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We review recent global developments in three areas: energy efficiency, market transformation, and renewable energy. In each area we document policy applications and specific country experiences. We list Internet World Wide Web links for current information. Significant opportunities exist for cross-fertilizing initiatives from both developed and developing countries. For example, Thailand’s energy labelling program works significantly better than that of the US. Specific information is listed for many countries in Asia, Europe, and North America.
High-temporal resolution meteorological output from the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) is used to assess changes in wildland fire danger across the western United States due to climatic changes projected in the 21st century. A business-as-usual scenario incorporating changing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations until the year 2089 is compared to a 1975 - 1996 base period. Changes in relative humidity, especially drying over much of the West, are projected to increase the number of days of high fire danger ( based on the energy release component (ERC) index) at least through the year 2089 in comparison to the base period. The regions most affected are the northern Rockies, Great Basin and the Southwest - regions...
It is widely recognised that access to and supply of modern energy play a key role in poverty alleviation and sustainable development.The emerging concept of energisation seems to capture this idea, and if implemented in its full complexity it should have multiple beneficial effects. To demonstrate this, an economic model is developed for an urban developmental context, drawing on the theory of urban ecosystems and illustrating energy and waste production and consumption issues with current South African data sets. This new understanding of the concept of energisation is then integrated into a local government energy planning process, by means of a checklist for energy planners, covering 18 aspects that between...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: CSP,
Economic,
Germany,
concentrated solar power,
deployment,
These data were analyzed for the publication 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants': Aim: Exotic species’ distributions reflect patterns of human-mediated dispersal, species’ climatic tolerances, and a suite of other biotic and abiotic factors. The relative importance of each of these factors will shape how the spread of exotic species is affected by ongoing economic globalization and climate change. However, patterns of trade may be correlated with variation in scientific sampling effort globally, potentially confounding studies that do not account for sampling patterns. Location: Global. Methods: We used data from the Global...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Global,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
ecology,
macroecology,
nonindigenous species,
This map presents transportation data, including highways, roads, railroads, and airports for the world. The map was developed by Esri using Esri highway data; DeLorme basemap layers; HERE street data for North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South America and Central America, select countries in Africa, and most of the Middle East. Data from MapmyIndia data in India and OpenStreetMap contributors in select countries in Africa. For more information on this map, including our terms of use, visit us online at http://goto.arcgisonline.com/maps/Reference/World_Transportation
For each CSIRO Mk3.0 gridcell: A 12-month average temperature was calculated for 1961-1990 based on the simulated transient historical data. Result is a 12 month simulated climatology at the scale of the CSIRO Mk3.0 grid. For each forecast month a difference anomaly was calculated (ex. January_2021 â Mean_historical_January). Result is a 100 year monthly set of temperature anomalies at the scale of the CSIRO Mk3.0 grid. For each forecast month: Gridded anomalies were interpolated to a ½ degree grid using a bilinear interpolation. For each forecast month and each ½ degree gridcell: The anomaly for that month is added to the CRU historical mean temperature (ex. CRU_Mean_January_1961-1990 + January_2021_anomaly)....
For each HADCM3 gridcell: A 12-month average temperature was calculated for 1961-1990 based on the simulated transient historical data. Result is a 12 month simulated climatology at the scale of the HADCM3 grid. For each forecast month a difference anomaly was calculated (ex. January_2021 – Mean_historical_January). Result is a 100 year monthly set of temperature anomalies at the scale of the HADCM3 grid. For each forecast month: Gridded anomalies were interpolated to a ½ degree grid using a bilinear interpolation. For each forecast month and each ½ degree gridcell: The anomaly for that month is added to the CRU historical mean temperature (ex. CRU_Mean_January_1961-1990 + January_2021_anomaly)....
The Last of the Wild represents the least influenced (most wild) areas of major terrestrial biomes. Most wild in each biome are defined as areas with Human Footprint Index values less than or equal to 10. The map shows the distribution of what remains the least influenced areas in each biome. The Last of the Wild Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2) is derived from the LWP-2 Human Footprint Dataset. The gridded data are classified according to their raster value (wild = 0-10; not wild >10). The ten largest polygons of more than 5 square kilometers within each biome by realm are selected and identified. The dataset is produced by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Columbia...
The Global Human Influence Index Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2) is a global dataset of 1-kilometer grid cells, created from nine global data layers covering human population pressure (population density), human land use and infrastructure (built-up areas, nighttime lights, land use/land cover), and human access (coastlines, roads, railroads, navigable rivers). The dataset is produced by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). The Human Influence Index (HII) is a measure of direct human influence on terrestrial ecosystems using the best available data sets on human settlement (population...
The Global Human Influence Index Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2) is a global dataset of 1-kilometer grid cells, created from nine global data layers covering human population pressure (population density), human land use and infrastructure (built-up areas, nighttime lights, land use/land cover), and human access (coastlines, roads, railroads, navigable rivers). The dataset is produced by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). The Human Influence Index (HII) is a measure of direct human influence on terrestrial ecosystems using the best available data sets on human settlement (population...
Mainstem rivers are the backbone of a connected network of hydrologic units that cover the landscape. A mainstem connects a headwater source area to an outlet. This data release identifies the same mainstem paths in hydrographic datasets for the world based on the MERIT hydrography and the Natural Earth river names. Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. See "Blodgett et al., 2021, Mainstems: A logical data model implementing mainstem and drainage basin feature types based on WaterML2 Part 3: HY Features concepts https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104927" for mainstems data model details.
This inventory was originally created by Basharat and others (2014) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.6 Kashmir, Pakistan earthquake that occurred on 8 October 2005 at 03:50:40 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Asia,
EHP,
Earthquake,
Earthquake Hazards Program,
Earthquakes,
This inventory was originally created by Harp and others (2016) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.0 Haiti earthquake that occurred on 12 January 2010 at 21:53:10 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Caribbean,
EHP,
Earthquake,
Earthquake Hazards Program,
Earthquakes,
This inventory was originally created by Harp and others (1984) describing the landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes, with the largest being the M 6.5 Mammoth Lakes, California earthquake that occurred on 25 May 1980 at 19:44:50 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory includes landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes rather than a single mainshock. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: California,
EHP,
Earthquake,
Earthquake Hazards Program,
Earthquakes,
The surface psychrometric constant (spc) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration modeling using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for establishing model boundary limits for the dry/bare and wet/vegetated surface conditions. The inverse of the constant (1/spc) represents the temperature difference (dT) between the bare/dry surface and the air temperature at the canopy level. The main output of the SSEBop model is an ET fraction (0-1) and, when combined with reference (“maximum”) ET, produces an actual ET estimate from satellite-observed land surface temperature. This dT is determined using net radiation inputs under gray-sky radiations from the ERA-5 datasets, i.e., Surface...
To assess the distribution, frequency, and global extent of riverine hypoxia, we compiled 118 million paired dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature measurements from 125,158 unique locations in rivers in 93 countries and territories across the globe. The dataset also includes site characteristics derived from StreamCat, the National Hydrography and HydroAtlas datasets and proximal land cover derived from MODIS-based IGBP land cover types compiled using Google Earth Engine (GEE).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Hydrology,
NEP,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
Water Resources,
A new data layer provides global coastal segments at 1 km or shorter resolution produced from a partitioning of a 30 m Landsat-derived shoreline vector that was segmented into 4 million 1 km or shorter segments. Each segment was attributed with values from 10 variables that represent the ecological settings in which the coastline occurs, including properties of the adjacent water, adjacent land, and coastline itself. The 4 million segments were classified into 81,000 coastal segment units (CSUs) as unique combinations of variable classes.
The Last of the Wild represents the least influenced (most wild) areas of major terrestrial biomes. Most wild in each biome are defined as areas with Human Footprint Index values less than or equal to 10. The map shows the distribution of what remains the least influenced areas in each biome. The Last of the Wild Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 2, 2005 (LWP-2) is derived from the LWP-2 Human Footprint Dataset. The gridded data are classified according to their raster value (wild = 0-10; not wild >10). The ten largest polygons of more than 5 square kilometers within each biome by realm are selected and identified. The dataset is produced by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Columbia...
For each MIROC gridcell: An average precipitation was calculated for 1961-1990 based on the simulated transient historical data. Result is a 12 month simulated climatology at the scale of the MIROC grid. For each forecast month a ratio anomaly was calculated (ex. January_2021 / Mean_historical_January). Anomalies were capped at 5.0. Result is a 100 year monthly set of precipitation anomalies at the scale of the MIROC grid. For each forecast month: Gridded anomalies were interpolated to a ½ degree grid using a bilinear interpolation. For each forecast month and each ½ degree gridcell: The anomaly for that month is mulitplied to the CRU historical precipitation (ex. CRU_Mean_January_1961-1990 x January_2021_anomaly)....
The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data of the nearshore region of the North Pacific show temperature ranges in degrees C using points whose locations correspond to the centroids of AVHRR Pathfinder version 5 monthly, global, 4 km data set (PFSST V50). The pathfinder rasters are available from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), hosted by NASA JPL. The data points in this dataset lie within a 20 km buffer from the GSHHS (Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline) coastline. The GSHHS vector data are available from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Furthermore, each point in the SST dataset is categorized by the ecoregion in which it is located. This...
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