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Avian Botulism in Distressed Great Lakes Environments Description of Work A Department of Interior team, including U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Park Service (NPS), is working to determine why botulism outbreaks, which have killed large numbers of fish and fish-eating birds, are occurring in the Great Lakes. This project will determine: 1) a quick assay test for the presence of the toxin , 2) how birds are exposed to the toxins, and 3) what factors combined trigger an outbreak. This information will be used to formulate management strategies. Botulism intoxication is caused by ingestion of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Periodic outbreaks of type E botulism have resulted in die-offs of fish... Categories: Project; Tags: GLRI, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, Habitat & Wildlife, Template 73, All tags... botulism, highlight, loon, nearshore, Fewer tags