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Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can produce dangerous flash floods and debris flows. The USGS conducts post-fire debris-flow hazard assessments for select fires in the Western U.S. We use geospatial data related to basin morphometry, burn severity, soil properties, and rainfall characteristics to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows that may occur in response to a design storm.
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A physiographically prominent, approximately 40 square km plateau lies roughly 20 km east of Mount Spurr volcano, northwestern Cook Inlet region, Alaska, and comprises the preserved remnant of a volcaniclastic succession, designated in this study as map unit Qvc. Although this readily mappable package of volcaniclastic rocks has been recognized in numerous studies during the past five decades, uncertainties regarding its age and origin have persisted. We describe the general characteristics of the volcaniclastic plateau, provide new age constraints for deposits, present lithofacies descriptions and interpretations of the volcaniclastic strata, and synthesize our observations and lithofacies analysis to propose an...
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Surficial geologic map the Newman Peak Quadrangle of the Picacho Basin. The Picacho basin is a large and complex graben surrounded by horsts and half-horsts, which are now the Picacho, Casa Grande, Silverbell, and Sacaton mountains. It formed mainly in response to late Miocene extension. Internal drainage probably persisted until about 3 million years ago. Several thousand meters of sediments fill the basin; 2000 m of evaporites and claystone form the bulk of the basin fill (Scarborough and Pierce, 1978). The upper 200 meters or so of basin fill was deposited by a gradually aggrading, regionally integrated drainage system. Young alluvium of the Santa Cruz River is up to 30 m thick and is found within 3.2 km of the...
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A laser rangefinder was used to record debris flows at Cascades volcanoes and an experimental debris flow flume. Mass movements such as large lahars and smaller seasonal debris flows can occur at volcanoes in the Cascades. A combination of seismic, infrasound, tripwires, and webcams can be used to detect and characterize these flows. A laser rangefinder can be placed on the banks of the drainages and pointed towards the channel as a low power, low bandwidth piece of equipment to confirm increases in flow past the station. This can serve as another piece of evidence for flows and may be able to be incoporated into future alarm systems to improve their accuracy and performance. A laser rangefinder was deployed for...
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A laser rangefinder was used to record debris flows at Cascades volcanoes and an experimental debris flow flume. Mass movements such as large lahars and smaller seasonal debris flows can occur at volcanoes in the Cascades. A combination of seismic, infrasound, tripwires, and webcams can be used to detect and characterize these flows. A laser rangefinder can be placed on the banks of the drainages and pointed towards the channel as a low power, low bandwidth piece of equipment to confirm increases in flow past the station. This can serve as another piece of evidence for flows and may be able to be incoporated into future alarm systems to improve their accuracy and performance. A laser rangefinder was deployed for...
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Chalk Cliffs, located 8 miles southwest of Buena Vista, Colorado, is one of the most active debris-flow areas in the state (U.S. Geological Survey). This "Child item" page includes videos of floods captured by one of the high-definition cameras at the monitoring site in Chalk Cliffs, CO. This camera (Firehose Camera) is located near the bottom of the channel. The attached figure "station_and_camera_locations.png" provides an overview figure with the location of the four cameras and three stations along the channel. Video recording for all cameras is triggered using a rainfall threshold (Michel et al., 2019). The complete videos for all the cameras are downloaded manually during site visits. More detailed information...
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Chalk Cliffs, located 8 miles southwest of Buena Vista, Colorado, is one of the most active debris-flow areas in the state (U.S. Geological Survey). This "Child item" page includes videos of debris flows captured by one of the high-definition cameras at the monitoring site in Chalk Cliffs, CO. This camera (Wide-angle camera) is located near Station 1 on the opposite side of the basin with a broad view of the channel. The attached figure "station_and_camera_locations.png" provides an overview figure with the location of the three cameras and three stations along the channel. Video recording for all cameras is triggered using a rainfall threshold, derived from rainfall measurements from a rain gauge (Michel et al.,...
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On February 14th, 2019, a strong atmospheric river storm (AR4 on the Atmospheric River scale of Ralph et al., 2019) struck California. The heavy rainfall caused landslides in both northern and southern California (Hatchett et al., 2020). This data release includes two subsets of mapped shallow landslide source locations in the vicinity of western Riverside County, California, where sufficient post-event imagery was available within Google Earth (image date: August 15, 2019). The data release includes: 1) .csv files containing the point locations of shallow hillslope landslides, 2) .zip files containing shapfiles (.shp) of the mapped study areas. Ralph, F., Rutz, J. J., Cordeira, J. M., Dettinger, M., Anderson,...
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Lidar data was collected on 24 and 25 May 2017 at the USGS debris-flow flume to monitor two gate-release debris flow experiments. A static prism of sediment was emplaced behind a gate at the top of the flume. Water was added via sprinklers to the surface and also via pipes to the subsurface, in order to saturate the sediment mass. The sediment mass moved down the flume as a debris flow when the gate was opened. Lidar data were collected from a Riegl VZ-400 terrestrial laser scanner to capture the mass failure. The laser scanner was modified, so that rather than scanning in a 360 degree motion, as it is designed, it only scanned a narrow swath (approximately 1 mm) along the full profile of the constructed sediment...
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This dataset shows the potential wood contribution to fish bearing streams for the Western Oregon Plan Revision (WOPR). The potential wood contribution is determnined for all streams over entire channel networks, including wood recruitment processes for channel-adjacent tree fall, mass wasting and channel migration. Model inputs are 10 meter Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and forest cover with detailed forest stand tables specifiying stem density,size and mortality rates for each size class in each stand type.BLM (Bureau of Land Management) WOPR (Western Oregon Plan Revision) PRMP (Proposed Resource Managment Plan) Channel locations and geomorphic attributes extraced using algorithms described in Clarke, S. E.,...
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Chalk Cliffs, located 8 miles southwest of Buena Vista, Colorado, is one of the most active debris-flow areas in the state (U.S. Geological Survey). Three stations were set up at Chalk Cliffs which are located sequentially along a channel draining the 0.3 km2 study area. These stations are equipped with rain gauges, laser distance meters, and data loggers to record rainfall and stage data (Kean, et al., 2020). This data release includes videos of debris-flows and floods captured by high-definition cameras placed at two different locations, associated with the monitoring stations, along the study area at Chalk Cliffs during 2015. Both cameras are located near the Upper Station (Station 1). One is located at the bridge...
Holocene debris flows do not occur uniformly on the Colorado Plateau province of North America. Debris flows occur in specific areas of the plateau, resulting in general from the combination of steep topography, intense convective precipitation, abundant poorly sorted material not stabilized by vegetation, and the exposure of certain fine-grained bedrock units in cliffs or in colluvium beneath those cliffs. In Grand and Cataract Canyons, fine-grained bedrock that produces debris flows contains primarily single-layer clays—notably illite and kaolinite—and has low multilayer clay content. This clay-mineral suite also occurs in the colluvium that produces debris flows as well as in debris-flow deposits, although unconsolidated...
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The data presented in this data release represent observations of postfire debris flows that have been collected from publicly available datasets. Data originate from 13 different countries: the United States, Australia, China, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Austria, Switzerland, Canada, South Korea, and Japan. The data are located in the file called “PFDF_database_sortedbyReference.txt” and a description of each column header can be found in both the file “column_headers.txt” and the metadata file (“Post-fire Debris-Flow Database (Literature Derived).xml”). The observations are derived from areas that have been burned by wildfire and are global in nature. However, this dataset is synthesized...
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The data support a study that surveyed the spatial distribution of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Cottus aleuticus eDNA in coastal streams of Big Sur, California, 2021-2022 following post-fire debris flows. The metadata represent qPCR quantification cycle (Cq) values for O. mykiss and C. aleuticus assays performed on water samples collected during June and July of 2021 and 2022 from the following streams: Big Creek, Mill Creek, Prewitt Creek, and Willow Creek. The metadata also includes the distance (meters) of each eDNA sample site from the stream mouth, volume of water (Liters) collected for eDNA analysis at each site, and the Y-intercept, slope, and R-squared value for each assay run.
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This data release includes time-series data from a monitoring site located in a small drainage basin in the Arroyo Seco watershed in Los Angeles County, CA, USA (N3788964 E389956, UTM Zone 11, NAD83). The site was established after the 2009 Station Fire and recorded a series debris flows in the first winter after the fire. The data include three types of time-series: (1) 1-minute time series of rainfall, soil water content, channel bed pore pressure and temperature, and flow stage recorded by radar and laser distance meters (ArroyoSecoContinuous.csv); (2) 10-Hz time series of flow stage recorded by the laser distance meter during rain storms (ArroyoSecoStormLaser.csv), and (3) 2-second time series of rainfall and...
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The State of Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) produced an orthorectified aerial optical image mosaic (orthoimage) and digital surface model over an area extending from milepost (MP) 17 to approximately MP 24.5 on the Alaska State Highway 7 (Haines Highway) north of Haines along the Chilkat River in southeast Alaska. The aerial photogrammetric survey targeted large debris fans and their alpine source areas on the west side of the Takshanuk Mountains in support of cryosphere hazards mapping and monitoring efforts. Aerial photographs and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were collected on May 26, 2014, and were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques...
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From late December 2022 to January 2023, a series of atmospheric river storms produced widespread landsliding in the San Francisco Bay area of California. USGS scientists performed reconnaissance field work to document the extent of landsliding in the region and compiled reports of landslides from media and California Highway Patrol (CHP) reports. This data release documents locations of road cut and shallow hillslope landslides triggered between December 31, 2022 and January 18, 2023. This inventory is not intended to be a complete inventory, but a reporting of observations made with limited time and resources. The point locations include descriptions and associated attributes, described in the metadata. Media...
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This data release includes 2014 time-series data from three debris-flow monitoring stations at Chalk Cliffs in Chaffee County, Colorado, USA. The data were collected to help identify the triggering conditions, magnitude, and mobility of debris flows at the site. The three stations are located sequentially along a channel draining the 0.3 km^2 study area. The Upper, Middle, and Lower stations have respective drainage areas of 0.06, 0.16, and 0.24 km^2. The location (UTM zone 13) of each station is: 396826E/4287851N (Upper), 396893E/ 4287815N (Middle), and 396929E/4287712N (Lower). See also “ChalkStationLocations.jpg” in the README.zip file. The 2014 data includes three types of time series: (1) 1-minute time series...
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Surficial geologic maps of the Eloy South Quadrangle of the Picacho Basin. The Picacho basin is a large and complex graben surrounded by horsts and half-horsts, which are now the Picacho, Casa Grande, Silverbell, and Sacaton mountains. It formed mainly in response to late Miocene extension. Internal drainage probably persisted until about 3 million years ago. Several thousand meters of sediments fill the basin; 2000 m of evaporites and claystone form the bulk of the basin fill (Scarborough and Pierce, 1978). The upper 200 meters or so of basin fill was deposited by a gradually aggrading, regionally integrated drainage system. Young alluvium of the Santa Cruz River is up to 30 m thick and is found within 3.2 km of...
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This dataset represents 763 tributary canyons and/or watersheds adjacent to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon with associated debris flow probabilities from 2004. Also, these data include tributary canyon and/or watersheds to Glen Canyon and several smaller watersheds in Grand Canyon where debris flow data is currently unavailable. Historic probabilities of debris flow occurrence were estimated by modeling the known frequency distribution with drainage basin parameters observed to control the process by which debris flows initiate and travel to the river. Observations from 1984 through 2003 provide a 20-year record of all debris flows that reached the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, and repeat photography provides...
map background search result map search result map WOPR Woodflow Polygon Post-wildfire debris-flow monitoring data, Arroyo Seco, 2009 Station Fire, Los Angeles County, California, November 2009 to March 2010. Photogrammetric data of the Haines Highway corridor: May 26, 2014 Geologic context, age constraints, and sedimentology of a Pleistocene volcaniclastic succession near Mount Spurr volcano, south-central Alaska Debris-flow monitoring data, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2014 Lidar data for gate release experiment at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 24 and 25 May 2017 Flood Video Files for Firehose Camera, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2017 Debris Flow Video Files for Wide Angle Camera (Station 1), Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2016 Debris-flow and Flood Video Files, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2015 Surficial geologic map of the Newman Peak Quadrangle, Pinal County, Arizona Surficial geologic map of the Eloy South Quadrangle, Pinal County, Arizona San Francisco Bay Area Reconnaissance Landslide Inventory, January 2023 Landslides triggered by the February 2019 atmospheric river storm, western Riverside County, California, USA Postfire Debris-Flow Database (Literature Derived) Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: USGS Debris Flow Flume 2023 Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: Mount Rainier 2023 Debris flow probabilities of ungaged tributaries to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ Environmental DNA survey results for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Cottus aleuticus in coastal streams of Big Sur, California, 2021-2022 Flood Video Files for Firehose Camera, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2017 Debris Flow Video Files for Wide Angle Camera (Station 1), Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2016 Debris-flow and Flood Video Files, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2015 Debris-flow monitoring data, Chalk Cliffs, Colorado, USA, 2014 Lidar data for gate release experiment at the USGS Debris-Flow Flume 24 and 25 May 2017 Geologic context, age constraints, and sedimentology of a Pleistocene volcaniclastic succession near Mount Spurr volcano, south-central Alaska Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: USGS Debris Flow Flume 2023 Surficial geologic map of the Newman Peak Quadrangle, Pinal County, Arizona Surficial geologic map of the Eloy South Quadrangle, Pinal County, Arizona Photogrammetric data of the Haines Highway corridor: May 26, 2014 Landslides triggered by the February 2019 atmospheric river storm, western Riverside County, California, USA Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: Mount Rainier 2023 San Francisco Bay Area Reconnaissance Landslide Inventory, January 2023 Debris flow probabilities of ungaged tributaries to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ WOPR Woodflow Polygon Postfire Debris-Flow Database (Literature Derived)