Skip to main content
Advanced Search

Filters: Tags: global warming (X)

45 results (68ms)   

Filters
Date Range
Extensions
Types
Contacts
Categories
Tag Types
Tag Schemes
View Results as: JSON ATOM CSV
Understanding of the influence of global warming has been limited by a paucity of experiments. Taking advantage of the largest, longest-running experimental warming of a forest, we convened dozens of scientists from across the world to collect data to study and understand how bacteria, fungi, herbivores, plant pathogens, insects and a diversity of other groups respond to warming. We found that warming had a significant impact on ecosystems at both a site in North Carolina, as well as a more northern site in Massachusetts. The types of effects, however, differed between the north and south; they also differed as a function of the organisms considered. While warming affected all levels of organization, it had the...
In temperate latitudes, toxic cyanobacteria blooms often occur in eutrophied ecosystems during warm months. Many common bloom-forming cyanobacteria have toxic and non-toxic strains which co-occur and are visually indistinguishable but can be quantified molecularly. Toxic Microcystis cells possess a suite of microcystin synthesis genes (mcyA–mcyJ), while non-toxic strains do not. For this study, we assessed the temporal dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis by quantifying the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, 16S (an indicator of total Microcystis), from samples collected from four lakes across the Northeast US over a two-year period. Nutrient concentrations...
An integrated approach for choosing among energy supply- and demand-side measures shows that, compared to business-as-usual demand patterns, global greenhouse-gas emissions can be reduced well below current levels with net economic benefits to society. Given these findings, a 'wait-and-see' stance towards new initiatives in energy and environmental policy is not economically justifiable. Achieving significant emissions reductions, however, will require commitments to policies aimed at enabling energy markets to function more efficiently and supporting legislation where market forces do not suffice.
In order to study the likely effects of global warming on future ecosystems, a method for applying a heating treatment to open-field plant canopies (i.e. a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system) is needed which will warm vegetation as expected by the future climate. One method which shows promise is infrared heating, but a theory of operation is needed for predicting the performance of infrared heaters. Therefore, a theoretical equation was derived to predict the thermal radiation power required to warm a plant canopy per degree rise in temperature per unit of heated land area. Another equation was derived to predict the thermal radiation efficiency of an incoloy rod infrared heater as a function...
We used overhead infrared radiators to add a constant increment of approximate to 15 W/m(2), over 2 yr, to the downward heat flux on five 30-m(2) montane meadow plots in Gunnison County, Colorado, USA. Heating advanced snowmelt by approximate to 1 wk, increased summer soil temperatures by up to 3 degrees C, and reduced summer soil moisture levels by up to 25% compared to control plots. Soil microclimate response to heating varied with season, time of day, weather conditions, and location along the microclimate and vegetation gradient within each plot, with the largest temperature increase observed in daytime and in the drier, more sparsely vegetated zone of each plot. Day-to-day variation in the daily-averaged temperature...
A [`]discount rate' for the consumption of future generations from current investments for their benefit is typically composed of two parts: [`]time preference' and an allowance for the lower marginal utility of consumption due to higher average levels of consumption in the future. Time preference would be involved if one were postponing one's own consumption; it has little or nothing to do with income redistribution, which is what greenhouse abatement is about. A lower marginal utility of consumption is an anomaly in income redistribution: we rarely deliberately transfer consumption from the less to the more well-to-do. Time may serve as a kind of measure of distance; we may prefer beneficiaries who are closer...
We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by highvolume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the lifetime of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured—as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids—and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater...
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the technologies and science of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), including a brief description of the key aspects of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) transport and subsequent trapping. It focuses on the various methods that have been employed for the sequestration of CO2 in geological media and the different carbon mitigation processes that occur after injection of the CO2. For a geosequestration project, high degree leak-proof, large storage capacity with effective sealing and non-faulting stratum are ideal characteristics of the target reservoir and caprock. The geophysical and geochemical aspects of caprock-CO2-pore fluid interaction, stability of the caprock during and after...
International agreement on global warming mitigation is likely to prove difficult. Efficiencybased policies will result in disparate costs and benefits among nations and thus hinder cooperation. This paper suggests that consideration be given to an equitable sharing of the economic impacts of global warming policy. Acknowledging that there is no universally-held concept of equity, the policy implications of several alternatives are explored. Because there is considerable variation in these implications, it will be important for decision-makers to clarify their preferred concepts of equity during the course of their negotiations on policies to address global warming.
Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to nature’s contributions to people. To inform proactive adaptation actions and research priorities, it is important to periodically synthesize peer-reviewed evidence of observed and projected climate effects on ecosystem services. By systematically reviewing journal articles that were published between 2014 and 2018, we aimed to identify trends and gaps in recent assessments of climate effects on ecosystem service supply, demand, and monetary value. In addition to recording direct climate impacts, we extracted data regarding climate interactions with non-climate drivers, study context (e.g., spatial scale, location, ecosystem) and methodology, characteristics...
thumbnail
This dataset contains canopy measurements of Taxodium distichum taken outside of the Wetland and Aquatic Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The measurements were used to produce data on tree canopy area and seeds produced per Taxodium distichum tree.
thumbnail
The CoRE (Contractions or Range Expansions) database contains a library of published literature and data on species range shifts in response to climate change. Through a systematic review of publications returned from searches on Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, we selected primary research articles that documented or attempted to document species-level distribution shifts in animal or plant species in response to recent anthropogenic climate change. We extracted data in four broad categories: (i) basic study information (study duration, location, data quality and methodological factors); (ii) basic species information (scientific names and taxonomic groups); (iii) information on the observed range shifts...
International agreement on global warming mitigation is likely to prove difficult. Efficiencybased policies will result in disparate costs and benefits among nations and thus hinder cooperation. This paper suggests that consideration be given to an equitable sharing of the economic impacts of global warming policy. Acknowledging that there is no universally-held concept of equity, the policy implications of several alternatives are explored. Because there is considerable variation in these implications, it will be important for decision-makers to clarify their preferred concepts of equity during the course of their negotiations on policies to address global warming.
Policy discussions concerning global warming have been based on the assumption that C02 emissions from developing countries cannot be limited without slowing their economic growth. The promise of energy efficiency is clear. However, only a correct shift in development funding and investment to support energy efficiency would allow this promise to be fulfilled. This paper shows that such an assumption is wrong. In fact, these nations can limit fossil fuel use and C02 emissions while at the same time expanding economic growth. The path to this is energy efficiency, which allows resources to be shifted from wasteful expenditure on energy to more productive sectors. The result is that less C02 is emitted while Third...
1. Microclimate was measured and photosynthetic responses to a climate warming manipulation were compared for the evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata and the herbaceous forb Erigeron speciosus in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. 2. Soil was warmer and drier under infra-red heaters compared with control plots. 3. Midday xylem pressure potential did not differ for A. tridentata on heated vs control plots but was lower for E. speciosus on heated plots compared with controls. Leaf temperatures did not vary for the two species on heated or control plots. 4. There were no significant treatment or species differences in the diurnal patterns of CO2 assimilation or stomatal conductance to water vapour. Also, there were...
Effects of climate warming on wild populations of organisms are expected to be greatest at higher latitudes, paralleling greater anticipated increases in temperature in these regions. Yet, these expectations assume that populations in different regions are equally susceptible to the effects of warming. This is unlikely to be the case. Here, we develop a series of predictive models for physiological thermal tolerances in ants based on current and future climates. We found that tropical ants have lower warming tolerances, a metric of susceptibility to climate warming, than temperate ants despite greater increases in temperature at higher latitudes. Using climatic, ecological and phylogenetic data, we refine our predictions...
thumbnail
We monitored nests from 1983 to 2016 during the crocodile nesting season (April through August) as part of a long-term American crocodile monitoring programs within Everglades National Park (ENP; since 1978) and Turkey Point Power Plant (TP; since 1983). Nests were located during April and May (egg laying period) and monitored from June to August (hatching period). During the hatching period, surveys for hatchlings were conducted nightly at TP by airboat and one to five nights per week by skiff, kayak, or portaboat within ENP. Hatch dates for all known nests within ENP and TP were determined when possible.
thumbnail
In 2013 five Taxodium distichum trees along a 125 m long transect of Hickory Point State Forest outside Pocomoke City, Maryland were outfitted with dendrobands. Each year the growth of the T. distichum trees was measured in terms of the ratio of that year's circumference to the previous year's circumference. Tree growth was measured until the year the tree died or the conclusion of the study in 2021.
Human activity causes wintering waterfowl to expend energy to avoid humans at a time in their annual cycle when energy conservation is important to survival, migration, and breeding reserves. Understanding the effects of recreational activities on waterfowl is important to managing natural resource areas where migratory birds depend on wetland habitat for resting and feeding. We investigated responses of 7 species of dabbling ducks to 5 different experimental human activities, (a pedestrian, a bicyclist, a truck traveling at 2 different speeds, and an electric passenger tram). Responses of ducks depended on type of disturbance, species, and distance from disturbances. Most birds responded to the treatments. People...
map background search result map search result map Hatch dates of American crocodile nests in Everglades National Park and Turkey Point Power Plant 1983-2016 Data Release: Peat collapse and vegetation shift after storm-driven saltwater surge in a tidal freshwater swamp, CTD Diver data Data Release: Peat collapse and vegetation shift after storm-driven saltwater surge in a tidal freshwater swamp, Taxodium distichum growth Data Release: Buttonland Swamp, seed data Data Release: Peat collapse and vegetation shift after storm-driven saltwater surge in a tidal freshwater swamp, CTD Diver data Data Release: Peat collapse and vegetation shift after storm-driven saltwater surge in a tidal freshwater swamp, Taxodium distichum growth Data Release: Buttonland Swamp, seed data Hatch dates of American crocodile nests in Everglades National Park and Turkey Point Power Plant 1983-2016