Grid flexibility and storage required to achieve very high penetration of variable renewable electricity

We examine the changes to the electric power system required to incorporate high penetration of variable wind and solar electricity generation in a transmission constrained grid. Simulations were performed in the Texas, US (ERCOT) grid where different mixes of wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar power meet up to 80% of the electric demand. The primary constraints on incorporation of these sources at large scale are the limited time coincidence of the resource with normal electricity demand, combined with the limited flexibility of thermal generators to reduce output. An additional constraint in the ERCOT system is the current inability to exchange power with neighboring grids. By themselves, these constraints...

Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Energy storage, Solar, Wind

Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center

The Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center (GEMSC) is a research center within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that conducts comprehensive, interdisciplinary research, assessments, and surveys of the origin, occurrence, distribution, quantity, composition, and environmental effects of geologic energy materials, minerals, associated deposits, and waste materials. Additionally, GEMSC scientists are working on a broad range of current and emerging geology, energy, and minerals issues including evaluating waters produced during oil and gas extraction; identifying wastes that can be recovered or repurposed and used in new processes; conducting studies and assessments of critical minerals and rare earth elements;...

Tags: Abandoned and Legacy Mine Lands, Alaska Resources, Biogeochemical Cycling, Critical Minerals, Earth MRI, All tags... Economics, Energy, Energy Resource Assessments, Energy Storage, Energy and Minerals Databases, Environmental Health, Environmental Studies, GEM Research Laboratories, Geochemistry, Geologic CO2 Storage, Geology, Geology of Mineral Deposits, Gulf Coast Studies, Microanalysis, Mineral By-Products, Mineral Resource Assessments, Minerals, Oil and Gas Wastewater Reuse, Petrographic Studies, Remote Sensing, Waste as a Resource, Fewer tags

Trade Codes Related to the Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chain for the United States, the European Union, and the People's Republic of China

This dataset presents information concerning 8- and 10-digit trade codes related to the rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) supply chain for the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the European Union, and the United States as classified by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) rulings. Note that this dataset is not intended to be a complete or comprehensive list of trade codes for the LIB supply chain; rather, it presents trade codes from the PRC and the EU that more granularly classify products related to LIB supply chain in comparison to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). CBP rulings are included to indicate existing classification decisions for relevant products related to the LIB...

Categories: Data; Tags: China, Europe, Mineral Resources, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, All tags... anodes, battery, business and economics, cathodes, chemicals, cobalt, critical minerals, data release, energy storage, graphite, lithium, lithium-ion, lithium-ion battery, manganese, materials flow (commodities), mineral resources, nickel, nonmetallic mineral resources, processed materials, rechargeable battery, supply chain, trade, trade codes, transportation, Fewer tags