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The NRP had its beginnings in the late 1950's. Since that time, the program has grown to encompass a broad spectrum of scientific investigations. The sciences of hydrology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, ecology, biology, geology, and engineering are used to gain a fundamental understanding of the processes that affect the availability, movement, and quality of the Nation's water resources. Results of NRP's long-term research investigations often lead to the development of new concepts, techniques, and approaches that are applicable not only to the solution of current water problems, but also to future issues that may affect the Nation's water resources. Basic tools of hydrology that have been developed by the...
Categories: Project; Types: ScienceBase Project; Tags: Acid Mine Drainage, Aquatic Habitat, Arid Land Hydrology, Carbon Cycle, Contaminant Reactions and Transport, All tags...
Evapotranspiration rates and the ground water component of evapotranspiration at a site in Colorado's San Luis Valley that is dominated by shrubby phreatophytes (greasewood and rabbitbrush) were compared before and after a water table drawdown. Evapotranspiration (ET) rates at the site were first measured in 1985–1987 (pre-drawdown) when the mean water table depth was 0.92 m. Regional ground water pumping has since lowered the water table by 1.58 m, to a mean of 2.50 m. We measured ET at the same site in 1999–2003 (post-drawdown), and assessed physical and biological factors affecting the response of ET to water table drawdown. Vegetation changed markedly from the pre-drawdown to the post-drawdown period as phreatophytic...
Evapotranspiration determined using the energy-budget method at a semi-permanent prairie-pothole wetland in east-central North Dakota, USA was compared with 12 other commonly used methods. The Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods compared best with the energy-budget values; mean differences were less than 0.1 mm d−1, and standard deviations were less than 0.3 mm d−1. Both methods require measurement of air temperature, net radiation, and heat storage in the wetland water. The Penman, Jensen-Haise, and Brutsaert-Stricker methods provided the next-best values for evapotranspiration relative to the energy-budget method. The mass-transfer, deBruin, and Stephens-Stewart methods provided the worst comparisons;...
In dryland ecosystems, the timing and magnitude of precipitation pulses drive many key ecological processes, notably soil water availability for plants and soil microbiota. Plant available water has frequently been viewed simply as incoming precipitation, yet processes at larger scales drive precipitation pulses, and the subsequent transformation of precipitation pulses to plant available water are complex. We provide an overview of the factors that influence the spatial and temporal availability of water to plants and soil biota using examples from western USA drylands. Large spatial- and temporal-scale drivers of regional precipitation patterns include the position of the jet streams and frontal boundaries, the...
Non-native shrub species in the genus Tamarix (saltcedar, tamarisk) have colonized hundreds of thousands of hectares of floodplains, reservoir margins, and other wetlands in western North America. Many resource managers seek to reduce saltcedar abundance and control its spread to increase the flow of water in streams that might otherwise be lost to evapotranspiration, to restore native riparian (streamside) vegetation, and to improve wildlife habitat. However, increased water yield might not always occur and has been substantially lower than expected in water salvage experiments, the potential for successful revegetation is variable, and not all wildlife taxa clearly prefer native plant habitats over saltcedar....
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A Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model was developed to estimate annual recharge and evapotranspiration (ET) for Fauquier County, Virginia, for the period 1996 through 2015. The model was developed as part of a study to assess groundwater availability in the fractured-rock aquifers underlying Fauquier County. The model is documented in the associated report, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5056. The model was calibrated by comparing annual base-flow estimates from the hydrograph separation technique PART to annual recharge estimates from the SWB model for available years of streamflow record at two sites (01643700 and 01656000) within the model area. Selected SWB model parameters were...
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The data set consists of evapotranspiration measurements made at the USGS Dead River forested wetland climate station beginning November 21, 2009 and ending February 29, 2016. Annual ET rates corrected to a near-surface energy-budget varied from 1448 mm (2012) to 1614 mm (2010). The eddy-covariance method was used, with high-frequency sensors installed above the forest canopy to measure sensible and latent heat fluxes. Ancillary meteorological data are also included in the data set: net radiation, soil temperature and moisture, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, rainfall, and ground-water levels. Data were collected at 30-minute resolution, with evapotranspiration corrected to the near-surface...
This data release includes a polygon shapefile of grid cells attributed with values representing the simulated base-flow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater-storage depletions as a percentage of hypothetical well pumpage for the 2011-2060 time period. Depletions were simulated by the Phase-Three Elkhorn-Loup Model (ELM), constructed using MODFLOW-NWT (Niswonger and others, 2011). Each polygon represents one model grid cell, with pumping specified from either layer one or layer two of the model. All values are estimates and approximations. The phase three ELM simulated the High Plains aquifer in north-central Nebraska from predevelopment (pre-1895) through 2060 (Flynn and Stanton, 2018). The simulation was calibrated...
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Estimation of irrigation water use provides essential information for the management and conservation of agricultural water resources. The blue water evapotranspiration (BWET) raster dataset at 30-meter resolution is created to estimate agricultural irrigation water consumption. The dataset contains seasonal total (1 May to 30 September) BWET time series (1986 – 2020) for the croplands across the U.S. High Plains aquifer region. The BWET estimates are generated by integrating an energy-balance ET model (Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance model) and a water-balance ET model (Vegetation ET model). BWET in croplands reflects crop consumptive use of irrigation water extracted from surface water and groundwater...
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These data were compiled for evaluating plant water use, or river-reach level evapotranspiration (ET) data, in the riparian corridor of the Colorado River delta as specified under Minute 319 of the 1944 Water Treaty. Additionally, these data were compiled for evaluating restoration-level data in Reach 2 and Reach 4, as specified under Minute 323 of the 1944 Water Treaty. Objectives of our study were to measure the peak growing season evapotranspiration (ET) for the average of months in summer-fall (May to October) for the seven reaches, for the full riparian corridor, and for four restoration sites, from 2013 through 2022. The seven reach areas from the Northerly International Boundary (NIB) to the end of the delta...
Tags: 1944 Water Treaty, Arizona, Botany, Colorado River, Colorado River delta, All tags...
This is the USGS Earth Resources and Science (EROS) Center catalog and repository space. This space primarily supports science projects by providing a place to organize and publicly release data that support science information products. The EROS Center studies land change and produces land change data products used by researchers, resource managers, and policy makers across the nation and around the world.
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Daily evaporation rates were calculated at the open-water LZ40-platform in the interior of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, from December 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016 using five methods (Shoemaker et al., 2024); specifically, the Penman, Priestly-Taylor, Mass-Transfer, Simple, and Turc equations. Bowen-ratio energy-budget derived daily evaporation rates calculated from micro-meteorological data at the LZ40 site (Wacker, 2020) are considered a standard by which to evaluate the five alternative evaporation methods. Parameterization of each of method and comparison of evaporation using each of the five methods to the Bowen ratio estimates are published by Shoemaker and others (2024).
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The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have evaluated projections of future droughts for south Florida based on climate model output from the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) downscaled climate dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The MACA dataset includes both Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A Portable Document Format (PDF) file is provided which presents boxplots of future overall drought-event characteristics based on 6-mo. and 12-mo. averaged balance anomaly timeseries derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming the Kruijt stomatal resistance curve...
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The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have evaluated projections of future droughts for south Florida based on climate model output from the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) downscaled climate dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The MACA dataset includes both Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A Microsoft Excel workbook is provided which tabulates mean future (2056-95) anomalies derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming historical-standard stomatal resistance for four regions: (1) the entire South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), (2) the Lower...
Summary Human activities have historically affected hydrology in the upper Midwestern United States, specifically through the conversion of forests and prairie grasslands to agricultural uses. The hydrologic impacts of land-use change due to settlement on the water balance of three Great Lakes states: Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan were analyzed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) large-scale hydrology model, and changes in the spatial distribution of vegetation types were studied. Point model simulations demonstrated that the VIC model simulated changes in average annual and monthly evapotranspiration (ET) and total runoff response were in the same direction and had similar magnitudes to values from...
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This part of the Data Release contains the raster representation of the water-level altitude and water-level change maps developed every 5 years from 1980-2015 for the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study. The input point data used to generate the water-level altitude maps can be found in the "Groundwater level measurement data used to develop water-level altitude maps in the upper Rio Grande Alluvial Basins" child item of this data release. These digital data accompany Houston, N.A., Thomas, J.V., Foster, L.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Welborn, T.L., 2020, Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-level altitudes, groundwater-level changes, and groundwater-storage changes in selected alluvial basins of the upper Rio Grande...
Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Abiquiu Reservoir, Ahumada, Alamosa, Alamosa County, Alamosa Creek, All tags...
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The data in this release describe various aspects of the impacts of urbanization on evapotranspiration at local to global spatial scales. This data release is associated with the publication of these results in a concurrent journal article. Analyses in the journal article included comparisons between urban and non-urban ET in a variety of climate settings and spatial scales. Urbanization has been shown to locally increase the nighttime temperatures creating urban heat islands, which partly arise due to evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. It is unclear how the direction and magnitude of the change in local ET due to urbanization varies globally across different climatic regimes. This knowledge gap is critical, both...
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This USGS Data Release supports USGS Scientific Investigations Report (SIR) 2017-5079. Following is the abstract from SIR 2017-5079: This report documents methodology and results of a study to evaluate groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration (GWET) in sparsely vegetated areas of Amargosa Desert and improve understanding of hydrologic-continuum processes controlling groundwater discharge. Evapotranspiration and GWET rates were computed and characterized at three sites over 2 years using a combination of micrometeorological, unsaturated zone, and stable-isotope measurements. One site (Amargosa Flat Shallow [AFS]) was in a sparse and isolated area of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) where the depth to groundwater...
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The evapotranspiration (ET) datasets were created under contract for this study by the University of Idaho. A high-resolution remote sensing technique known as Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC) was used to create estimates of the spatial distribution of ET. The METRIC technique uses thermal infrared Landsat imagery to quantify actual evapotranspiration at a 30-meter resolution that can be related to individual irrigated fields. Because evaporation uses heat energy, ground surfaces with large ET rates are left cooler as a result of ET than ground surfaces that have less ET. As a consequence, irrigated fields appear in the Landsat images as cooler than nonirrigated...


map background search result map search result map Evapotranspiration in the Upper Klamath Basin for October 2013 1. Evapotranspiration (ET) at Dead River forested wetland site, 30-minute data, Hillsborough County, Florida, December 2009 - February 2016 Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, and Unsaturated-Zone Data, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 2011-13 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model data sets for Fauquier County, Virginia, 1996 - 2015 Percentage of Hypothetical Well Pumpage Causing Depletions to Simulated Base Flow, Evapotranspiration, and Groundwater Storage in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, 2011 through 2060 Groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-level change maps developed for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study Urbanization Impacts on Evapotranspiration Across Various Spatio-temporal Scales Daily evaporation rates computed using five methods at the LZ40 platform in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, December 2012 to December 2016 Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) Remotely-sensed observations of restoration sites of the riparian corridor of the Colorado River Delta in Mexico, 2013-2022 Seasonal Blue Water Evapotranspiration 1986 – 2020 for the Croplands in the High Plains Aquifer Region Boxplots of future (2056-95) overall drought-event characteristics derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming the Kruijt stomatal resistance curve in the future Spreadsheet of mean future (2056-95) anomalies derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming historical-standard stomatal resistance 1. Evapotranspiration (ET) at Dead River forested wetland site, 30-minute data, Hillsborough County, Florida, December 2009 - February 2016 Remotely-sensed observations of restoration sites of the riparian corridor of the Colorado River Delta in Mexico, 2013-2022 Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, and Unsaturated-Zone Data, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 2011-13 Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model data sets for Fauquier County, Virginia, 1996 - 2015 Evapotranspiration in the Upper Klamath Basin for October 2013 Percentage of Hypothetical Well Pumpage Causing Depletions to Simulated Base Flow, Evapotranspiration, and Groundwater Storage in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, 2011 through 2060 Groundwater-level altitude and groundwater-level change maps developed for the groundwater component of the upper Rio Grande Focus Area Study Boxplots of future (2056-95) overall drought-event characteristics derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming the Kruijt stomatal resistance curve in the future Spreadsheet of mean future (2056-95) anomalies derived from climate models downscaled by the MACA method assuming historical-standard stomatal resistance Seasonal Blue Water Evapotranspiration 1986 – 2020 for the Croplands in the High Plains Aquifer Region Urbanization Impacts on Evapotranspiration Across Various Spatio-temporal Scales