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One phenomenon that has been shown to concentrate and release per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water is the formation of natural foams. For surface water foams to form, surface active compounds or surfactants must be present in the water along with a source of gas bubbles. Some examples of surface-active compounds include humic and fulvic acids, colloidal particles, and lipids and proteins. The relationship between PFAS and dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important because studies have shown that DOM can affect PFAS fate and bioavailability in aquatic systems and treatment processes. The results from this assessment will improve our understanding of PFAS fate and transport in the environment....
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
DOM,
Geochemistry,
Organic Matter Research Lab,
Here we report optical data collected as part of a collaborative study between USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Water Mission Area Proxies Project. The optical measurements reported here were collected to aide in the characterization of water sources and mixtures and establish proxies (surrogates) for per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances within the Neshaminy Creek basin. Data are compiled into three tables: 1) full fluorescence spectra in vectorized format, 2) full absorbance spectra, and 3) summary file of commonly extracted optical indicators and field-based sensor arrays.
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
Environmental Health,
Geochemistry,
Organic Matter Research Lab,
The use of field-deployable fluorescence sensors to better understand dissolved organic matter concentrations and composition has grown immensely in recent years. Applications of these sensors to critical monitoring efforts have also grown to encompass post-fire monitoring, wastewater tracking, and use as a proxy for various contaminants. Despite the growth, it is well known that these sensors are subject to various interferences and require corrections for temperature, turbidity, and concentration effects. Although temperature corrections are widely applicable across sensors, the turbidity and concentration corrections can be site-specific and/or sensor-specific. The corrections can even be subject to changes in...
Categories: Data;
Tags: DOC,
USGS California Water Science Center,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
biota,
The USGS CAWSC Organic Matter Research Laboratory (OMRL) provides laboratory services and support to regional and national projects in the analysis of organic matter using the latest methods in absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical measurements such as absorbance and fluorescence are used to gain insight into dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and can also serve as proxies for more expensive and difficult to obtain measurements. These techniques are relatively rapid and inexpensive and allow for the comprehensive tracking of DOM dynamics in aquatic ecosystems ranging from rivers and lakes to estuaries to open marine systems. Absorbance spectra and fluorescence matrices were simultaneously collected...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Aqualog,
California,
California Water Science Center,
Dissolved Organic Matter,
Fluorescence,
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and co-occurring inorganic and organic contaminants are widely distributed in the environment and understanding their surface water sources is critical for water resource management. In November 2021, 13 sites were sampled along a stream reach in the Neshaminy Creek basin in southeastern Pennsylvania utilizing a time of travel sampling approach. The reach had known potential PFAS source inputs and documented PFAS detections in water samples. This data release describes the sampling approach, sample processing, laboratory analytical methods, and contains the results. Site (Table_1_NC_2021_Site_Info) and constituent information (Table_2_Constituents) are provided in tab...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Neshaminy Creek,
PFAS,
Pennsylvania,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
Optical sensors measuring fluorescence of non-biological sources (e.g., dissolved organic matter, wastewater, hydrocarbons, fluorescent dyes, etc.; hereafter referred to as fDOM) are increasingly used in water quality studies because they provide proxy measurements for a variety of contaminants and constituents of concern including metals, wastewater effluent, and DOM (measured in the lab as dissolved organic carbon, (DOC)) concentrations. Similarly, sensors measuring biological (algal) fluorescence (hereafter referred to as chlorophyll (fChl) and phycocyanin (fPC), have gained popularity to measure phytoplankton concentration, biomass, and even primary productivity. As additional sensors are coupled with ongoing...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
EXO YSI,
Organic Matter Research Laboratory,
Sacramento,
In the Atlantic Ocean and above the Miami Terrace off southeastern Florida, a total of nine CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) casts were performed using the 115-foot Research Vessel (R/V) Weatherbird II above the submerged Miami Terrace at the Miami pockmark and Key Biscayne pockmark from May 4 to May 8, 2016. A CTD is a package of electronic instruments and sampling devices that measure conductivity, temperature, and depth but also capable of measuring multiple chemical and physical parameters of the seawater column. A CTD cast measures the various seawater parameters while the package is lowered and raised in one or more cycles from onboard a ship as it drifts with an ocean current or steams along a predetermined...
Note: this data release has been superseded by version 2.0, available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91LJNAU Optical sensors measuring fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) are increasingly being used in water quality studies because they provide proxy measurements for dissolved organic matter concentrations (DOC). Similarly, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) fluorescence sensors have gained popularity as a means to measure phytoplankton concentration, biomass, and even primary productivity using various approaches. As additional sensors are grouped for in situ monitoring, field calibration checks are becoming quite time consuming for even the basic set of sensors (i.e. pH, specific conductivity, turbidity) that require...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
EXO YSI,
Organic Matter Research Laboratory,
Sacramento,
We have adapted two commonly used human breast luciferase transactivation cell bioassays, the recently re-named estrogen agonist/antagonist screening VM7Luc4E2 cell bioassay (previously designated BG1Luc4E2) and the androgen/glucocorticoid screening MDA-kb2 cell bioassay, to 384-well formats for HTS of endocrine-active substances. This cost-saving adaptation includes a fast, accurate, and easy measurement of protein amount in each well via the fluorescamine assay (in the form of relative fluorescence units, RFU which are then converted to microgram protein using bovine serum albumin standards) with which to normalize luciferase activity (in the form of relative light units, RLU) of cell lysates without requiring...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Columbia Environmental Research Center,
Missouri,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
bioassay,
cells,
5-day composite river water samples were collected from two sites: Menomonee River (U.S. Geological Survey station number 04087142) and Underwood Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station number 04087088) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 5-day composite wastewater (raw sewage) influent samples were also collected from the Jones Island Water Reclamation Facility (U.S. Geological Survey station number 430125087540400). 5-day composite samples were collected from 2017 to 2019. Grab samples and time-series data (one-hour streamflow and 10-minute optical sensor measurements) were also collected from the Menomonee River (U.S. Geological Survey station number 04087142) site from 2017 to 2018, which are presented in this data release....
Categories: Data;
Tags: Absorbance,
Aqualog,
Fecal-Indicator Bacteria,
Fluorescence,
Fluorescent/colored dissolved organic matter (FDOM),
These data are a part of the effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. The work was conducted in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and the data collected will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. The Sanctuary's research vessel, R/V Auk, visited a total of 169 locations on Stellwagen Bank during three separate surveys from September 2020 to August 2021. During these surveys a customized...
Here, we present the results supporting Table 2 in Field Techniques for Fluorescence Measurements Targeting Dissolved Organic Matter, Hydrocarbons, and Wastewater in Environmental Waters: Principles and Guidelines for Instrument Selection, Operation and Maintenance, Quality Assurance, and Data Reporting. Table 2 shows comparisons from an Aqualog 800 benchtop fluorometer standardized to quinine sulfate equivalents (QSE) with excitation (ex) and emissions (em) equivalent to fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensors from multiple manufacturers. Data are reported from two standard reference materials (SRM) and the mean, minimum, and maximum from 76 environmental samples. No replicates were collected for...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
DOC,
Organic Matter Research Laboratory,
Sacramento,
Here, we present data supporting temporal variability and sources of PFAS in the Rio Grande through an arid urban area using high-frequency sampling and novel samplers. Data are compiled into two tables: 1) full fluorescence spectra in vectorized format, and 2) summary file of concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen and commonly extracted field-based sensor arrays. Data are reported from two sites at Rio Grande, New Mexico during a 24-hour collection period. Two field blanks, one field replicate, and two laboratory replicates are reported for 26 environmental samples.
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Organic Matter Research Lab,
Sacramento,
TDN,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Optical sensors measuring fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (fDOM) are increasingly used in water quality studies because they provide proxy measurements for a variety of contaminants and constituents of concern including metals and wastewater effluent. Similarly, sensors measuring fluorescence of chlorophyll (fChl) and phycocyanin (fPC) have gained popularity to measure phytoplankton concentration, biomass, and even primary productivity. Optical sensors require calibration using a calibration standard solution which is diluted from a working stock solution. However, preparation of stock solutions is challenging because they are difficult to prepare accurately, need to be prepared in a laboratory setting,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
California Water Science Center,
Organic Matter Research Lab,
Sacramento,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) California Water Science Center (CAWSC) Organic Matter Research Laboratory (OMRL) provides laboratory services and support to regional and national projects in the analysis of organic matter using the latest methods in absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical measurements such as absorbance and fluorescence are used to gain insight into dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and can also serve as proxies for more expensive and difficult to obtain measurements. These techniques are relatively rapid and inexpensive and allow for the comprehensive tracking of DOM dynamics in aquatic ecosystems ranging from rivers and lakes to estuaries to open marine systems. Laboratory...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Aqualog,
California,
California Water Science Center,
Dissolved Organic Matter,
Fluorescence,
This data release is currently under revision and is temporarily unavailable. This data release presents chemical results from investigations of surface-water quality in the Potomac River watershed (encompassing Washington, D.C. and parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland) conducted during low-flow conditions in July through September of 2022. This sampling campaign was conducted at 32 stream sites throughout the watershed (Table 1). A suite of field parameters and inorganic and organic chemical characteristics at each site were characterized using seven separate analytical methods at five laboratories (Table 2). The water-quality results are presented in Table 3. Analytical methods and laboratories...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Chesapeake Bay Watershed,
Environmental Health,
Maryland,
PFAS,
Pennsylvania,
Waters co-produced during petroleum extraction are normally considered wastes but are also possible resources, especially in water-stressed regions. Produced waters can be chemically complex. High salinity, naturally occurring radioactive materials, and organic substances derived from the producing formation can complicate treatment processes. Rapid screening methods to characterize produced waters could be important in determining effective and efficient treatment strategies, as the composition of these produced waters can vary dramatically. In this study, excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) was used to assess the types of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) present in produced waters from six...
Fluorescence and absorbance spectra were measured in discrete surface water samples collected during three sampling campaigns (Nov 2022, Mar/Apr 2023, Jul 2023) on the Illinois Waterway (IWW) and Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), which are the primary drainage of the Illinois River Basin (IRB). Water sampling was conducted concurrently with a boat-based water quality mapping effort using the Fast Limnology Automated Measurement (FLAMe) system (Crawford et al., 2015). Each campaign began in the Chicago metropolitan area, and after having sampled Lake Michigan, entered into the upper extent of the IWW, sampling through the CAWS into the lower reaches of the Des Plaines River and finally the Illinois River. After...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Absorbance,
Aqualog,
California,
California Water Science Center,
Dissolved Organic Matter,
Optical spectra reported here are collected from 17 surface water sampling sites within the Fraser River, a headwaters drainage of the Upper Colorado River Basin in the central western United States. The sample collection was conducted as part of the partnership between the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) Next Generation Water Observation System (NGWOS) and Proxies Project, in coordination with the USGS Colorado Water Science Center and California Water Science Center, and the East Grand Water Quality Board.
These data are a part of the effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. The work was conducted in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and the data collected will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. The Sanctuary's research vessel, R/V Auk, visited a total of 233 locations on Stellwagen Bank during six separate surveys. During these surveys a customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS)...
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