of lava level in the channel and bulk effusion rates (not corrected for vesicles), 3) infrasound data, and 4) other miscellaneous supporting data. The manuscript abstract is as follows: “Lava flows present a recurring threat to communities on active volcanoes, and volumetric eruption rate is one of the primary factors controlling flow behavior and hazard. The timescales and driving forces of eruption rate...
This release includes data collected during campaign GPS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2021. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2021. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated metadata information. We also include a few days of data at the end of 2020 at 3 longer-term campaign sites at Kīlauea’s summit. These sites (109Y, NDDB, OVRL) were deployed in late December 2020 in response to the December 20, 2020, Kīlauea summit eruption. The authors thank USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff, volunteers, and collaborators...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Field inventory and monitoring,
Geodesy,
Geophysics,
Geophysics,
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park,
This data release contains digital video files from the USGS of Mount St. Helens volcano in the months leading up to the cataclysmic eruption on May 18, 1980 as well as the first two years of the eruption. Original videos were collected on an assortment of cameras and film types, including 16 mm, 8 mm and Super 8 mm during USGS field campaigns on the ground as well as from the air and on time-lapse camera stations setup around the volcano. Videos capture USGS crews collecting data as well as an assortment of volcanic processes, including dome growth, ash emissions, rockslides, and pyroclastic flows. These film records represent a tremendous resource to the volcanology community as they represent visual recordings...
Zircon grains separated from altered ash beds were analyzed to better understand the ages of the beds. Isotopic analyses for U-Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry were performed simultaneously by secondary ion mass spectrometry using the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe housed at Stanford University, USA. Analyses followed the analytical protocol and data acquisition conditions described by Watts et al. (2016). These data are reported in this release.
Categories: Data;
Tags: San Bernardino County,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
radiometric dating
The dataset includes whole-rock geochemistry and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology for Pleistocene to Oligocene volcanic and intrusive rocks. These data support figures and tables in days 2 and 3 of the Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains-Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico (Thompson and others, 2022). Additional 40Ar-39Ar geochronology data are included for age reported in the Geologic map of Ute Mountain quadrangle (Thompson and others, 2014b) and the Geologic map of Sunshine quadrangle (Thompson and others, 2014a). Other samples not associated with any of these referenced publications are...
The lateral blast, debris avalanche, and lahars of the May 18th, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, dramatically altered the surrounding landscape. The eruption produced mudflows in the South Fork Toutle River basin, which drains the western slopes of the volcano. Orthophotography was acquired shortly after the eruption (June 19 and July 1). Survey extent includes South Fork Toutle River, from its headwaters at Talas and Toutle Glaciers to its mouth at the confluence with North Fork Toutle River near Toutle, Washington. In 2004, Photo Sciences, Inc., under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), used softcopy photogrammetry techniques to produce a contour map, breaklines, and masspoints. A USGS...
The data include video record segments for a period of ~3.5 hours beginning 2016/05/03 at approximately the beginning of the universal time day. Each video record documents 10 active source explosions from three video cameras (30 total video segments). The data are part of an assessment of directed blast dynamics on a surrounding acoustic sensor array. The acoustic data is part of an independent data set which is archived in the IRIS FDSN (International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks). Together the data support an exploratory assessment of energy dynamics similar to those observed for small scale wet eruptions from phreatic and phreato-magmatic systems (Jolly et al, submitted).
This geodatabase contains all the geologic map information for the Geologic Map of the San Juan caldera cluster, southwestern Colorado and is part of U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Map Series I-2799. The San Juan Mountains are the largest erosional remnant of a composite volcanic field that covered much of the southern Rocky Mountains in middle Tertiary time. The San Juan field consists mainly of intermediate-composition lavas and breccias, erupted about 35-30 Ma from scattered central volcanoes (Conejos Formation) and overlain by voluminous ash-flow sheets erupted from caldera sources. In the central San Juan Mountains, eruption of at least 8,800 km3 of dacitic-rhyolitic magma as nine major ash...
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Andesite,
Ash-flow tuff,
Basalt,
Central San Juan Caldera Cluster,
Central San Juan Mountains,
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