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Source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for use in chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment are reported for soil dust from unpaved roads and desert lands. The objectives were to add to the library of source composition profiles available for CMB studies, and to provide data on the variation in wind-blown dust composition between particle sizes and geographical locations. Samples were resuspended and sampled through PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 inlets onto filters, then chemically analyzed for 40 elements, seven ions and eight carbon fractions. Air quality management would benefit from technology that can distinguish soil dust from sites in different geographical locations and sites with different...
Source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for use in chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment are reported for soil dust from unpaved roads and desert lands. The objectives were to add to the library of source composition profiles available for CMB studies, and to provide data on the variation in wind-blown dust composition between particle sizes and geographical locations. Samples were resuspended and sampled through PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 inlets onto filters, then chemically analyzed for 40 elements, seven ions and eight carbon fractions. Air quality management would benefit from technology that can distinguish soil dust from sites in different geographical locations and sites with different...
Mercury (Hg) was measured in stream water and precipitation in the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, during 2001–2002 to investigate processes controlling Hg transport in high-elevation ecosystems. Total Hg concentrations in precipitation ranged from 2.6 to 36.2 ng/L and showed a strong seasonal pattern with concentrations that were 3 to 4 times higher during summer months. Annual bulk deposition of Hg was 8.3 to 12.4 μ g/m2 and was similar to deposition rates in the Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. Total Hg concentrations in streams ranged from 0.8 to 13.5 ng/L and were highest in mid-May on the rising limb of the snowmelt hydrograph. Stream-water Hg was positively correlated...
The benthic invertebrates of the Dolores River in southwest Colorado were sampled during three seasons in an area of historic mine drainage. Benthic density exhibited significantly lower values below the mine drainage. However, the number of species did not decrease significantly, indicating that the effect of the mine drainage was primarily non-selective (i.e. favoring no one taxon). This pattern was seasonal with the least effects evident in summer and the greatest effects found in spring. Diversity indices used to assess the effects of this stress on the invertebrate community were MargalePs, Simpson's, Shannon-Weaver's, Brillouin's, and the Biotic Condition Index. None of the indices tested adequately responded...
The Modular Modeling System (MMS) is an integrated system of computer software that is being developed to provide the research and operational framework needed to support development, testing, and evaluation of physical-process algorithms, and to facilitate integration of user-selected sets of algorithms into operational physical-process models. MMS uses a module library that contains compatible modules for simulating a variety of water, energy, and biogeochemical processes. A model is created by selectively linking modules from the library using MMS model-building tools. A geographic information system (GIS) interface also is being developed for MMS to support a variety of GIS tools for use in characterizing and...
Manganese (Mn) contamination of drinking water may cause aesthetic and human health problems when concentrations exceed 50 and 500 ?g l?1, respectively. In the UK, the majority of Mn-related drinking water supply failures originate from unpolluted upland catchments. The source of Mn is therefore soil, but the exact mechanisms by which it is mobilised into surface waters remain unknown. Elevated Mn concentrations in surface waters have been associated with the rewetting of dried upland soils and with conifer afforestation. We investigated these hypotheses in a laboratory experiment involving the drying and rewetting of intact soil cores (1,900 cm3 volume) of horizons of four representative soil type-land use combinations...
Investigations of vegetation stress along non-paved roads treated with a range of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) application rates utilized 60 roadside and 79 drainage plots on 15 and 18 roads, respectively. Evaluations were completed of foliar damage, plant health, biotic and abiotic damage incidence and severity, soil and foliar chemistry and other common site and stand characteristics of Pinus contorta, Populus tremuloides, Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, and lower elevation plots dominated by shrubs and grasses. High concentrations of soil magnesium and chloride (400?500 ppm), high foliar chloride (2,000?16,000 ppm depending on species) and high incidence of foliar damage were measured in roadside plots along...