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We conducted a case studies testing effectiveness of a soil borne bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7, in controlling Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and in affecting the density of sown desirable seedlings. Response variables (foliar cover, aboveground biomass, and density of B. tectorum; density of sown native plants) were measured for three years after treatment.
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Changes in precipitation patterns and inputs have the potential to cause major changes in productivity, composition, and diversity of terrestrial plant communities. Vegetation response to altered timing of precipitation was assessed during a 7-year experiment in an Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis community in the northern Great Basin, USA. Four permanent rainout shelters excluded natural rainfall, with seasonal distribution of precipitation controlled with the use of an overhead sprinkler system. Precipitation treatments under each shelter were WINTER, SPRING, and CURRENT. The WINTER treatment received 80% of its water between October and March; in the SPRING treatment 80% of total water was applied between...
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a dominant weed that has increased the frequency of wildfire in the Great Basin since its introduction about 100 yr ago. This study examines characteristics of respiratory metabolism in several different populations. Seeds from 6 populations were germinated and metabolic heat rates (q) and dark respiration rates (Rco2) of all seedlings were measured calorimetrically at 15° and 25° C or (for 3 populations) at 5° intervals from 5° to 35° C. Growth rates, substrate carbon conversion efficiencies, and Arrhenius temperature coefficients were calculated from the data. Results show that cheatgrass metabolism is most efficient at temperatures near 0° C; at temperatures above 20-25°...
Question: Predicting the future abundance and distribution of invasive plants requires knowing how they respond to environmental conditions. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems where water is a limiting resource, environmental conditions and disturbance patterns influence invasions by altering acquisition and utilization of water over space and time. We ask: 1. How do variations in climatic and soil properties influence temporal soil water dynamics? 2. How does this variation affect the establishment of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a cool-season annual grass that has successfully colonized much of the U.S. Great Basin? Location: Short-grass Steppe in northeastern Colorado, USA; Arid Lands Ecology reserve in southeastern...
The positive effect of disturbance on plant community invasibility is one of the more consistent results in invasion ecology. It is generally attributed to a coincident increase in available resources (due to the disturbance) that allows non-resident plant species to establish (Davis MA, Grime JP Thompson K, J Ecol 88:528?534, 2000). However, most research addressing this issue has been in artificial or highly modified plant communities. Our goal in this study was to investigate the interactive effects of resource availability and plant mortality disturbance on the invasion of natural plant communities. We conducted a series of experiments that examined the response of Bromus tectorum L., a highly invasive annual...
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The project was conducted to study the effects of land management options. It was conducted across a regional network of sites in sagebrush communities. Using this regional network of sites allowed us to understand the thresholds between healthy and unhealthy sagebrush communities over a broad range of conditions across the Great Basin. Sites were located in sagebrush communities threatened by cheatgrass invasion, and we studied the effects of four land management options: control (no management action), prescribed fire, mechanical thinning of sagebrush by mowing, and herbicide application (to thin old, unproductive sagebrush plants and encourage growth of young sagebrush and native understory grasses). An additional...
This dataset provides a near-real-time estimate of 2017 herbaceous annual cover with an emphasis on annual grass (Boyte and Wylie. 2016. Near-real-time cheatrass percent cover in the Northern Great Basin, USA, 2015. Rangelands 38:278-284.) This estimate was based on remotely sensed enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data gathered through June 19, 2017. This is the second iteration of an early estimate of herbaceous annual cover for 2017 over the same geographic area. The previous dataset used eMODIS NDVI data gathered through May 1 (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7445JZ9). The pixel values for this most recent estimate ranged from 0 to100% with...
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More than 23,000 field measurements of cheatgrass cover were acquired from various agencies and research groups across the study area and reviewed for use in the mapping effort. A subset of 6650 field measurements were used to statistically evaluate relationships between cheatgrass and a suite of 50 biophysical and remotely sensed (NDVI) variables. Variables were examined for pairwise correlation and highly correlated variables were discarded from the analysis. Eighteen of the 50 variables were selected to construct a Generalized Linear Model to classify cheatgrass occurrence. A decision rule based on strength of class membership was used to classify the study area as containing either 0-2% or >2% cheatgrass cover....
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized...
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FY2015This project assesses the efficacy of ACK55, a naturally occurring bacterium that decreases invasive annual grasses by up to 70% on test sites. Working with the USDA, USFWS and the Great Basin Institute, researchers plan to treat ten, 1-acre plots on private lands within sage-grouse Biologically Significant Areas to determine the efficacy of ACK55 in warm and dry soils.
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FY2014This project proposes to test the hypothesis that soil fungistasis (suppression of fungal pathogens by soil microbes in carbohydrate-limited soil) and its alleviation through natural carbohydrate augmentation (e.g., cheatgrass litter, leakage from cheatgrass roots) are the principal processes mediating patterns of cheatgrass die-off and recovery in die-off-prone areas.The project team will use laboratory, greenhouse, and field manipulative experiments to examine the effect of soil carbohydrates on cheatgrass disease incidence.
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Post-fire rehabilitation seeding in the U.S. Intermountain West, primarily conducted by the Bureau of Land Management, is designed to reduce the risk of erosion and weed invasion while increasing desirable plant cover. Seeding effectiveness is typically monitored for three years following treatment, after which a closeout report is prepared. We evaluated 220 third-year closeout reports describing 214 aerial and 113 drill seedings implemented after wildfires from 2001 through 2006. Each treatment was assigned a qualitative success rating of good, fair, poor, or failure based on information in the reports. Seeding success varied by both treatment (aerial or drill) and year. Aerial seedings were rated 13.6% good, 18.3%...
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This dataset provides a near-real-time estimate of 2017 herbaceous annual cover with an emphasis on annual grass (Boyte and Wylie. 2016. Near-real-time cheatrass percent cover in the Northern Great Basin, USA, 2015. Rangelands 38:278-284.) This estimate was based on remotely sensed enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data gathered through June 19, 2017. This is the second iteration of an early estimate of herbaceous annual cover for 2017 over the same geographic area. The previous dataset used eMODIS NDVI data gathered through May 1 (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7445JZ9). The pixel values for this most recent estimate ranged from 0 to100% with...
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The dataset provides an estimate of 2017 herbaceous annual percent cover predicted on May 1st with an emphasis on annual grasses. The pixel values range from 0 to100 with an overall mean value of 7.1 and a standard deviation of +/-10.5. The model's test mean error rate (n = 1670), based on nine different randomizations, equals 4.9% with a standard deviation of +/- 0.15. This dataset was generated by integrating ground-truth measurements of annual herbaceous percent cover with 250-m spatial resolution eMODIS NDVI satellite derived data and geophysical variables into regression-tree software. The geographic coverage includes the Great Basin, the Snake River Plain, the state of Wyoming, and contiguous areas. We applied...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2022 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a bi-weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed within one week of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each bi-weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2022 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a bi-weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed within one week of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each bi-weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat...
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The “PercentCover” contains every year’s cheatgrass percent cover maps, a map of mean values, a standard deviation map, and a coefficient of variation map. 14 maps total.
These data were compiled for the study: Divergent climate change effects on widespread dryland plant communities driven by climatic and ecohydrological gradients. The objectives of our study were to (1) describe how climate change will alter the biomass and composition of key plant functional types; (2) quantify the impacts of climate change on future functional type biomass and composition along climatic gradients; (3) identify if and which geographic locations will be relatively unaffected by climate change while others experience large effects; and (4) determine if there is consistency in climate change impacts on plant communities among a representative set of climate scenarios. These data represent geographic...
Tags: 30-arcsecond spatial resolution, Arizona, Botany, C3 perennial grasses, C4 perennial grasses, All tags...
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Among threats to the sagebrush ecosystem in the Great Basin and elsewhere (BLM 1999, 2002; Nachlinger et al. 2001; Wisdom et al. 2003) is the threat of displacement of native habitats by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Mapping these threats in the sagebrush ecosystem will allow managers to identify areas of native vegetation at high risk of displacement, where active restoration may be required, versus areas at low risk, where conservation of existing habitats may be preferable. A draft model of risk of displacement of sagebrush and other native vegetation cover types by cheatgrass was applied to the 14 ecological provinces that intersect the Great Basin. The model was applied to sagebrush cover and other vegetation...
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Improving the quality of habitat for western big-game species, such as elk and mule deer, was identified as a priority by the Department of the Interior in 2018. Maintaining healthy herds not only supports the ecosystems where these species are found, but also the hunting and wildlife watching communities. For example, in Wyoming, big game hunting contributed over $300 million to the state’s economy in 2015. Yet as climate conditions change, the quantity, quality, and timing of vegetation available to mule deer, elk, and other ungulates, known as forage, could shift. It’s possible that these changes could have cascading impacts on the behavior and population sizes of many species. A key strategy used by managers...
map background search result map search result map The effects of precipitation timing on sagebrush steppe vegetation Risk of Cheatgrass Displacement of Sagebrush and other Native Vegetation Cheatgrass Across the Range of the Greater Sage-Grouse Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2017) Cheatgrass Stand Failure in the Great Basin: Fungal Pathogens, Carbon Dynamics, and Fungistasis Near-real-time Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (June 19, 2017) Predicting Future Forage Conditions for Elk and Mule Deer in Montana and Wyoming Assessment of ACK55 as a Biocontrol of Invasive Annual Grasses in Nevada Weed-suppressive bacteria data set collected on Mid-Columbia National Wildlife Refuge Pre- and Post-Treatment Fuels and Vegetation Data from the Great Basin, 2006-2018 (ver. 2.0, September 2020) High-resolution maps of projected big sagebrush plant community biomass for 52 future climate scenarios using multivariate matching algorithms Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 6.0, July 2022) 1. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022, May 6th, 2022 (revised on May 17th, 2022) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 3.0, May 2023) Assessment of ACK55 as a Biocontrol of Invasive Annual Grasses in Nevada Weed-suppressive bacteria data set collected on Mid-Columbia National Wildlife Refuge Cheatgrass Stand Failure in the Great Basin: Fungal Pathogens, Carbon Dynamics, and Fungistasis The effects of precipitation timing on sagebrush steppe vegetation Predicting Future Forage Conditions for Elk and Mule Deer in Montana and Wyoming Pre- and Post-Treatment Fuels and Vegetation Data from the Great Basin, 2006-2018 (ver. 2.0, September 2020) Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2017) Near-real-time Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (June 19, 2017) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022 (ver 6.0, July 2022) Cheatgrass Across the Range of the Greater Sage-Grouse Risk of Cheatgrass Displacement of Sagebrush and other Native Vegetation High-resolution maps of projected big sagebrush plant community biomass for 52 future climate scenarios using multivariate matching algorithms 1. Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2022, May 6th, 2022 (revised on May 17th, 2022) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2023 (ver. 3.0, May 2023)