Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using 137Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields

Cultivated lands in the U.S. Midwest have been affected by soil erosion, causing soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution in the landscape and other environmental and agricultural problems. The importance of SOC redistribution on soil productivity and crop yield, however, is still uncertain. In this study, we used a model framework, which includes the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) and the Tillage Erosion Prediction (TEP) models, to understand the soil and SOC redistribution caused by water and tillage erosion in two agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest. This model framework was evaluated for different digital elevation model (DEM) spatial resolutions (10-m, 24-m, 30-m, and 56-m) and topographic...

Categories: Publication; Types: Journal Citation; Tags: Cs-137, Deposition, Erosion, Midwest United States, Soil carbon, All tags... Tillage, Water erosion, Fewer tags

Physical and Chemical Controls on the Critical Zone

Geochemists have long recognized a correlation between rates of physical denudation and chemical weathering. What underlies this correlation? The Critical Zone can be considered as a feed-through reactor. Downward advance of the weathering front brings unweathered rock into the reactor. Fluids are supplied through precipitation. The reactor is stirred at the top by biological and physical processes. The balance between advance of the weathering front by mechanical and chemical processes and mass loss by denudation fixes the thickness of the Critical Zone reactor. The internal structure of this reactor is controlled by physical processes that create surface area, determine flow paths, and set the residence time of...

Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Critical Zone, Soil, denudation, erosion, regolith, All tags... wea, Fewer tags

Surveyed bank locations of the Lake Sharpe shoreline at selected locations on the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota, 2010–15

Real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system equipment was used to survey the edge of bank at selected locations on the Lake Sharpe shoreline near Lower Brule South Dakota at intervals from 2010–15. This work was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe Environmental Protection Office.

Tags: Big Bend Dam, Lake Sharpe, Lower Brule, Lower Brule, Missouri River, All tags... South Dakota, South Dakota, erosion, Fewer tags

Spatial patterns and controls of soil chemical weathering rates along a transient hillslope

Hillslopes have been intensively studied by both geomorphologists and soil scientists. Whereas geomorphologists have focused on the physical soil production and transport on hillslopes, soil scientists have been concerned with the topographic variation of soil geochemical properties. We combined these differing approaches and quantified soil chemical weathering rates along a grass covered hillslope in Coastal California. The hillslope is comprised of both erosional and depositional sections. In the upper eroding section, soil production is balanced by physical erosion and chemical weathering. The hillslope then transitions to a depositional slope where soil accumulates due to a historical reduction of channel incision...

Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Sedim, channel incision, erosion, hillslope processes

Postfire debris-flow volumes and their associated observation, location, and volume sources

This table contains measured and modeled postfire debris flow volumes alongside the associated sources for debris flow documentation, locations, and volumes. We conducted a search of scientific literature and news media reports to find documentation of debris flows that may have followed all wildfires greater than 100 square kilometers that occurred between 1984 and 2021 in California. The wildfires listed are all the fires we found that had documented postfire debris flows. Some fires had field-measurements of debris flow volume. Where field-measurements of volume did not exist, we used model data on postfire debris-flow likelihood and volume from U.S. Geological Survey Emergency Assessment of Post-Fire Debris-Flow...

Categories: Data; Tags: CMHRP, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Physical Habitats and Geomorphology, All tags... State of California, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, erosion, fires, geoscientificInformation, geospatial datasets, sediment erosion, Fewer tags

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Data

These topographic/bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) were collected and compiled to characterize erosion and deposition in the Colorado River and in an adjacent zone of laterally recirculating flow (eddy) during both average flow conditions and during a controlled flood that occurred in March 2008. The objectives of the study were to measure changes sandbar morphology that occurred during changes in discharge associated with the controlled flood. These data were collected between February 6 and March 31, 2008 in a 1-mile study reach on the Colorado River within Grand Canyon National Park beginning 44.5 miles downstream from Lees Ferry, Arizona. These data were collected by the USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring...

Tags: Arizona, Colorado River, Eminence Break, Eminence Break field site, Glen Canyon Dam, All tags... Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program, Grand Canyon National Park, Lees Ferry, Marble Canyon, Reson Seabat 8124 sonar with TSS MAHRSS reference system, USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Willie Taylor field site, bathymetry, bathymetry measurement, channel morphology, controlled flooding, deposition, digital elevation models, eddies, erosion, field experiments, freshwater ecosystems, high-flow experiment, hydrology, inlandWaters, lateral flow separation zones, multibeam sonar, predictive models, recirculating flow, river mile 44.5, river mile 45, sandbar morphology, sandbars, sediment depostion, sediment erosion, sediment transport, sedimentation, stream channel, stream discharge, streamflow, streamflow condtions, streamflow models, streamflow velocity, streamflow velocity profile measurements, topographic data, topography, total station, Fewer tags

Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for Central California, v3.1

First Release: November 2018 The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.1 for Central California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Data for Central California covers the coastline from Pt. Conception to Golden Gate Bridge....

Categories: Data Release - Revised; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 ocean-currents hazards: average conditions in San Mateo County

This data contains maximum model-derived ocean currents (in meters per second) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 ocean-currents hazards: average conditions in Monterey County

This data contains maximum model-derived ocean currents (in meters per second) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 - San Francisco County

This dataset contains projections for San Francisco County. CoSMoS makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.1 for Central California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Data for Central California covers the coastline from Pt. Conception to Golden Gate Bridge. Methods...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Francisco County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 - San Mateo County

This dataset contains projections for San Mateo County. CoSMoS makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.1 for Central California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Data for Central California covers the coastline from Pt. Conception to Golden Gate Bridge. Methods and...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood hazard projections: 100-year storm in San Luis Obispo County

This data contains geographic extents of projected coastal flooding, low-lying vulnerable areas, and maximum/minimum flood potential (flood uncertainty) associated with the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood depth and duration projections: average conditions in Santa Cruz County

This data contains maximum depth of flooding (cm) in the region landward of the present-day shoreline for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 ocean-currents hazards: 1-year storm in Santa Barbara County

This data contains maximum model-derived ocean currents (in meters per second) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 wave-hazard projections: 1-year storm in Santa Barbara County

This data contains maximum model-derived significant wave height (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 - Santa Barbara County

This dataset contains projections from the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for Santa Barbara County, north of Pt. Conception. CoSMoS makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.1 for Central California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Data for Central California...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood depth and duration projections: 100-year storm in San Mateo County

This data contains maximum depth of flooding (cm) in the region landward of the present-day shoreline for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 wave-hazard projections: 100-year storm in Santa Barbara County

This data contains maximum model-derived significant wave height (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood hazard projections: 20-year storm in San Francisco County

This data contains geographic extents of projected coastal flooding, low-lying vulnerable areas, and maximum/minimum flood potential (flood uncertainty) associated with the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Francisco County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 wave-hazard projections: average conditions in San Francisco County

This data contains maximum model-derived significant wave height (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Francisco County, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, erosion, waves, Fewer tags